• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cardinal function

Search Result 25, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

ON THE ASYMPTOTIC CONVERGENCE OF ORTHONORMAL CARDINAL REFINABLE FUNCTIONS

  • Kim, Rae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.133-137
    • /
    • 2008
  • We prove an extended version of asymptotic behavior of the orthonormal cardinal refinable functions from Blaschke products introduced by Contronei et al [2]. In fact, we show the orthonormal cardinal refinable function ${\varphi}_{k,q}$ converges in $L^p(\mathbb{R})$ ($2{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$) to the Shannon refinable function as ${\kappa}{\rightarrow}{\infty}$ uniforml on a class $\mathcal{Q}_{A,B}$ of real symmetric polynomials determined by positive constants $A{\leq}B$.

  • PDF

CONSTRUCTION OF POSITIVE INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS FOR DIFFUSION TENSOR

  • Shim, Hong-Tae
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
    • /
    • v.23 no.1_2
    • /
    • pp.563-570
    • /
    • 2007
  • There has been a considerable research interest in medical communities for neuronal fiber tracking with magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging(DTI). DTI data have abundant structural boundaries that need to be preserved during interpolation to facilitate fiber tracking. Sigmoid function has been used in recent papers but the sigmoid function still is not good enough to be served as an positive interpolation in mathematical point of view. In this paper, we construct and provide two families positive cardinal interpolation functions.

CARDINALITY OF TYPE 2 FOR FUZZY-VALUED FUNCTIONS

  • Jang, Lee-Chae
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.265-272
    • /
    • 1999
  • In this paper we define generalized concepts of cardinal-ity of a fuzzy-valued function and obtained some properties of these new concepts.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.236-241
    • /
    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

A Study on Wave Transformation Analysis using Higher-Order Finite Element (고차유한요소의 파랑변형해석에의 적용에 관한 소고)

  • Jung, Tae-Hwa;Lee, Jong-In;Kim, Young-Taek;Ryu, Yong-Uk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
    • /
    • v.21 no.2
    • /
    • pp.108-116
    • /
    • 2009
  • The present study introduces a Legendre interpolation function which is capable of analyzing wave transformation effectively in a finite element method. A Lagrangian interpolation function has been mostly used for a finite element method with a higher-order interpolation function. Although this function has an advantage of giving an accurate result with less number of elements, simulation time increases. Calculation time can be reduced by mass lumping, whereas the accuracy of solution is lowered. In this study, we introduce a modified Lagrangian interpolation function, Legendre cardinal interpolation, which can reduce simulation time with keeping up favorable accuracy. Through various numerical simulations using a Boussinesq equations model, the superiority of the Legendre cardinal interpolation function to a Lagrangian interpolation function was shown.

Relative Risk Aversion and Stochastic-Statistical Dominance (상대적(相對的) 위험(危險)과 추계적(推計的)-통계적(統計的) 우세법칙(優勢法則))

  • Lee, Dae-Joo
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.33-44
    • /
    • 1989
  • This paper presents stochastic-statistical dominance rules which eliminate dominated alternatives thereby reduce the number of satisficing alternatives to a manageable size so that the decision maker can choose the best alternative among them when neither the utility function nor the probability distribution of outcomes is exactly known. Specifically, it is assumed that only the characteristics of the utility function and the value function are known. Also, it is assumed that prior probabilities of the mutually exclusive states of nature are not known, but their relative bounds are known. First, the notion of relative risk aversion is used to describe the decision maker's attitude toward risk, which is defined with the acknowledgement that the utility function of the decision maker is a composite function of a cardinal value function and a utility function with-respect to the value function. Then, stochastic-statistical dominance rules are developed to screen out dominated alternatives according to the decision maker's attitude toward risk represented in the form of the measure of relative risk aversion.

