• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-289
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• 1992

Red pepper is composed of pericarp and calyx. Calyx must be removed for the producton of high quality powdered red pepper. However, an apparatus to effectively remove calyx is not available. This study was performed to develop a method to remove calyx. According to the result of this study, the following method was found out to be very effective. Step 1 : Red pepper must be compressed by a compressing apparatus such as roller system. Step 2 : Calyx in red pepper must be plucked out when red pepper passes through roller system with relative velocity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.790-797
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• 2013

During pear fruit development, calyx can abscise from fruitlet following petal fall. The calyx abscission varies with pear cultivars. The presence of calyx on pear fruit makes the fruit shape calyx end protruded. In the present study, the degrees of the calyx abscission were examined in 120 Southern-type Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), 52 Nothern-type Asian pear (P. ussuriensis), and 34 European pear (P. communis) cultivars, and its inheritance was investigated using cross combinations between the Southern-type Asian pear cultivars showing different degrees of calyx abscission. Majority of the cultivars produced < 10% or > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit, but the cultivars producing both calyx-perpetual and -deciduous fruit were in minor frequency. The cultivars producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit were in higher frequency in Southern-type Asian, Nothern-type Asian, and European pears in that order, while those producing calyx-perpetual fruit were in higher frequency in European, Nothern-type Asian, and Southern-type Asian pears in that order. In the cross between the parents producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit. In the cross between the parents producing > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit, on the contrary, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit. When the paternal parent produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit regardless of the degree of calyx abscission in the maternal parent. When the cross was between the maternal parent producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit and the paternal parent showing different degrees of calyx abscission, the $F_1$ seedlings showed similar degrees of the calyx abscission to those in the paternal parent. These results suggest that the characteristics of the calyx abscission is influenced more greatly by the paternal parent than by the maternal parent, and the calyx abscission in Southern-type Asian pears is a qualitative trait which is governed by dominant gene(s).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect in persimmon calyx(calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunberg) for screening of functional materials from natural products. As a result, EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect. The active constituents of tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effect were isolated from EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx. Their structure of compounds were identified as ursolic acid and (-)-daucosterol by spectroscopic evidence, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

In this study, in order to search for new functional materials from natural products, was carried out the study of antioxidant active ingredients in persimmon calyx(calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunberg). I have experimented with the effect of antioxidant activity of five different extract(MeOH, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$ extract) obtained from persimmon calyx. As a result, the butanol extract, that is the main component fraction of antioxidant activity was found. Three compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography from the n-BuOH extract of persimmon calyx. Their structures of compound 1, 2 and 3 isolated from n-BuOH extract of persimmon calyx were identified as quercetin, (+)-catechin and gallic acid by using the TLC, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

In the present study, we investigated the effects of artificial removal of corolla and calyx lobes from open flowers on fruit development and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch.). Removing the corolla had no significant effect on fruit weight, hardness, length, and diameter, Hunter L, a, b values, sugar content and acidity. However, removing the calyx lobes significantly inhibited longitudinal and transverse growth of the fruits, resulting in diminished fruit size. In addition, merchantable fruit quality significantly decreased upon removing the calyx lobes, and this tendency was increased as more calyx lobes were removed. Nonetheless, removal of the calyx lobes had no effects on fruit color, sugar content, or acidity, similar to the effect of corolla removal.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 1992

A prototype calyx-plucking system was designed on the basis of a calyx-plucking method which had been developed in the previous study. This system was composed of a pair of compressive rollers and three pairs of tensile rollers. The performance test for this system revealed that two significant factors of operating conditions were the moisture content of red pepper and the relative velocity between tensile rollers. The newly developed system can be utilized as an efficient calyx-plucking unit in the processing plant for powdering red pepper.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

Red pepper calyx cutting devices using a impacting force by a rotational cutter were devised and tested to obtain the fundamental data for development of a calyx removal unit. Fresh red peppers with 80∼87%(w.b.) of initial moisture contents were used as experimental materials. Square and wire type of rotational cutters were used to cut the red pepper calyx and the fresh red peppers were fed into the device both manually and automatically. Three rotational speeds of 250, 500, 700rpm were selected for a square, and 1000, 1500, 1800rpm for a wire type cutter respectively. Four types of red pepper fixing unit were used in manual feeding. The cutting rate of the square type cutter was over 50% regardless the shape and specification of the cutter. For the wire type cutter, the copper wire and nylon chord could not be applied to cut the red pepper calyx because of the low cutting rate. But for the fine wire, the cutting rate was higher and the cutting mechanism was more steady than copper wire and nylon chord. The cutting rate of automatic feeding and wire type cutting unit was about 70% for all levels of the rotational speed. The cutting rate was highly related to the impacting point of red pepper in carrier box. To increase the cutting rate using the rotational cutter, a proper device and mechanism was required to keep the impacting point consistently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2013

A new species, Daphne jejudoensis M. Kim, has been named and described from Seonheul, Jejudo Province, Korea. Daphne jejudoensis shares several characteristics (white calyx colors, long calyx tube, evergreen leaves, leathery leaf textures, etc.) with its related species D. kiusiana, but it is distinct from D. kiusiana which has a hairy calyx tube and lobes, short calyx lobes, oblanceolate leaves (with acute apex), and a different distribution (coastal region in Geojedo Is.) by having a glabrous calyx tube and lobes, long calyx lobes, elliptic leaves (with acuminate apex), and by its distribution (inland region in Jejudo Is.).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.226-235
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• 2017

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a shrub which grows well in a tropical climate. There are large amounts of anthocyanins, organic acids and other compounds in roselle. Mostly, roselle is cultivated to use its red calyx. Its calyx is used as a natural food colorant and commonly consumed as a tea. This quality study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and antioxidant activities of Sulgidduck with roselle calyx powder. Four samples and a control were made with different ratios of added roselle calyx powder (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%). The moisture content of the 0.5%-sample was the highest as 40.60%, and that of the 2%-sample was the lowest as 37.37%. The pH of samples significantly decreased from 6.26 to 3.65 as the amount of roselle calyx powder increased (p<0.05). The L-value of samples also significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, a-value and ${\Delta}E$ of samples significantly increased with elevated amounts of roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The b-value of roselle calyx added Sulgidduck samples significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness of Sulgidduck samples with added roselle calyx also significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Cohesiveness of Sulgidduck samples with roselle calyx significantly decreased compared to control (p<0.05), with the exception of the 1% sample. There were no significant differences in springiness among samples. Total phenolic contents significantly increased when roselle calyx powder was added above a level of 1.5% (p<0.05). The flavonoid content of the control was the lowest as 0.73. ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with increasing amounts roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The 2%-sample got the lowest sensory preference scores in sweetness and overall acceptability. In contrast, the control and 1%-sample got the highest sensory preference scores. Based on these study findings, addition of 1% roselle calyx powder optimized the preparation of Sulgidduck and roselle calyx is therefore a useful natural colorant and antioxidant.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.863-869
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• 2016

Objective: To describe the treatment of a 46-year-old female patient with supragastric belching using Korean medical treatment and Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy. Methods: The treatment included three administrations of Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy (day 2, day 9, and day 16), herbal decoction, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The severity of symptoms was evaluated daily with a numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Korean medical treatment suppressed the belching and improved other symptoms. After using the Melonis Calyx, the severity of belching decreased from NRS 4 to NRS 1 (day 2), from NRS 3 to NRS 1 (day 9), and no further change from NRS 1 (day 13). Conclusions: Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy appears to be an effective treatment for patients with supragastric belching. Further study will be needed to confirm the effectiveness of Melonis Calyx vomiting therapy on supragastric belching.