• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 28.1±3.7 g, Length 10.0±1.0 cm) were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at 0, 2.0×10⁴, 2.0×10⁵, 2.0×10⁶, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml for 2 weeks. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) at 2 weeks of C. carassius challenged with A. hydrophila was 19.776×10⁵ CFU/ml. In hematological parameters, the hemoglobin and RBC counts were significantly decreased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas there was no significant change in hematocrit. The inorganic plasma components such as magnesium and calcium were significantly decreased. In organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas total protein was significantly decreased. In enzymatic plasma components, ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge. The results of this study suggest that the A. hydrophila challenge to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as deadly pathogenic bacteria.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2001

Genomic DNA from the blood of crucian carp(Carassius carassiu) from lake and aquaculture facility in Kunsan, Korea was extracted in order to identify genetic differences by polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs(PCR-RAPD). Out of 12 primers, 6 generated 266 highly reproducible RAPD markers, producing approximately 2.1 polymorphic bands per primer in crucian carp from lake. The degree of similarity varied from 0.18 to 0.76 as calculated by bandsharing analysis in crucian carp from lake. The RAPD outlines obtained with DNA of two different crucian carp populations from Kunsan were different(0.47 from lake and 0.70 from aquaculture facility, respectively). The electrophoretic analysis of polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs(PCR-RAPD) products showed high levels of similarity between different individuals in crucian carp from aquaculture facility. This result implies the genetic similarity due to raising in the same environmental condition or inbreeding within the crucian carp from aquaculture facility in Kunsan. In other words, crucian carp may have high levels of genome DNA diversity due to the introduction of the wild population from the other sites of Knsan even if it may be the geographical diverse distribution of this species. Generally, the RAPD polymorphism generated by these primers may be useful as a genetic marker for strain or population identification of important aquacultural fish species, crucian carp. However, in future, additional populations and sampling sites will be necessary to complement weak points.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2022

Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 42.4 ± 9.0 g, Length 15.0 ± 1.0 cm) were exposed to waterborne zinc at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg Zn²⁺/l for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) at 96 hours of crucian carp, C. carassius exposed to waterborne zinc was 51.58 mg Zn²⁺/l. In hematological parameters, the RBC count was significantly decreased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn²⁺/l at 48 hours, whereas the hematocrit was significantly increased by zinc exposure. The MCV (mean corpuscular volume) (µl) and MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) were significantly increased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn²⁺/l at 48 hours. The plasma components such as calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and ALT (Alanine aminotransminase) were significantly changed by zinc exposure. The results of this study suggest that the zinc exposure to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2023

The olfactory organ of Carassius auratus and C. cuvieri was compared morphologically and morphometrically using stereomicroscopy and statistical program (SPSS version 18.0). The external morphology of the olfactory organ consists of the open semicircular anterior and posterior nostril, and nasal flap. The internal structure showed the oval rosette consisting of several lamellae arranged radiately. In statistical analysis of standard length (SL), olfactory lamellar number (LN), and SL/LN ratio between two species using independent two sample t-test and Pearson's correlation and coefficient, C. cuvieri is the longer SL than that of C. auratus and C. auratus LN (14~20) is lager than that of C. cuvieri (14~16) (P<0.001) and C. auratus LN/SL ratio (12.7±0.7%) is larger than that of C. cuvieri (8.2±0.6%). These results suggest that i) open semicircular nostrils is functional morphology to offset the boundary layer and ii) the lager LN of smaller C. auratus may be a morphological adaptation to reflect its higher olfactory dependence than C. cuvieri and iii) such interspecific difference in LN and LN/SL ratio could be applied as a new taxonomic trait for identification.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.1 no.1_2
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• pp.54-63
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• 1989

Morphological variation of the crusian carp, Carassius auratus, from Yongnam area in Korea was examined. In morphometric and meristic characters, mean values were different slightly among the polulations, whereas the range of variation was overlapped largely. In the present examination the number of spines in dorsal fin were 4-6. The majority of individuals appeared to be similar to Carassius auratus langsdorfii from Japan, but some individuals were quite different from them in having 66-83 gill rakers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2006

