• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Entrepreneurship research has focused on several factors that might affect the intention of an individual to start an enterprise. Using principles from social network theory and the entrepreneurial intention model (EI), the current research intends to investigate how social capital is formed on Social Networking Sites (SNS) and how the resulting social capital influences entrepreneurial intention. Using an online survey, 151 valid responses were received from university students. Applying partial least square structural equation modeling, positive and significant relationship was found between the SNS usage and bonding and bridging social capital. Further, it was also found that online-bonding social capital does not impact any of the three antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, online-bridging social capital significantly influences personal attitudes and subjective norms. It was also found that both personal attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly relate to EI, while the subjective norms do not relate significantly to EI. The paper contributes to the literature on technology-based human behavior and entrepreneurship in emerging countries, opening some areas for future research, while also providing some managerial insights. It also should be beneficial to educational institutions in understanding how the use of SNS use by students may be optimized.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate changes in the immature teeth of Sprague-Dawley rats during orthodontic treatment and to explore the changes in the peri-radicular alveolar bone through micro-computed tomography (CT). Methods: Twenty-five 26-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. The maxillary left first molar was moved mesially under a continuous force of 30 cN, and the right first molar served as the control. After orthodontic treatment for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days, the root length, tooth volume, and alveolar bone mineral density (BMD) around the mesial root were measured through micro-CT. Results: The immature teeth continued to elongate after application of orthodontic force. The root length on the force side was significantly smaller than that on the control side, whereas the differences in the volume change between both sides were not statistically significant. Alveolar bone in the coronal part of the compression and tension sides showed no difference in BMD between the experimental and control groups. The BMD of the experimental group decreased from day 14 to day 42 in the apical part of the compression side and increased from day 7 to day 42 in the apical part of the tension side. The BMD of the experimental group decreased in the root apex part on day 7. Conclusions: The root length and volume of immature teeth showed continued development under orthodontic forces. Alveolar bone resorption was observed on the compression side, and bone formation was observed on the tension side.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.333-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of social capital by delinquent adolescents using the Q methodology and to find ways to form social capital. As a result, 33 types of statements about social capital were extracted from 16 juvenile delinquents and five types were derived. Type I was named as 'Friend Supportive Type', Type II as 'Family Friendly', Type III as 'Ability Type', Type IV as 'Social Justice' and Type V as 'School Trust Type'. First, it is necessary to develop a program that uses good friends to improve social capital in peer relations. Second, intervention in the direct relationship between parents' children, that is, communication with friends, children of friends and children who are indirectly formed with children, as well as communication, attention, and communication are required. Third, it is necessary to intervene to control the continuous emotional control ability in daily life. Fourth, there is a need to strengthen the irrationality of the social system and the supervision over the harmful environment. Finally, there is a need to improve the environment to enhance the level of school norms and confidence in the school.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2018

In this study, we will examine that the social class is reproduced by the school curriculum from the viewpoint of cultural reproduction theory by Pierre Bourdieu. Specially, we will examine the sociality of the curriculum, the social control of cultural capital, and how these make class reproduction possible. In this study, social class is reproduced by the ideological orientation of curriculum. This means that the school curriculum has social character and is closely related to the cultural capital of the ruling class.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.861-872
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• 2021

This study examines the relationship between board characteristics and capital structure. Data was collected from the annual reports of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, from 2015 to 2017, which totaled 1,264 firm-year observations. The study uses multiple regression analysis to analyses the data by using independent variables, including board size, outside directors, managerial ownership, CEO duality, frequency of board meetings, board experience, and gender to measure board characteristics and the total debt ratio for capital structure. Research findings show that the more independent the directors are, the lower the cost of debt financing is, as they control the management team more strictly about debt financing than directors with less independence do. Additionally, the results reveal that the higher the percentage of managerial ownership, the higher the level of leverage and debt financing, whereas board size and board meetings have a negative relationship to capital structure. Further research showed that firm size, growth opportunities and corporate governance rating all had a positive significant impact on capital structure. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of proper corporate governance leads to better funding mechanisms as it ensures that the company is in a better position to obtain external funding.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

