• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.854-860
• /
• 1997

The tribological property of ceramics is very important for use in seal rings, pump parts, thread guides and mechanical seal, etc. In the present study, which RBSC/graphite composites were manufactured by adding graphite powders with different particle sizes to mixtures of SiC powder, metallic silicon, carbon black and alumina, effects on the tribological property of each RBSC/graphite composite was investigated in accordance with the particle size of the added graphite powder. The water absorption, the bending strength and the resistance for the friction and wear were measured, and the crystalline phase and the microstructure were respectively examined by using XRD and SEM. In case that the particle size of the graphite powder was fine(2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), the formation of $\beta$-SiC was accelerated, thereby making the increase of the bending strength and the decrease of the water absorption, but no improvement for the tribological properties. Furthermore, in case that the particle size of the graphite powder was some large(88~149${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), the formation of $\beta$-SiC was not accelerated, to thereby make the decrease of the bending strength and the increase of the water absorption, but the improvement for the tribological property of only the composite having the graphite powder of 20 vol%. In addition, in case that the particle size distribution of the graphite powder was large (under 53 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), there was no improvement for every properties. However, the composites, which the graphite powder with the particle size of 53~88 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was added in 10~15 vol%, had the most increased resistance for the friction and wear which show the worn out amount of 0.4~0.6$\times$10-3 $\textrm{cm}^2$, and the value of the bending strength is 380~520 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2016

Porous $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared by dry-wet spinning/sintering method. The SEM image shows that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane consists mostly of sponge pore structure. The contact angle and the breakthrough pressure were $126^{\circ}$ and 1.91 bar, respectively. This results indicate that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully modified to hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic modified $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were assembled into a membrane contactor system to separate $CO_2$ from a model gas mixture of the flue gas at elevated gas velocity. The $CO_2$ absorption flux was enhanced when the gas velocity increased from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $6{\times}10^{-3}$ m/s. Whereas the $CO_2$ absorption flux was decreased with the number of hollow fiber membrane of a module because of the concentration polarization. Furthermore, we developed an lab-scale $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane contactor modules and their system (i.e., $CO_2$ absorption using the $Al_2O_3$ membrane and monoethanolamine (MEA)) that could dispose of over $0.02Nm^3/h$ mixture gas (15% $CO_2$) with the removal efficiency higher than 95%. The results can be useful in a field of the membrane contactor for $CO_2$ separation, helping to design and extend a equipment.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.317-318
• /
• 2023

This study is part of the carbonation degree DB accumulation through quantitative analysis of carbonation depth, Ca(OH)₂ and CO₂ according to the type of finish and years of use of old concrete structures in order to predict the amount of CO₂ that can be absorbed through carbonation of concrete. To this end, the depth of carbonation of the concrete core specimen is measured using an indicator, and the dry amount of water combined with CO₂ in the sample is measured using a differential thermal gravimetric analyzer for samples in the carbonation area and non-carbonated area classified by the indicator, and the absorption compared to the weight of the sample. The amount of absorbed CO₂ was calculated. In addition, the degree of carbonation was calculated through quantitative comparison of Ca(OH)₂ in the carbonation section and non-carbonation section. In the future, we will continue to add the survey and analysis data of dismantled structures and use them as basic data for estimating the amount of carbon dioxide that can be absorbed according to the exposure conditions and years of use by concrete mix.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.485-494
• /
• 2000

지구 온난화에 대하여 55% 이상의 영향을 미치는 $CO_2$ 제어에 관심이 고조되고 있는 가운데 $CO_2$ 저감을 위한 새로운 기술들이 개발중이다. 특히 저농도의 $CO_2$ 분리 및 회수를 위해서는 화학적 흡수법이 유용하다 본 연구에서는 입체적으로 감추어진 아민 AMP(2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol)에 piperazine을 첨가한 혼합흡수제를 이용하여 stirred vessel 에서 $2.0kmol/m^3$ AMP수용액에 piperazine의 농도 $0{\sim}0.4kmol/m^3$, 반응온도 $30{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. $CO_2$ 분압 10.130~20.260 kPa등의 조건에서 실험을 하여 $CO_2$와 혼합흡수제간의 동역학적 특성을 조사하여 다 음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 온도가 싱승함에 따라 piperazine을 첨가한 흡수제와 첨가하지 않은 흡수제 사이의 흡수속도 차이가 더욱 크게 나타났으며 이 사실은 piperazine의 활성화에너지 57.147 kJ/mol이 AMP의 활성화에너지 $E_2$ 41.7 kJ/mol보다 크기 때문에 고온으로 갈수록 흡수속도에 대한 piperazine의 가여도가 증가하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 2) 단일 흡수제 AMP $2.0kmol/m^3$에 piperazine 농도를 $0.4kmol/m^3$까지 첨가시켰을 때 단일 AMP 흡수제에 대해 $30^{\circ}C$ 에서 최소 6.33%, $70^{\circ}C$에서 최대 12% 정도의 흡수속도 향상을 얻을 수 있으므로 신흡수제의 반응성괄 비교해 볼 때 기존의 흡수제보다 우수하다고 볼 수 있다. 3) 혼합흡수제의 $CO_2$ 실험에서 piperazine과 $CO_2$와의 반응속도 상수는 30, 40, 50, $70^{\circ}C$에서 각각 217.21, 420.46, 707.00, $3162.167m^3/kmol{\cdot}s$였으며 MDEA에 piperazine을 첨가하여 행한Xu 실험에서 30, 40, 55, $70^{\circ}C$에서 얻은 1867, 367.32. 693.01, $2207.65m^3/kmol{\cdot}s$값과 비교하여 볼 때 $30{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ 모든 범위에서 높게 나타났으며 AMP와 piperazine의 혼합흡수제에서 piperazine 반응속도상수 $k_p$는 In $k_p$=28.324-6934.7/T로 표현된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.56-56
• /
• 2010

