• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2011

The CCR4-CAF1-NOT complex-mediated degradation of mRNA is a fundamental aspect of gene regulation in eukaryotes. We herein examined the role of AtCAF1 in the innate immune and wound responses of plants. Our results showed that overexpression of AtCAF1 significantly downregulated the transcript level of EFR but not FLS2 and BRI1, as well as abolished up-regulated expression pattern of EFR in response to wounding. Consistently, Agrobacteriummediated transient expression of GUS was highly enhanced in the transgenic plants overexpressing AtCAF. Furthermore, JA responsive genes were down-regulated by overexpression of AtCAF, causing the transgenic plants overexpressing AtCAF more susceptible to necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. These results suggest that The CCR4-CAF1-NOT complex-mediated degradation of mRNA negatively regulates wounding-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

• Architectural research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

Maximizing profit is the most significant object of commercial places. Especially for some places where its atmosphere is main concern of customers like $Caf{\acute{e}}s$, interior design is crucial. Thus it needs to evaluate human emotion and preference. Human Sensibility Ergonomics which is recently signified in various fields is an attempt to quantitatively analyze factors of human sensibility and apply it to design operation. This study attempted to infuse human sensibility ergonomics into $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design and analyzed preferable $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design factors. Because most $Caf{\acute{e}}s$ have their own target customers, so we assumed four different target customer groups divided by their age and gender groups in each age group. As a result, the difference of each group could be examined. Middle-aged group and males have main interest in the intensity of luminance, i.e. the brightness, whereas youths and females attach importance to both quality of light and color. In addition, there is a tendency for middle-aged group and males to see $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a public place while young people and females recognize $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a place for entertainment. Taking the result of this study into consideration can lead to successful $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design for specific target customers.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to assess temporal changes in the level of culturable airborne fungi (CAF) in three microbiology laboratories and determine the environmental factors associated with CAF level. Methods: CAF levels were determined once per month from March 2011 to February 2012 in three microbiology laboratories. An Andersen one-stage sampler was used for five minutes, three times per day to collect the CAF. Arithmetic means of CAF concentrations and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. A Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the differences between environmental factors such as divided room by structure of laboratory, use of humidifier, and use of air-conditioner. Correlation analysis was also applied to identify the association between CAF concentrations and environmental factors. Results: CAF levels demonstrated an increasing tendency in summer, and the three laboratories showed consistent seasonal patterns. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were associated with CAF levels. When the humidifier was off, CAF concentrations were significantly higher in study rooms than in study rooms in which the humidifier was on. Conclusion: CAF levels in indoor microbiology laboratories varied greatly depending upon the temperature and RH and whether a humidifier was used.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2009

The eukaryotic genome forms a chromatin structure that contains repeating nucleosome structures. Nucleosome packaging is regulated by chromatin remodeling factors such as histone chaperones. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae H3/H4 histone chaperones, CAF-1 and Asf1, regulate DNA replication and chromatin assembly. CAF-1 function is largely restricted to non-transcriptional processes in heterochromatin, whereas Asf1 regulates transcription together with another H3/H4 chaperone, HIR. This study examined the role of the yeast H3/H4 histone chaperones, Asf1, HIR, and CAF-1 in chromatin dynamics during transcription. Unexpectedly, CAF-1 was recruited to the actively transcribed region in a similar way to HIR and Asf1. In addition, the three histone chaperones genetically interacted with Set2-dependent H3 K36 methylation. Similar to histone chaperones, Set2 was required for tolerance to excess histone H3 but not to excess H2A, suggesting that CAF-1, Asf1, HIR, and Set2 function in a related pathway and target chromatin during transcription.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 임의의 전파를 발사하는 송신원의 위치를 파악하기 위한 방법의 하나로써 시간 차이와 주파수 차이를 이용하는 교차모호함수를 사용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과를 소개한다. 동일한 송신 신호가 서로 다른 경로를 통하여 수신될 경우 두 신호가 가지고 있는 시간 지연의 차이가 있고, 또 서로 다른 도플러 천이로 인하여 주파수 천이를 가지게 된다, 이러한 성질을 이용하여 서로 다른 시간 지연과 주파수 천이를 가지는 두 신호에 대한 교차모호함수를 계산하고, 이 함수가 최대 값을 가지도록 하는 시간 및 주파수 천이를 구하여 전파를 발사한 송신국의 위치를 파악할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 교차모호 함수를 이용하여 여러 가지 환경에 따른 시뮬레이션 결과를 소개하고, CAF 계산의 효율성을 개선하고 성능을 향상시키는 방법에 대해 소개한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 위성통신시스템에서 임의의 전파를 발사하는 미지의 송신원의 위치를 파악하기 위한 효율적인 추정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 정지궤도 위성 시스템에 대하여 불법적으로 전파를 발사하는 미지의 지구국 위치를 추정하는 방법의 하나로써 시간 차이와 주파수 차이를 이용하는 교차 모호 함수(cross ambiguity function; CAF)를 주로 사용한다. 그러나 현실성이 있는 지구국 위치의 계산을 위해서는 엄청난 계산량을 필요로 하는 CAF가 요구되므로, 정확한 위치의 계산이 매우 힘들다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 CAF에서 추정하는 시간 차이와 주파수 차이의 특성을 이용하여 계산상의 효율성은 크게 증대되면서도 추정 성능 저하가 전혀 없는 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한, CAF 계산 알고리즘의 분해능이 추정 성능에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션한 결과를 제시함으로써 향후 실제 시스템 구축 및 활용에 기여하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2021

