• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.71-72
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the fabrication of MLR (multi-layer resist) with a very thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer. ArF PR/$SiO_2$/DLC MLR structure was investigated and etching characteristics of the DLC layer was patterned using $SiO_2$ hard-mask by varying the process parameters such as different high-frequency/low-frequency combination ($f_{LF}/f_{HF}$), HF/LF power ratio ($P_{HF}/P_{LF}$), $O_2$ flow and $N_2$ flow rate in $O_2/N_2$/Ar plasmas. The results indicated an increased etch rate of DLC for the higher $f_{LF}/f_{HF}$ combination and for the increased low-frequency power ($P_{LF}$). And the etch rate of DLC was decreased with increasing the $N_2$ flow rate in $O_2/N_2$/Ar plasmas. In order to confirm the application of DLC MLR for the etching process of silicon oxide, the stack of ArF PR/BARC/$SiO_2$/DLC/TEOS/Si was investigated.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.320-322
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• 2017

그람 음성이며 긴 막대 모양의 betaproteobacteria에 속하는 GR16-43을 한강 발원지 검룡소에서 분리하였다. GR16-43 균주에 대한 유전체분석을 실시하였으며, G + C 비율이 67.12%인 4,806,848 bp 크기의 염기서열을 얻었다. 유전체 특징은 황산화와 관련된 다량의 유전자를 보유하고 있어 균주의 잠재적 중요성을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 GR16-43 균주가 빈영양 담수 환경에서의 적응 연구를 위한 유전체 정보를 제공한다.

• 세라미스트
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.388-405
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• 2018

In this paper, we review about current development of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries and catalysts for fuel cells. We scrutinized various electrode materials for cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries, which include the materials currently being used in the industry and candidates with high energy density. While layered, spinel, olivine, and rock-salt type inorganic electrode materials were introduced as the cathode materials, the Li metal, graphite, Li-alloying metal, and oxide compound have been discussed for the application to the anode materials. In the development of fuel cell catalysts, the catalyst structures classified according to the catalyst composition and surface structure, such as Pt-based metal nanoparticles, non-Pt catalysts, and carbon-based materials, were discussed in detail. Moreover, various support materials used to maximize the active surface area of fuel cell catalysts were explained. New electrode materials and catalysts with both high electrochemical performance and stability can be developed based on the thorough understanding of earlier studied electrode materials and catalysts.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.138-153
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• 2015

국내 문화재 생물피해 방제는 일반적으로 농약에서 유래한 화학적 약제를 사용한 충해 방제법이 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 인체와 환경에 대한 유해성 문제로 인해 Methyl oxide의 사용이 금지되는 등 화학적 약제의 사용이 점차 지양되고 있다. 이에 새로운 대체 약제의 탐색과 온도(고온 저온)처리, 저산소 처리, 이산화탄소 처리, 방사선 처리 등의 물리적 처리법에 대한 관심과 연구가 지속되었으나 현재까지 현실적인 평가 기준과 적용 방안이 정립되지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 1980년대 이후 국내 문화재 생물피해 방제법의 연혁과 현황을 정리하고 그간의 연구를 통한 대체약제 및 기술의 특징과 한계를 검토하여, 국내 문화재 생물피해 방제의 현황과 나아갈 방향을 고찰하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 바이오가스 기반 예혼합 압축착화(Homogeneous charged compression ignition, HCCI) 엔진에 수소를 첨가하였을 때, 연소실 내부 압력, 온도 배출가스에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 자세히는 수소 첨가량과 과다공기량(${\lambda}$) 변화에 따른 연소실 압력 온도, 그리고 생성물로서의 NO, $CO_2$ 배출 특성을 화학 반응 해석 프로그램을 사용하여 고찰하였다. 대상의 엔진은 2300cc 바이오가스 엔진 발전기로서 압축비 13:1, 발전량 15kW 급이다. 과급압은 1.2bar 고정 조건이며, rpm은 1800rpm의 정속 조건이다. 엔진 연소 방식은 예혼합 압축 착화를 모사하였다. 본 연구를 진행하기에 앞서 바이오가스의 주요 조성인 메탄의 연소 및 산화 메커니즘에 대한 선행 연구에 대한 고찰을 통하여 연소반응 메커니즘을 규명하기 위한 반응 메커니즘 연구 기술의 경향을 살펴보고, 본 연구에 적용 가능한 반응 메커니즘을 선정하여 해석을 진행하였다. 수소를 첨가할 때 NO는 증가하는 반면, $CO_2$등의 배출량은 감소하였고 실린더 내부 압력이 상승하며, 상승 구간이 진각 됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 희박영역에서 수소 첨가가 가연 한계를 증가시켰다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2021

Nitrogen applied to soil is highly prone to leaching and volatilization leading to gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and ammonia (NH₃) which are of great environmental concern. Usage of biochar to reduce the discharge of nitrogen to the environment has attracted much interest in the recent past. Biochar is produced by pyrolyzing various biomasses under oxygen-limited conditions. Biochar is a carbonized material with high adsorptive powers for not only plant nutrients but also heavy metals. The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of NH₄-N onto biochar made from pine needles. The biochar was produced at various pyrolysis temperatures including 300, 400 and 500℃ and holding times of 30 and 120 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm was used to evaluate the adsorption test results. The chemical properties of the biochar varied with the pyrolysis conditions. In particular, the pH, EC and total carbon content increased with the increasing pyrolysis conditions. The rate of adsorption of NH₄-N by the biochar decreased with the increasing pyrolysis conditions. Of these conditions, biochar that was pyrolyzed at 300℃ for 30 minutes showed the highest adsorption rate of approximately 0.071 mg·g^-1. Thus, the use of biochar pyrolyzed at low temperatures with a short holding time can most efficiently reduce ammonia emissions from agricultural land.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2021

Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicle exhaust might disrupt systemic function and elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the changes of cardiometabolic biomarkers among vehicle inspectors exposed daily to PM0.25 and components. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two vehicle inspection centers, Pulogadung and Ujung Menteng, located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. The exposed respondents were 43 workers from vehicle inspection centers, and the unexposed group consisted of 22 staff officers working in the same locations. Vehicle exhaust particulate matter was measured for eight hours using a Leland Legacy personal pump attached to a Sioutas Cascade Impactor. The used filters were 25 and 37-mm quartz filters. The particulate matter concentration was analyzed using a gravimetric method, whereas trace elements were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. An EEL Smoke Stain Reflectometer analyzed black carbon. Results: The personal exposure concentrations of PM0.25 were 10.4-fold higher than those in unexposed groups. Calcium and sulfur were the major components in the obtained dust, and their levels were 3.3- and 7.2-fold higher, respectively, in the exposed group. Based on an independent-samples t-test, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, HbA1c, total immunoglobulin E, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide levels were significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: In summary, it was suggested that PM0.25 exposure from vehicle exhaust might affect cardiometabolic biomarkers change.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2021

In this study, pure and Co3O4/CoFe2O4-loaded Indium oxide (In2O3) nanofibers were synthesized by the electrospinning of an Indium/Polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor solution containing cobalt and iron bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and subsequent heat treatment. The ethanol, toluene, p-xylene, benzene, carbon monodxide, and hydrogen gas sensing characteristics of the solution were measured at 250-400 ℃. 0.5 at%-Co3O4/CoFe2O4-loaded In2O3 nanofibers exhibited extreme response (resistance ratio - 1) to 5 ppm of ethanol (210.5) at 250 ℃ and excellent selectivity over the interfering gases. In contrast, pure In2O3 nanofibers exhibited relatively low responses to all the analyte gases and low selectivity above 250-400 ℃. The superior response and selectivity toward ethanol is explained by the catalytic roles of Co3O4 and CoFe2O4 in gas sensing reaction and the electronic sensitization induced by the formation of p (Co3O4/CoFe2O4)-n (In2O3) junctions.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2022

In a carbon-zero social atmospher, research is underway to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Interest in cleaner energy sources and their storage system is growing, and among them, research on effective energy storage is being actively conducted. Energy storage system(ESS) can be divided into secondary batteries, fuel cells, and capacitors, and the superiority of energy density of secondary batteries has a dominent influence on the ESS market. However, as problems with secondary batteries, charge/discharge speed, safety, and deterioration of electrodes are being highlighted. In this study, an electrode for supercapacitor with superior charge/discharge speed and specific capacitance is manufactured. The manufactured spinel nickel cobalt electrodes had specific capacitances of 1018.8 F/g, 690.8 F/g, and 475.1 F/g at 1 A/g in 1 M KOH electrolyte, and shows a performance retention rate of 77.48%, 63.30%, and 58.16% after 2000cycles at 7 A/g.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2022

A chemically sintered and binder-free paste of TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared using a binary-liquid mixture of 1-octanol and CCl₄. The 1:1 (v/v) complex of CCl₄ and 1-octanol easily interacted chemically with the TiO₂ NPs and induced the formation of a highly viscous paste. The as-prepared binary-liquid paste (P_BL)-based TiO₂ film exhibited the complete removal of the binary-liquid and residuals with the subsequent low-temperature sintering (~150℃) and UV-O₃ treatment. This facilitated the fabrication of TiO₂ photoanodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (f-DSSCs). For comparison purposes, pure 1-octanol-based TiO₂ paste (P_O) with moderate viscosity was prepared. The P_BL-based TiO₂ film exhibited strong adhesion and high mechanical stability with the conducting oxide coated glass and plastic substrates compared to the P_O-based film. The corresponding low-temperature sintered P_BL-based f-DSSC showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.5%, while it was 2.0% for P_O-based f-DSSC. The P_BL-based low- and high-temperature (500℃) sintered glass-based rigid DSSCs exhibited the PCE of 6.0 and 6.3%, respectively, while this value was 7.1% for a 500℃ sintered rigid DSSC based on a commercial (or conventional) paste.