• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2022

최근 해사 분야에서는 제4차 산업혁명을 기반으로 e-Navigation, 자율운항선박, 스마트선박 등 다양한 디지털 기술 이슈가 끊임없이 등장하고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)는 해양안전 및 해양환경보호를 위한 규제를 점차 강화하고 있으며, 이러한 강화된 규제 이행은 해양안전 및 해양환경보호 분야의 신산업 창출로 이어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해사 분야의 대표적 신산업인 자율운항기술 분야에 대한 산업경쟁력 분석을 위해 포터(Porter)의 다이아몬드 모델을 기반으로 산업경쟁력 분석 모델을 설계하고, 총 5개 평가요소 및 13개 세부요소를 기반으로 국내 자율운항기술 산업에 대한 산업경쟁력을 정성적·정량적으로 평가하였다. 산업발전 초기 단계인 자율운항기술 산업은 산업경쟁력 지수화 결과 16.9점으로 평가되었으며, 현재 산업의 범위 정립부터 관련 규제 및 핵심기술 개발 등이 동시에 진행되고 있는 것이 특징이었다. 이러한 산업특성을 고려한 산업경쟁력 분석·평가는 신산업에 대한 전략적 지원 및 정책 추진을 위한 근거를 마련하고, 신산업 경쟁력 강화를 통해 해운·물류, 항만, 조선·기자재 산업 등 광범위한 연관 산업까지 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2000

우리나라와 같은 개도국은 교통상황이 급변하고, 교통환경이 안정화되지 않은 사정을 고려해보면 비용과 시간이 다소 제약을 받고 있는 상황에 있어서 교통계획을 수립해야 하는 경우가 빈번히 발생한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 상황에서 O/D조사(가구방문조사, 노측면접조사 등)를 충실히 행하기에는 많은 어려움이 따르고, 그 결과 또한 만족할 만한 O/D를 구하기에는 현실적으로 매우 힘든 상황이라고 판단된다. 위와 같은 현실적인 문제점과 배경에 힘입어 최근 들어 국내외적으로 교통량을 기반으로 하여 O/D를 추정하는 기법개발에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 추세이다. 그러나, 현실적인 규모의 교통망상에 적용될 수 있는 연구는 많았지만, 그러한 접근법들의 장·단점을 비교 분석한 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 관측교통량을 이용한 O/D추정모형을 교통계획적 측면에서 정적(static)기법을 중심으로 살펴보고, 이러한 관측교통량으로 O/D를 추정하는 모형 중에서 대규모 교통망에서 현실적으로 이용가능성이 높다고 판단되는 2단계모형(bi-level(GLS))과 gradient방법을 중심으로 그 가능성과 타당성을 검토하였다. 연구방법은 2단계모형방법 (GLS방법)과 gradient 방법을 가상교통망에 적용하여 모형의 적정성을 평가한 후, 그 결과를 비교·분석하여 그 예측력을 살펴보았다.

• 대기
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to develop a hydrological drought outlook system using GloSea5 (Global Seasonal forecasting system 5) which has recently been used by KMA (Korea Meteorological Association) and to evaluate the forecasting capability. For drought analysis, the bilinear interpolation method was applied to spatially downscale the low-resolution outputs of GloSea5 and PR (Predicted Runoff) was produced for different lead times (i.e., 1-, 2-, 3-month) running LSM (Land Surface Model). The behavior of PR anomaly was similar to that of HR (Historical Runoff) and the estimated values were negative up to lead times of 1- and 2-month. For the evaluation of drought outlook, SRI (Standardized Runoff Index) was selected and PR_SRI estimated using PR. ROC score was 0.83, 0.71, 0.60 for 1-, 2- and 3-month lead times, respectively. It also showed the hit rate is high and false alarm rate is low as shorter lead time. The temporal Correlation Coefficient (CC) was 0.82, 0.60, 0.31 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.52, 0.86, 1.20 for 1-, 2-, 3-month lead time, respectively. The accuracy of PR_SRI was high up to 1- and 2-month lead time on local regions except the Gyeonggi and Gangwon province. It can be concluded that GloSea5 has high applicability for hydrological drought outlook.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.615-631
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• 2012