To determine the effects of exposure to formalin on the secondary stress indices, changes in haematology and blood chemistry were monitored in healthy crucian carps (Carassius auratus). Fishes were separately exposed in a concentration range of 125 to 500 ppm formalin for 60 min. After exposure, red blood cell (RBC) count and packed cell volume (PCV) were elevated in the 500 ppm formalin exposed group. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were decreased significantly in the 500 ppm formalin exposed group. Total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, total bilirubin, inorganic phosphorus (IP) and magnesium were significantly increased at a concentration of 500 ppm. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose were increased at a concentration of 500 ppm, but this was not significant. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calcium were significantly decreased at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm. AST, ALT, glucose and magnesium were significantly increased in the 250 ppm formalin exposed group. These results suggests that formalin exposure might cause some damage in the liver and kidney of crucian carp.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.265-268
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• 2004

Larva of Carassius auratus and Pungtungia herzi were exposed to mercury ($HgCl_2$), lead ($PbCl_2$) and copper ($CuSO_4$) to determine acute toxicity. The toxicity tests were conducted triplicate and the $LC_{50}$ values (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) were determined for two species. Data obtained from the toxicity tests were evaluated using the probit analysis. Although sensitivities of two species to mercury were relatively similar, C. auratus was more susceptible than P. herzi to the exposure of lead but P. herzi was more sensitive than C. auratus on copper. The sensitivity on three metals tested may be ranked in the following order from highest to lowest toxicity on larval stage of these fish: mercury > copper > lead. It is suggested that acute toxic test at the larval stage of C. auratus and P. herzi, indigenous species in Asia area, is an important part of the ecotoxicological assessment of some heavy metals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of sausage manufactured with carp (Carassius carassius) muscle and pork. Sausages were prepared using either 100% pork sausage (P10), a mixture of 50% pork and 50% carp muscle (P5C5), or 100% carp muscle (C10). The quality of the sausage emulsion was determined by analyzing approximate composition, pH, instrumental color, cooking yield, water holding capacity (WHC), viscosity, and texture profile analysis (TPA). Moisture content of cooked C10 was significantly higher than that of P10 or P5C5 (p < 0.05); however, protein content of cooked P10 was significantly higher than that of C10 (p < 0.05). The pH of uncooked and cooked C10 was significantly higher than that of P10 and P5C5 (p < 0.05). The cooking yield, WHC, and texture profile analysis of C10 were higher than those of P10 and P5C5 (p < 0.05). In addition, the viscosity of uncooked C10 was higher than that of P10 and P5C5. These results suggest that carp muscle can enhance sausage quality with respect to pH, WHC, cooking yield, viscosity, and TPA.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.105-107
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• 1972

The effects of copper and salt on the hemoglobin patterns of Carassius carassius, Ophicephalus argus, and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated by vertical starch gel electrophoresis. The number of the hemoglobin band of normal C. cararsius on the anode was one, and that of O. argus was two; neither the number of the homoglobin bands of the fishes nor the mobility of them was affected by copper or salt. The hemoglobin mobility of O. argus was faster than those of C. carassius and M. anguillicaudatus. Normal M. anguillicaudatus had two hemoglobin bands with nearly identical mobilities, one band migrating anodically and the other cathodically. When M. anguillicaudatus was exposed to copper, the mobility of band on the anode was faster than those of the other groups of control and exposed to salt, whereas the hemoglobin band on the cathode was not affected.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

The effects of sudden changes of water temperature (WT) on the physiological response and hematological characteristics of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined by manipulating WT in a flow through freshwater culture system with tanks. The WT was dropped from $15^{\circ}C$ to $10^{\circ}C$ within 1 hour and then returned to the original water temperature within 12 hours and maintained for 12 hours at the normal WT. The WT stress give continued for 3 days. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid were higher in stress group than that of non-stressed group until 72 hours. However, The $Na^+,\;Cl^-$, osmolality and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels showed no significant differences in two groups. This results in stress group showed that goldfish exhibit "typical" physiological responses (in cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin) to the stress induced by WT changes.