Existing studies disagree over the core predictors of firm-level financial choices in developing countries. The general practice only validates the traditional capital structure model, which leads to inconsistency and a lack of novelty. This study removed overfitting issues among existing factors and presented the most reliable and advanced capital structure model in Pakistani firms. The panel data include 368 Pakistani companies from 19 non-financial sectors over the period 2004 to 2017. We apply Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria to remove overfitting issues among inconsistent proxies in the capital structure model. The fixed effects regression is used for basic results and the Generalized Method of Moments is applied to control the endogeneity. Besides the conventional proxies, we report that credit rating, distance from bankruptcy, managerial concentration, and institutional quality are the most advanced capital structure determinants in Pakistan. These predictors remain significant across firm size and growth levels. Also, the findings confirm that new predictors are reliable to define capital structure dynamics and improve the speed of adjustment in overall and sub-sample analysis. The major findings suggest that managers and policymakers should consider these advanced predictors to design their financial settings in firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2022

To investigate the short-run effects of social capital on migration decisions of individuals in the rural areas of Vietnam, we conducted dataset mining and performed regression model analysis in the form of panel data. As control variables, we employed the variable of social capital, which is measured by an individual's network, as well as demographic characteristics of individuals and households. We discovered that when a household is in financial distress, social networks such as linkages or asking for aid from others often enhance individual capacity. Individuals with a large social network outside of their immediate area are more inclined to relocate to the location where their connectors live. Individual participation and degree of participation in the organizational community, on the other hand, have little bearing on the likelihood of migration. In addition, this research examines theories and empirical research on the relationship between social capital and migration. Based on our research findings, we have recommended some measures to boost the efficiency of social capital and migration in rural areas of Vietnam through local government solutions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2020

Purpose - This study seeks to summarize the tax changes in stock trading and analyze K-OTC stock trading data in 2017 and 2018 to infer the effects of the application of capital gains taxes by individual investors. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes the case of the expansion of the 2018 capital gains tax exemption in the K-OTC market, which exempts capital gains tax on the proceeds from the sale of individual investors of certain stocks under the temporary special law. Findings - In the K-OTC market, the amount of transactions has expanded since the capital gains tax exemption in 2018, but the volume of transactions and transaction turnover have decreased. In particular, the result of lower transaction turnover after the expansion is contrary to expectations. To control the macroscopic effects of the stock market, further analyses the transactions of capital gains tax-exempt stocks and non-exempt stocks. The turnover rate of exemption stocks is higher than that of the non-exempt stocks. In the case of transaction turnover, the two results are not consistent. However, the latter result is more meaningful because the comparison of exempt and non-exempt reduces distortion by macro effects. Research implications or Originality - To mitigate the impact of capital gains taxes on stock market, government authorities need to consider the gradual expansion of the scope of taxation, the application of separate taxation in the introduction of capital gains, the reduction tax rate on transfer income of listed shares, and the reduction tax rate on long-term holdings.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.59-71
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of social capital and ego-resilience of children perceived parent-child relationship and sociodemographic variables on their school adjustment. The subjects were 384 4th, 5th and 6th grade students living in Gyeong-gi and Incheon. Collected data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results were : (a) Children’s school adjustment varied with their grade in school, birth order and mother’s employment. (b) Social capital of parent-child relationship, ego-resilience, and school adjustment were correlated with one another. (c) Control was the strongest predictor for children’s school adjustment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

The study aims to identify factors that influence university and college students' entrepreneurial intentions in Vietnam's Mekong Delta region. The study examines entrepreneurship mindset, subjective norm, capital sources, concept development assistance, personality qualities, and perceived behavioral control of university support for a student's entrepreneurial aim. The research was conducted according to the quantitative method. The data was collected through an online survey with a sample size of 611 students from 19 universities and colleges in the Mekong Delta region. The methods that test the scale, including Cronbach Alpha Test, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), are used to consider the correlation between the influence factors. The results of SEM analysis show that there are five main factors affecting students' entrepreneurial intention with decreasing level of influence, including the source of capital, perceived behavioral control, business development support, entrepreneurial attitude, and educational support. Besides, the results indicate that the subjective norm, personality traits, and concept development support have no impact on the intention of students toward entrepreneurship. The research also reveals that the entrepreneurial intention of students at universities and colleges has a positive relationship and is significantly affected by capital source and perceived behavioral control.