  • PDF

Comparison of Seed Germination Response to Temperature by Provenances in Fraxinus rhynchophylla (채취산지별 물푸레나무 종자의 온도에 대한 발아반응 비교)

  • Choi, Chung Ho;Seo, Byeong Soo;Tak, Woo Sik;Cho, Kyung Jin;Kim, Chang Soo;Han, Sang Urk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.97 no.6
    • /
    • pp.576-581
    • /
    • 2008
  • The germination responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla seeds collected from four provenances to constant temperature were investigated over the range $5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. Difference among seeds in percentage and rate of germination and cardinal temperatures was observed. The seeds from Inje had high germination percentage at low temperature ($5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$) whereas those from Gangneung had high germination percentage at high temperature ($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$). Three cardinal temperatures viz., the base ($T_b$), the maximum ($T_m$) and the optimum ($T_o$) for germination percentage and germination rate varied among four provenances. $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ for F. rhynchophylla seed germination as estimated by the quadratic models were the lowest in Inje while those were the highest in Gangneung. The cardinal temperatures ($T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$) were estimated by linear sub- and supra-optimal models for germination rate as a function of temperature response. $T_b$ was the lowest in Hoengseong while that was the highest in Gangneung. $T_m$ and $T_o$ were the lowest in Inje while those were also the highest in Gangneung. That is, the seeds from the provenance where the annual mean temperature was high had the higher cardinal temperatures ($T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$) as compared to seeds from the provenance where the annual mean temperature was low.

Activating Twenty-four: Time, Space, and Body

  • KOHN, Livia
    • Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.57-83
    • /
    • 2022
  • Numbers structure reality and define the way people live. Both in Daoism and in Daesoon Jinrihoe they signify key concepts, notably the cardinal numbers from one through nine that classify different dimensions of the cosmos. Beyond these, the number twenty-four plays an important role. In a temporal mode, it marks the divisions or seasonal periods of the year. Consisting of fifteen days each, these periods signal (and are named after) changes in dominant weather patterns and the position of the sun. Generally activated in the body through particular seasonal activities and dietary prescriptions, in Daoism they are also the root of a series of healing exercises and certain refinement practices of internal alchemy. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, moreover, they are activated by chanting a specific incantation that invokes the twenty-four divine rulers of the divisions, originally a group of Tang Dynasty officials that in nature and function resemble the spirit generals of the early Celestial Masters. Beyond this, the number twenty-four also applies to space. Not unlike the twenty-eight lunar stations or mansions, traditional cosmology acknowledges twenty-four directions, made up of six constellations each in the four cardinal directions, complete with starry deities and divine generals. Their powers are activated with the help of written characters rather than vocal incantations, using techniques common both in Daoism and Daesoon Jinrihoe.

TILT CORRECTION FOR A WIDE-FIELD ON-AXIS TELESCOPE USING THE SYMMETRICITY OF OPTICAL ABERRATIONS

  • Lee, Chung-Uk;Kim, Yunjong;Kim, Seung-Lee;Lee, Dong-Joo;Cha, Sang-Mok;Lee, Yongseok;Kim, Dong-Jin
    • Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
    • /
    • v.54 no.4
    • /
    • pp.113-119
    • /
    • 2021
  • It is difficult for observers to conduct an optical alignment at an observatory without the assistance of an optical engineer if optomechanical parts are to be replaced at night. We present a practical tilt correction method to obtain the optimal optical alignment condition using the symmetricity of optical aberrations of a wide-field on-axis telescope at night. We conducted coarse tilt correction by visually examining the symmetry of two representative star shapes obtained at two guide chips facing each other, such as east-west or north-south pairs. After coarse correction, we observed four sets of small stamp images using four guide cameras located at each cardinal position by changing the focus positions in 10-㎛ increments and passing through the optimum focus position in the range of ±200 ㎛. The standard deviation of each image, as a function of the focus position, was fitted with a second-order polynomial function to derive the optimal focus position at each cardinal edge. We derived the tilt angles from the slopes converted by the distance and the focus position difference between two paired guide chip combinations such as east-west and north-south. We used this method to collimate the on-axis wide-field telescope KMTNet in Chile after replacing two old focus actuators. The total optical alignment time was less than 30 min. Our method is practical and straightforward for maintaining the optical performance of wide-field telescopes such as KMTNet.