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted much attention as a promising material for transparent conducting films (TCFs), due to their superior electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and complete flexibility as well as their one-dimensional morphological features of extremely high length-to-diameter ratios. This study investigated three kinds of SWCNTs with different purities: as-produced SWCNTs (AP-SWCNTs), thermally purified SWCNTs (TH-SWCNTs), thermally and acid purified SWCNTs (TA-SWCNTs). The purity of each SWCNT sample was assessed by considering absorption peaks in the semiconducting ($S_{22}$) and metallic ($M_{11}$) tubes with UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy and a metal content with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The purity increased as proceeding the purification stages from the AP-SWCNTs through the thermal purification to the acid purification. The samples containing different contents of SWCNTs were dispersed in water using sodium dodecyl benzensulfate (SDBS). Aqueous suspensions of different purities of SWCNTs were prepared to have similar absorbances in UV-Vis absorption measurements so that one can make the TCFs possess similar optical transmittances irrespective of the SWCNT purity. Transparent conductive SWCNT networks were formed by spraying an SWCNT suspension onto a poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) substrate. As expected, the TCFs fabricated with AP-SWCNTs showed very high sheet resistances. Interestingly, the TH-SWCNTs gave lower sheet resistances to the TFCs than the TA-SWCNTs although the latter was of higher purity in the SWCNT content than the former. The TA-SWCNTs would be shortened in length and be more bundled by the acid purification, relative to the TH-SWCNTs. For both purified (TH, TA) samples, the subsequent nitric acid ($HNO_3$) treatment greatly lowered the sheet resistances of the TCFs, but almost eliminated the difference of sheet resistances between them. This seems to be because the electrical conductivity increased not only due to further removal of surfactants but also due to p-type doping upon the acid treatment. The doping effect was likely to overwhelm the effect of surfactant removal. Although the nitric acid treatment resulted in the similar. electrical properties to the two samples, the TCFs of TH-SWCNTs showed much lower sheet resistances than those of the TA-SWCNTs prior to the acid treatment.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제107권2호
• /
• pp.140-150
• /
• 2018

산림에서 온실가스 동태를 모의하기 위해서는 탄소 및 질소 순환을 종합적으로 모의하는 모델을 활용할 필요가 있다. 국내에는 한국형 산림 탄소 모델인 FBDC 모델이 개발되어 탄소 저장량 및 변화량을 추정하고 타당성 검토도 진행된 바 있으나, 질소 순환을 모의하는 모델의 개발 사례는 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문헌조사를 바탕으로 우리나라의 실정에 적합한 산림 탄소 및 질소 결합 모델의 개발방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 VISIT, Biome-BGC, Forest-DNDC, O-CN 등 모델의 일반적 특징, 구조, 생태적 과정, 입력 자료, 출력 자료, 탄소 및 질소 순환의 결합 방법을 분석하였으며, FBDC 모델의 구조와 특징도 분석하였다. 이러한 모델을 분석한 결과 기존의 탄소 순환 모델에 질소 순환 구조를 결합하여 개발된 VISIT 모델을 참고하여, FBDC 모델과 질소 순환 구조를 결합하는 방식으로 새로운 모델을 설계할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 그리고 새로 개발될 모델이 토양 $N_2O$ 배출을 모의하기 위해서는 질소 순환 구조에 VISIT과 Forest-DNDC 모델에서 공통적으로 모의하는 생태적 과정들이 포함될 필요가 있다. 또한 모든 국외 모델들은 임목의 탄소와 질소 흡수, 고사유기물의 분해 과정을 중심으로 탄소 및 질소 순환을 유기적으로 연결하고 있으며, 이러한 연결 구조를 FBDC 모델과 질소 순환 구조의 결합에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 한편 모델 개발에 필요한 기상, 토성, 수종 분포 등의 입력 자료는 국내에서 확보할 수 있으나, 토양에서 배출되는 $N_2O$에 대한 검증 자료와 질소 순환과 관련된 일부 파라미터 자료는 현지조사를 통하여 확보해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2023