This study provides an evaluation for capability of Integrated Climate and Air quality Modeling System (ICAMS) on future regional scale climate projection. Temperature and precipitation are compared between ground-level observation data and results of regional models (MM5) for the past 30 years over the Korean peninsula. The ICAMS successfully simulates the local-scale spatial/seasonal variation of the temperature and precipitation. The probability distribution of simulated daily mean and minimum temperature agree well with the observed patterns and trends, although mean temperature shows a little cold bias about $1^{\circ}C$ compared to observations. It seems that a systematic cold bias is mostly due to an underestimation of maximum temperature. In the case of precipitation, the rainfall in winter and light rainfall are remarkably simulated well, but summer precipitation is underestimated in the heavy rainfall phenomena of exceeding 20 mm/day. The ICAMS shows a tendency to overestimate the number of washout days about 7%. Those results of this study indicate that the performance of ICAMS is reasonable regarding to air quality predication over the Korean peninsula.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

Purpose : Field of view and voxel resolution of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) might affect the diagnostic capability. This study was performed to compare between the standard and HiRes zoom modes in the diagnosis of external root resorption (ERR) using CBCT. Materials and Methods : Sixty three small cavities (0.25 mm depth and 0.5 mm diameter) were simulated on the buccal, lingual, and proximal surfaces at three different levels of 16 roots of teeth. After covering the root with nail varnish, the roots were inserted in the sockets and the model was placed in a water-containing lacuna. CBCT scans were taken in both standard and HiRes zoom modes using NewTom VG (QR srl Company, Verona, Italy). Then, an observer assessed the images to determine the presence or absence of the cavities. This process was repeated by increasing the size and depth of cavities to 0.5 mm depth and 1 mm diameter. Data were analyzed by McNemar test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio in evaluation of the simulated cavities were calculated. Results : There was a significant difference between the two imaging modes in diagnosing the shallow cavities (p=0.02).The sensitivity of the standard zoom in detecting the shallow cavities was lower than that of the HiRes zoom. The likelihood ratio of the HiRes zoom was higher in the diagnosis of both cavity types. Conclusion : This study suggested that a smaller voxel size in the HiRes zoom mode of CBCT is preferred for diagnosis of ERR.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2017

Using a probabilistic safety assessment, a risk evaluation framework for an aircraft crash into an interim spent fuel storage facility is presented. Damage evaluation of a detailed generic cask model in a simplified building structure under an aircraft impact is discussed through a numerical structural analysis and an analytical fragility assessment. Sequences of the impact scenario are shown in a developed event tree, with uncertainties considered in the impact analysis and failure probabilities calculated. To evaluate the influence of parameters relevant to design safety, risks are estimated for three specification levels of cask and storage facility structures. The proposed assessment procedure includes the determination of the loading parameters, reference impact scenario, structural response analyses of facility walls, cask containment, and fuel assemblies, and a radiological consequence analysis with dose-risk estimation. The risk results for the proposed scenario in this study are expected to be small relative to those of design basis accidents for best-estimated conservative values. The importance of this framework is seen in its flexibility to evaluate the capability of the facility to withstand an aircraft impact and in its ability to anticipate potential realistic risks; the framework also provides insight into epistemic uncertainty in the available data and into the sensitivity of the design parameters for future research.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate site productivity of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica by four forest climatic zones. We used site environmental variables (28 geographical and pedological factors) and site index as a site productivity indicator from nation-wide 23,315 stands. Based on multiple regression analysis between site index and major environmental variables, the best-fit multivaliate models were made by each species and forest climatic zone. Most of site index prediction models by species were regressed with seven to eight factors, including altitude, relief, soil depth, and soil moisture etc. For those models, three evaluation statistics such as mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the models by climatic zones and species fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. Also having above middle of site index range, total area of productive sites for the two Quercus spp. estimated by those models would be about 6% of total forest area. Northern temperate forest zone and central temperate forest zone had more productive area than southern temperate forest zone and warm temperate forest zone. As a result, it was concluded that the regressive prediction with site environmental variables by climatic zones and species had enough estimation capability of forest site productivity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6D호
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2006