An integral electrode-bipolar plate assembly, which is composed of electrode, conductive adhesive film (CAF) and bipolar plate, has been developed and evaluated for application with a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) to decrease contact resistance between electrode and bipolar plate. The CAF, made of EVA (ethylene-vinyl-acetate) material with carbon black or CNT (Carbon Nano Tube), is applied between the electrode and the bipolar plate to enable an integral assembly by adhesion. In order to evaluate the integral assembly of VRB by adhesive film, the resistivity of integral assembly and the performance of single cell were investigated. Thus, it was verified that the integral assembly is applicable to redox flow battery. Through resistance and contact resistance of bare EVA and CAF films on bipolar plate were changed. Among the adhesive films, CAF film coated with carbon black showed the lowest value in through resistance, and CAF film coated with CNT showed the lowest value in contact resistance, respectively. The efficiency of VRB single cell was improved by applying CAF films coated with carbon black and CNT, resulting in the reduced overvoltage in charging process. Therefore, the energy efficiency of both CAF films, about 84%, were improved than that of blank cell, about 79.5 % under current density at 40 mA cm^-2. The energy efficiency of the two cells were similar, but carbon black coated CAF improved the coulomb efficiency and CNT coated CAF improved the voltage efficiency, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.831-840
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• 2020

The β-class of carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes widely distributed in the fungal kingdom that play essential roles in growth, survival, differentiation, and virulence by catalyzing the reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-). Herein, we report the biochemical and crystallographic characterization of the β-CA CafA from the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, the main causative agent of invasive aspergillosis. CafA exhibited apparent in vitro CO₂ hydration activity in neutral to weak alkaline conditions, but little activity at acidic pH. The high-resolution crystal structure of CafA revealed a tetramer comprising a dimer of dimers, in which the catalytic zinc ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by three conserved residues (C119, H175, C178) and an acetate anion presumably acquired from the crystallization solution, indicating a freely accessible "open" conformation. Furthermore, knowledge of the structure of CafA in complex with the potent inhibitor acetazolamide, together with its functional intolerance of nitrate (NO₃^-) ions, could be exploited to develop new antifungal agents for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 1995

This paper is a study on the design of the cascade adaptive filter (CAF) for baseline wandering elimination in order to enhance the performance of the detection of ST segments in ECG. The CAF using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm consists of two filters. The primary adaptive filter which has the cutoff frequency of 0.3Hz eliminates the baseline wandering in raw ECG The secondary adaptive filter removes the remnant baseline wandering which is not eliminated by the primary adaptive filter. The performance of the CAF was compared with the standard filter, the recursive filter, and the adaptive impulse correlated filter (AICF). As a result, the CAF showed a lower signal distortion than the standard filter and the AICF. Also, the CAF showed a better perf'ormance in noise elimination than the standard filter and the recursive filter. In conclusion, considering the characteristics of the noise elimination and the signal distortion, the CAF shows a better performance in the removal of the baseline wandering than the other three Otters and suggests the high performance in the detection of ST segment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2019

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF) is an uncommon benign soft-tissue fibroblastic tumor with characteristic histological features. It mainly occurs in the distal part of the extremities, such as the hands and feet, in children and adolescents. Males are twice as commonly affected as females. CAF exhibits local invasiveness, and hence, its recurrence rate is also high. Therefore, complete surgical excision is both diagnostic and therapeutic. The occurrence of CAF in the maxillofacial region, especially the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is very rare, and this necessitates its differentiation from other TMJ neoplasms. The differential diagnosis of CAF requires microscopic examination. Herein, we report a rare case of CAF located at the left mandibular condyle, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis.