• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1999

The nutritional status of 125 preschool children(Female : 56, Male : 69) residing in low income area of Seoul was surveyed. The mean family size was 4.3 and the mean monthly income was 921,000 won which was below the poverty level. Average heights of boys aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 98.6cm, 106.1cm, 111.9cm and 116.0cm and those for girls were 99.4cm, 106.4cm, 110.9cm, and 116.0cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the height of boys and girls. The proportion of children showing stunted growth(<90% of Korean standard of height) was 3.2%. The mean weight of boys for each age group(3, 4, 5, 6) were not significantly differient from that of girls. The proportion of children assessed as moderately underweight (<80-90% of Korean Standard of weight) was 10.4% and 3.2% of children was underweight(<80% of weight standard). The group of children aged 3 were taking adequate energy, whereas the mean energy intake of children aged 4.5 and 6 were within 77.3-78.6% of RDA. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 60.1%, 24.6% and 15.3%. The high proportion of energy derived from fat seems partly due to high energy intake from fat in the snack. The nutrients which did not meet 75% of the RDA were vitamin A and calcium for children aged 5, and iron for children aged 3 to 5. Carbohydrate intake was positively correlated with the height, weight and girth of chest(P<0.05-P<0.001). There was positive correlation between protein intake and weight, girth of chest and BMI, respectively(P<0.05). Iron intake showed positive relationship with height, weight and BMI(P<0.05).

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

Possible correlations between nutrient intake add health status-as assessed by anthropometric measurements, physical performance and biochemical measurements-were investigated, using 514 healthy young men aged 20 years old who had no apparent health problems. The intakes of nutrients were estimated using a three-day dietary recall method. Height and body weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Physical performance was tested using sit-ups, push-ups, a loom sprint and a 1,500m run. When compared with the Korean recommended dietary allowances (Korean RDA), the subjects nutrient intakes were adequate except for calcium. The intake of calcium was 516.66$\pm$293.43mg/day, which is 73.80 % of the Korean RDA. The subjects averaged 174.51$\pm$7.07cm in height, 68.17$\pm$9.25 kg in body weight and 22.23$\pm$2.16 in BMI. The associations between nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements, and between nutrient intakes and physical performance, were weak. The intake of vegetable fat was positively correlated to body weight, whereas the intake of carbohydrate was negatively correlated to BMI. The intake of carbohydrate was positively correlated to the level of performance in the loom sprint, and the intake of vegetable Int was positively correlated to the level of performance of sit-ups. No correlation was found between nutrient intakes and the following biochemical measurements of the blood: the levels of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin and hematocrit. These results suggest that anthropometric measurements and level of physical performance can be associated with energy nutrient intakes, even in moderately active, well-nourished, young men. No correlation was found between nutrient intake and biochemical measurements, probably because all subjects had a reasonably well-balanced diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.10-24
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• 1977

The effects of dietary cellulose to utilize the intake nutrients in the albino rats were investigated by the two consecutive experiments in this study. The author wanted to observe the effects of the age of animals and different level of dietary cellulose, high and low in the first experiment and the effects of dietary cellulose from three different sources, rice bran, vegetable and pure-cellulose at high level in the second experiment. The results were summarized as follows. (1) The obvious effect of dietary cellulose caused to increase feces weight. Consequently apparent digestibilities of intake nutrients in the diet decreased. It was noteworthy that fecal glucose excretion was significantly affected by cellulose intake. Since three nutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate serve as energy sources in the body, this result can be interpreted to be lowered in the efficiency of energy utilization out of intake from the diet. (2) The nutrients loss due to dietary cellulose resulted in reduction of skeletal muscle and bone weights which lead eventually to affect in reduction of body weight. (3) The effects of dietary cellulose showed differently according to the amount of cellulose ingested, dietary nutrients composition, the kinds of dietary cellulose supplemented and the age of experimental animals. When the intake diet was proportionately imbalanced in three different energy sources, carbohydrate, fat and protein, the cellulose intake was adversely affected in the utilization of the nutrients in the body. Cellulose from rice bran decreased body weight gain, cellulose from vegetable maintained medium level in body weight and pure-cellulose increased body weight. Growing rats showed more sensitive effects of cellulose tolerance in the body than grown rats in every concerns of this experiment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.258-271
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• 1987

This survey of 527 children, aged 4 to 6 years, focused on family and dietary environment, nutritional status and personality. It was conducted from June to October, 1986. The results showed that 68.0%(breakfast)and 55.4% (evening meal ) of the subjects indicated they had meals with the family everyday. Analysis of the nutritional status children showed all nutrient intake except protein an diron was insufficient compared with RDA. Carbohydrate provided 58.3% of total calorie intake ; protein accounted for 15.7% . fat provided 26.0%. There was a positive relation between income and nutrient intake. Children with employed mothers showed lower nutrient intake than children with unemployed mothers. Food attitude was positively related to nutrient intake, nutrient intake of children with good eating behavior was higher than that of children had poor eating behavior . Activity level had a significant correlation with intake of calories, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and Vitamin B$_2$. Mood was correlated with intake of protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin C.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of elementary school lunch programs. The subjects of this study consisted of 170 elementary school students(male 51.8% : female 48.2%) in the 5th and 6th grades. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by the modified 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows: the average body weight was 41.3$\pm$7.93kg for boys and 40.5$\pm$ 8.35kg for girls. The average height was 149.5$\pm$5.88cm for boys and 146.2$\pm$5.82cm for girls. The total daily energy and nutrient intake was below the RDA's except for the intake of niacin and ascorbic acid. School lunchs provided 31.5% of total energy intake ; 32.5% of carbohydrate intake, 31.9% of protein intake and 33.4% of fat intake. Therefore, school lunchs largely contributed to the nutritional balance of these children. The food habit score was poor for 40.6% of the subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to compare visual observation and an electronic grazing time method and to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans on intake, grazing behavior and horizontal and vertical locomotion of young bulls in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine Nellore young bulls with an average body weight of $345{\pm}9.3$ kg kept in pasture were used. The experimental treatments consisted of: restricted: animals kept in a plot with a low mass of forage receiving mineral mixture only; control: animals receiving mineral mixture only; HPHC: a high protein and high carbohydrate supplement; HPLC: a high protein and low carbohydrate supplement; LPHC: a low protein and high carbohydrate supplement; LPLC: a low protein and low carbohydrate supplement. GPS collars equipped with activity sensors were used. Information about head position, latitude, longitude and altitude were recorded. Daytime grazing behavioral patterns monitored by a continuous focal animal recording method was compared to behavior estimated by the activity sensor. Feed intake was estimated by a marker method. The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) intake of dry matter and TDN. However, difference in dry matter intake was not found (p>0.05) between non-supplemented and supplemented animals. Difference was not found (p>0.05) in daytime grazing time obtained by visual observation or the activity sensor method. The restricted group showed longer (p<0.05) grazing time (9.58 h/d) than other groups, but difference was not found (p>0.05) in the grazing time between Control (8.35 h/d) and supplemented animals (8.03 h/d). The Restricted group presented lower (p<0.05) horizontal locomotion distance (2,168 m/d) in comparison to other groups (2,580.6 m/d). It can be concluded that the use of activity sensor methods can be recommended due to their being similar to visual observation and able to record 24-h/d. While supplements with high carbohydrates reduce pasture intake, they do not change grazing behavior. Moderate supplementation (until 50% of protein requirement and 30% of energy requirement) of beef cattle on tropical pasture has no effect on daily locomotion.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

식생활은 지역, 경제, 문화 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 다른 양상을 나타낸다. 1960년 이후 한국의 경제는 급속도로 성장했고, 사회적으로도 많은 변화를 가져왔으며 한국인의 영양상태 또한 급격하게 변화하고 있다. 같은 동양권에서 한국과 일본의 식생활은 많은 유사점을 갖고 있으며 또한 시대별로 비슷한 경향의 식생활 변화를 나타내고 있다. 한국의 영양소별 섭취량은 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질은 일본을 앞서고 있으며, 지방은 일본이 한국에 비해 섭취량이 2배 이상 많았다. 에너지의 영양소별 섭취 구성비의 연차적 추이를 보면, 양국 모두 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 감소하고 있고 단백질, 지방의 섭취비율은 증가하였다. 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 구성비가 일본은 59 : 15 : 26으로 적정수준에 도달해 있고, 한국은 67 : 19 : 14로 일본에 비해 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 높고 지방의 섭취 비율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식품 공급은 총량은 양국 모두 증가 추세이고, 공급 단백질 중 동물성 단백질이 일본은 45g, 한국은 30.7g이고, 공급 지질 중 유지류는 일본은 39g, 한국은 29g으로 동물성 식품과 유지류의 섭취가 한국에 비해 일본이 높았다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing nutritional status of women of child-bearing age. Computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that reflect intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein was developed for women of child-bearing age. This FFQ is composed of 61 foods or food groups containing 192 dish items. To estimate of energy intake easily, we have developed a computer program that can be viewed on a computer screen in an actual size of dish items. Nutrient intakes of the last three months by the FFQ was validated with comparing the result of a 3-day diet record through 92 college students aged from 20 to 30. The level of energy, carbohydrate and sodium of estimating by the FFQ method was significantly higher than the level of a 3-day diet records method (p < 0.01). Pearson's correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.50 for carbohydrate (p < 0.01), 0.55 for energy (p < 0.01) and 0.56 for protein (p < 0.01). Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.53 for carbohydrate (p < 0.01), 0.55 for energy (p < 0.01) and 0.52 for protein (p < 0.01). The percent of subject in the lowest quartile in a 3-day diet record belonged to the first and second lowest quartile in food frequency questionnaire is 78.2% in energy, 91.3% in carbohydrate, 78.2% in protein, 69.5% in fat. Also, the percent of subject in the highest quartile in a 3-day diet record belong to the first and second highest quartile in food frequency questionnaire is 78.3% in energy, 73.9% in carbohydrate, 82.6% in protein, and 73.9% in fat. On the whole, the result of this study seemed to be in good agreement with other studies. Therefore, the FFQ developed by this study is considered to be a reliable tool to assess nutrients and food intakes for women of child-bearing age.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the correlations between dietary intakes or anthropometric parameters and the plasma lipid level. measurements of dali nutrients intake, body weight, height, body bass index, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were made to each of 124 healthy adult(25-59yrs) : 56 males and 65 females. The mean energy and nutrients intake, anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid levels were all in normal range. In females, the fat and protein intake, the amount and percents to total energy intake, had positive association with the plasma total lipid, but the energy percent from carbohydrate intake was correlated negatively. And body mass index positively correlated with plasma total lipid level, in male and female, Therefore we could postulated the dietary fat intake and body mass index affected to plasma lipid levels in normal conditions of healthy adult.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of various dietary methods. Dietary intake of 24 patients on regular diet was investigated by three methods. One method was a precise weighing method, the others were 24-hour dietary recall method and convenient dietary questionnaries. The results obtained are summarized as followes ; 1) There were no significant differences in mean nutrient intake of subjects among three dietary survey methods. 2) The validity coefficient between the precise weighing method and 24-hour recall method, ranging from 0.26(fat) to 0.59(carbohydrate) showed significant correlation for carbohydrate, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic and intakes. 3) The validity coefficient between precise weighting method and covenient dietary questionnaires, ranging from 0.14(fat) to 0.80(vitamin A), showed a significant correlation for most nutrients. 4) Female showed higher correlation between the precise weighing method and 24-hour recall method than male subjects for most nutrients. However, there was no significant sexual difference of correlation between weighing method and convenient method. 5) The correlation coefficient between the precise weighing method and the other two methods by age group showed younger sujbects have a higher significant correlation than older subjects for most nutrients.