DEM에 기초한 경사정보는 도시계획, 조경, 도로설계분야는 물론 강우유출 및 토사유실평가와 같은 수자원분야에서도 매우 유용하게 활용된다. DEM에서 추출한 경사도의 해상도는 응용분야 및 모델링의 종류에 따라 다양하게 결정될 수 있으며, 특히 해상도가 낮아질수록 수평거리가 증가하기 때문에 경사도는 감소하는 특징을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 해상도에 따른 경사정보의 손실을 개선하고자 유량공식과 Manning의 유속공식을 조합한 경사도 평가기법을 제안하였으며, 토사유실모델의 지형인자를 계산하는데 활용하였다. 적용결과 기존의 경사도 평가기법을 이용한 지형인자는 34.8%의 오차를 나타낸 반면, 조합방법에 의한 경사도를 활용한 경우에는 12.6%로 비교적 낮은 오차특성을 확보할 수 있었다. 또한 지형특성에 따른 영향을 평가하기 위해, 유역내 상 중 하류 지역을 선정하여 조합방법에 의한 효용성을 평가한 결과, 조합방법이 기존방법에 비해 개선된 결과를 보였다. 따라서 조합방법에 의한 경사도 평가기법은 강우유출모델과 같은 수자원분야에서 해상도 변화에 따른 경사정보의 손실을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있을 있으리라 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 TOPLATS 지표해석모형으로부터 생산된 격자 수문기상성분과 통계적 돌발홍수지수모형을 이용하여 격자 돌발홍수지수를 생산하고 그 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 대상유역은 2009~2012년동안 38건의 돌발홍수 구조요청 사례가 발생한 수도권 지역을 선정하였다. 지표해석모형의 시공간 해상도는 1 h, 1 km 이며 동일한 해상도의 모의를 위해 필요한 격자 기상자료는 기상청 AWS (automatic weather stations)의 시단위 자료를 역거리법을 이용하여 구축하였다. 돌발홍수 피해사례 38건에 대해 대응되는 모의격자의 수문성분을 분석하였으며 27건(71%)에서 구조요청시점에 대해 강우량, 지표유출량, 토양수분량, 지하수면깊이가 적절하게 모의되는 것을 확인하였다. 강우조건에 따른 격자 돌발홍수지수의 정확도는 구조요청시점 기준 선행시간 4~6시간까지 71~87%, 구조요청시점으로 한정된 0시간에서 42~52%로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 지표해석모델을 이용한 격자 수문성분과 통계적 돌발홍수지수모형으로부터 산정된 격자 돌발홍수지수는 산지 돌발홍수를 예측하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1624-1647
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• 2020

Vehicular network is one of the most important subjects for researchers in recent years. Anycast routing protocols have many applications in vehicular ad hoc networks. The aim of an anycast protocol is sending packets to at least one of the receivers among candidate receivers. Studies done on anycast protocols over vehicular networks, however, have capability of implementation on some applications; they are partial, and application specific. No need to say that the lack of a comprehensive study, having a strong analytical background, is felt. Mathematical modeling in vehicular networks is difficult because the topology of these networks is dynamic. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that vehicular networks can be modeled based on time-expanded networks. The focus of this article is on geographical anycast. Three different scenarios were proposed including sending geographic anycast packet to exactly-one-destination, to at-least-one-destination, and to K-anycast destination, which can cover important applications of geographical anycast routing protocols. As the proposed model is of MILP type, a decentralized heuristic algorithm was presented. The evaluation process of this study includes the production of numerical results by Branch and Bound algorithm in general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software and simulation of the proposed protocol in OMNET++ simulator. The comprehension of the result of proposed protocol and model shows that the applicability of this proposed protocol and its reactive conformity with the presented models based on presented metrics.