화학적 CO₂ 흡수 공정에 많이 사용되는 모노에탄올아민(MEA)을 사용하여 매립지가스(LFG)에서 이산화탄소(CO₂)를 포집하여 매립지가스를 이용한 발전용 엔진의 열효율을 증가시키고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. LFG를 에너지원으로 사용하는 것은 온실가스 배출량을 줄이는 수단이 될 수 있기 때문에 MEA를 이용하여 LFG 중의 CO₂를 줄이고 CH₄의 농도를 높여 발전 효율을 향상시킬 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 MEA 용액에서 CO₂와 CH₄의 용해도를 측정하고 다양한 조건에서 용해도를 높이고 용해 특성을 분석하기 위해 실험을 수행했다. 그 결과 반응 가스에 대한 MEA의 비율이 증가함에 따라 CO₂ 흡수율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. CO₂ 용해도를 최대화하기 위한 최적의 MEA 농도가 있으며, 이 농도 이상으로 농도를 높여도 용해도가 크게 향상되지 않았다. 본 연구는 온실가스 배출량을 줄이면서 LFG에서 CO₂를 포집하고 CH₄의 농도를 높여 보다 실용적인 연료를 개발할 수 있는 기반 연구를 수행했다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 2009

Thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with various thicknesses were fabricated, and their optical and electrical properties were investigated. The SWNTs of various thicknesses were directly coated in the arc-discharge chamber during the synthesis and then thermally and chemically purified. The crystalline quality of the SWNTs was improved by the purification processes as determined by Raman spectroscopy measurements. The resistance of the film is the lowest for the chemically purified SWNTs. The resistance vs. thickness measurements reveal the percolation thickness of the SWNT film to be $\sim$50 nm. Optical absorption coefficient due to Beer-Lambert is estimated to be $7.1{\times}10^{-2}nm^{-1}$. The film thickness for 80% transparency is about 32 nm, and the sheet resistance is 242$\Omega$/sq. The authors also confirmed the relation between electrical conductance and optical conductance with very good reliability by measuring the resistance and transparency measurements.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.579-586
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this paper were to monitor the temperature rising courses and spark discharge of the modified granular activated carbon (GAC) by microwave (MW) irradiation and to evaluate absorption of benzene. The GAC coated on $SiO_2$, boron, talc, ferrite was named as the modified GAC. Thermal and spark discharge measurement of virgin GAC and modifed GAC has been carried out using a MW device operating at 2450 MHz under various energy conditions. The results of this paper as follows. First, the modified GAC is more efficient than the virgin GAC in temperature control. Temperature gradient of the modified GAC is more lower than that of virgin GAC. The temperature gradient of GAC was observed in the following order : virgin GAC, Mn-Zn ferrite/GAC, Ni-Zn ferrite,/GAC, $SiO_2/GAC$, Boron/GAC, Talc/GAC. Second, the spark discharge of the modified GAC was diminished, compared with that of virgin GAC. Because of its excellent electrical insulating properties, the coating material prevents the spark discharge. Finally, the benzene adsorption capacity of the modified GAC decreased due to diminishing of adsorption site by the coating material. Considering the temperature gradient and spark discharge of GAC, the GAC coated $SiO_2$ would be appropriate absorbent under irradiation of MW.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.539-553
• /
• 2016

Polymer concrete (PC) has been favoured over Portland cement concrete when low permeability, high adhesion, and/or high durability against aggressive environments are required. In this research, a new class of PC incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) is introduced. Four PC mixes with different MWCNTs contents were examined. MWCNTs were carefully dispersed in epoxy resin and then mixed with the hardener and aggregate to produce PC. The impact strength of the new PC was investigated by performing low-velocity impact tests. Other mechanical properties of the new PC including compressive, flexural, and shear strengths were also characterized. Moreover, microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of PC incorporating MWCNTs was performed. Impact test results showed that energy absorption of PC with 1.0 wt% MWCNTs by weight of epoxy resin was significantly improved by 36 % compared with conventional PC. Microstructural analysis demonstrated evidence that MWCNTs significantly altered the chemical structure of epoxy matrix. The changes in the microstructure lead to improvements in the impact resistance of PC, which would benefit the design of various PC structural elements.