• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.494-497
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• 1996

The effect of implanted nitrogen and carbon ion into SUS 304 on the absorption of hydrogen by cathodic chaging were studied. Implantations of $N^+$, $C^+$ were performed with doses of $3\times10^{17}$ ions $\textrm{cm}^2$ and $5\times10^{17}N^+cm^2$, and $5\times10^{17}C^+cm^2$, at an energy of 90 keV. Nitrides and carbide were investigatedby X-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Formation of hydrides during cathodic charging were depressed by a modified surface layer. It is concluded that the both nitrides and carbides act as the barrier of hydrogen migration and the catalyst of desorption of cathodically charged hydrogen.

• 분석과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-203
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• 1995

Fe-5.7% Al 합금에 탄소 및 미량 합금원소를 첨가하고 그 제진특성 변화를 결정립 크기 및 자기적 특성과 관련하여 관찰하였으며, 탄소의 거동을 XRD 및 EDS로 조사하였다. 이 합금은 강자성형 제진 양상을 나타냈고, 제3원소 첨가는 그 SDC를 악화시키며 특히 탄소는 현저하였다. 제진 특성은 결정립 크기와는 직접적인 상관관계가 없었고, 자기이력곡선 면적은 상관관계가 있었다. 탄소가 이 합금의 제진특성을 악화시키는 원인은 고용탄소에 의한 $90^{\circ}$ 자구벽의 고착이 주원인이었으며, 탄화물도 자구벽의 이동을 방해할 것이므로 제진특성에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 해석되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2006

Pd(CF3CO2)2-phosphine 및 Pd(CF3CO2)2-sulfide 계를 촉매로 사용하여 styrene의 아릴화반응을 연구하였다. 주 생성물인 trans-stilbene의 수율은 phosphine 치환체의 염기도가 증가할수록 높아졌고 입체장애가 클수록 낮아졌다. arylphosphine에서 styrene으로 aryl 기가 이동하는 현상은 동일한 arylphosphine에 대하여 Pd(CF3CO2)2의 경우가 더 높은 염기도를 가진 Pd(CH3CO2)2의 경우보다 더 많이 나타났으므로 이 반응은 Pd 이온이 먼저 aryl 기에 공격을 하는 친전자성 메커니즘에 의해 진행된다고 본다. 한편 Pd(CF3CO2)2-sulfide보다 Pd(CF3CO2)2-phosphine 계가 더 효과적인 촉매로 작용하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1992년도 폐기물 매립지의 공학적 특성과 개량기술
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• pp.33-66
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• 1992

Recently, waste landfills built on seashores have been increased because of the easy availability of broad area near the urban communities. To evaluate the performance of the marine clay landfill liner numerical contaminant transport analyses are performed by selecting the typical section of a waste landfill built on seashores and using hydraulic conductivity data obtained from the site. Also, the laboratory electrical resistivity test and the in-situ corrosion test are performed in order to analyze the influence of the soil and leachates composing the landfills on the construct ion materials. From the results of contaminant transport analyses, it is shown that the leachates can be migrated faster through narrow pervious channels than the wide homogeneous pervious tedium and the importance of good quality barriers to prevent the contaminant migration is recognized. In the laboratory electrical resistivity test all the earth materials except the cover soils saturated with distilled water have small resistivities, which shows a high potential of corrosivity of soils composing landfills. However, the degree of corrosion of specimens buried in the landfills was not so severe except the zinc and carbon steel specimens. This apparently conflict results present the necessity of the investigation of other major factors and the long term in-situ corrosion test.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.279-296
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• 2022

The fundamental characteristics of groundwater colloids, such as composition, concentration, size, and stability, were analyzed using granitic groundwater samples taken from the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel (KURT) site by such analytical methods as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, field emission-transmission electron microscopy, a liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector, and dynamic light scattering technique. The results show that the KURT groundwater colloids are mainly composed of clay minerals, calcite, metal (Fe) oxide, and organic matter. The size and concentration of the groundwater colloids were 10-250 nm and 33-64 ㎍·L^-1, respectively. These values are similar to those from other studies performed in granitic groundwater. The groundwater colloids were found to be moderately stable under the groundwater conditions of the KURT site. Consequently, the groundwater colloids in the fractured granite system of the KURT site can form stable radiocolloids and increase the mobility of radionuclides if they associate with radionuclides released from a radioactive waste repository. The results provide basic data for evaluating the effects of groundwater colloids on radionuclide migration in fractured granite rock, which is necessary for the safety assessment of a high-level radioactive waste repository.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1892-1912
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• 2022

With the massive demand and growth of cloud computing, virtualization plays an important role in providing services to end-users efficiently. However, with the increase in services over Cloud Computing, it is becoming more challenging to manage and run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud Computing because of excessive power consumption. It is thus important to overcome these challenges by adopting an efficient technique to manage and monitor the status of VMs in a cloud environment. Reduction of power/energy consumption can be done by managing VMs more effectively in the datacenters of the cloud environment by switching between the active and inactive states of a VM. As a result, energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, leading to green cloud computing. The proposed Efficient Dynamic VM Scheduling approach minimizes Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and manages VM migration by lowering the energy consumption effectively along with the balanced load. In the proposed work, VM Scheduling for Efficient Dynamically Migrated VM (VMS-EDMVM) approach first detects the over-utilized host using the Modified Weighted Linear Regression (MWLR) algorithm and along with the dynamic utilization model for an underutilized host. Maximum Power Reduction and Reduced Time (MPRRT) approach has been developed for the VM selection followed by a two-phase Best-Fit CPU, BW (BFCB) VM Scheduling mechanism which is simulated in CloudSim based on the adaptive utilization threshold base. The proposed work achieved a Power consumption of 108.45 kWh, and the total SLA violation was 0.1%. The VM migration count was reduced to 2,202 times, revealing better performance as compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of surface-treatment by zinc salts on break-through and adsorption capacity of toluene. Firstly, the coconut activated carbon treated the surface with zinc salts, were exposed by the spike sample(toluene, 69.02ppm, $260.1mg/m^3$), and then the effects of zinc salts were examined by using the gas adsorption kinetics. The results obtained were as follows : 1) BET(Brumaure Emmett Teller) surface area were $954.4m^3/g$ in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$, and $830.3m^2/g$ in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$. 2) Migration was decreased in coconut activated carbon treated with the thin level of zinc salts. 3) Breakthrough volume were 73.07 L in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$, and 72.76 L in charcoal treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$. 4) ${\tau}$ values(the time required for 50% breakthrough) were 1046.1 min in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$ and 921.2 min in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$. 5) Maximum adsorption capacity was 53.9 mg/tube in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$ and 47.4 mg/tube in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$. In conclusion, the coconut activated carbon treated the surface with the thin concentration of zinc salts, decreased the breakthrough and increased the BET surface area and the adsorption capacity in case of sampling airborne toluene.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2020

전자기기의 고도화 및 소형화에 따라, 기기의 효율 및 수명에 영향을 미치는 발열 문제를 해결하는 것은 가장 큰 해결 난제 중 하나가 되었다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 금속 및 세라믹 기반의 높은 열전도도를 가지는 재료가 많이 사용되어 왔으나, 낮은 기계적 물성 및 높은 중량으로 인해 가벼우면서도 기계적 특성이 좋은 고분자를 기지재로 사용하고 높은 열전도도를 갖는 탄소재료를 필러로 사용한 열전도성 복합재가 주목받고 있다. 열전도성 복합재의 열전도도를 향상시키기 위해서는 효과적인 포논의 이동이 이루어지도록 포논 산란이 억제되야한다. 본 논문에서는 탄소재료/고분자 복합재의 포논 이동 및 산란 억제에 관련된 연구를 분류하고, 열전도도 향상을 위하여 적용된 다양한 방법들에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1982

에탄의 회전 장벽에 미치는 두개의 탄소 원자의 영향을 알아보기 위해 6개의 수소만으로 이루어진 탄소가 없는 에탄올 모델로 택하여 이 모델 분자의 Staggered 및 eclipsed꼴의 에너지를 McWeeny의 open-shell RHF-SCF방법으로 계산하고,staggred에서 eclipsed로 꼴이 변할때의 천이밀도를 조사 하였다. 예상대로 모델 분자에서는 ecliped꼴이 staggered꼴보다 안정하였다. 이 탄소없는 에탄의 천이 밀도와 실제 에탄의 천이 밀도를 비교 분석하여, 에탄의 회전 장벽은 중심축 위치에 있는 두개의 탄소 원자로 인해 staggered에서 eclipsed꼴로 변함에 따라 수소 원자 주위의 전자 밀도가 희석되고, 탄소 원자 주위와 탄소-탄소 결합 공간으로 끌리므로 해서, 전자 에너지 감소가 핵간 반발 에너지의 증가를 상쇄하지 못하는데 기인한다는 것을 알게 되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2023

In lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, encapsulation of sulfur in activated carbon (AC) materials is a promising strategy for preventing the dissolution of lithium polysulfide into electrolytes and enhancing cycle life, because instead of solid-liquid-solid reactions, quasi-solid-state (QSS) reactions occur in the AC micropores. While a high weight fraction of sulfur in S/AC composites is essential for achieving a high energy density of Li-S cells, the deterioration mechanisms under such conditions are still unclear. In this study, we report the deterioration mechanisms during charge-discharge cycling when the discharge products overflow from the AC. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry confirms that the sulfur in the S/AC composites migrates outside the AC as cycling progresses, and it is barely present in the AC after 20 cycles, which corresponds to the capacity decay of the cell. Impedance analysis clearly shows that the electrical resistance of the S/AC composite and the charge-transfer resistance of QSS reactions significantly increase as a result of sulfur migration. On the other hand, the charge-discharge cycling performance under limited-capacity conditions, where the discharge products are encapsulated inside the AC, is extremely stable. These results reveal the degradation mechanism of a Li-S cell with micro-porous carbon and provide crucial insights into the design of a S/AC composite cathode and its operating conditions needed to achieve stable cycling performance.