• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.518-521
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• 2003

Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_{n-1}$Cu$_{n}$O$_{x}$ superconducting thin films have been fabricated by atomic layer-by-layer deposition using IBS(Ion Beam Sputtering) method. During the deposition, 90 mol% ozone gas of typical pressure of 1~9 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ Torr are supplied with ultraviolet light irradiation for oxidation. XRD and RHEED investigations reveal out that a buffer layer with some different compositions is formed at the early deposition stage of less than 10 units cell and then Bi-2201 oriented along the c-axis is grown.grown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2006

$Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nO_x$ superconducting thin films have been fabricated by atomic layer-by-layer deposition using IBS(Ion Beam Sputtering) method During the deposition, 90 mol% ozone gas of typical pressure of $1{\sim}9{\times}10^{-5}$ T orr are supplied with ultraviolet light irradiation for oxidation. XRD and RHEED investigations reveal out that a buffer layer with some different compositions is formed at the early deposition stage of less than 10 units cell and then Bi-2201 oriented along the c-axis is grown.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2008

Soil environmental conditions can affect nutrient availability during growth stage of tree fruit. We investigated the cause of disorderd fruit by the influence of soil chemical properties in orchard soil, composition of mineral nutrient in leaves and fruit to occur physiological disorderd fruit at four locations (Ulsan, Gyeongju, Pyeongtaek, Ansung) compared to healthy. There were significantly different (P=0.05) in exchangeable Ca, K, Mg and total nitrogen content in orchard soil between physiological disordered fruit and healthy fruit. The exchangeable Ca content in orchard soil caused by physiological disordered fruit was statistically lower than that of healthy fruit. However, exchangeable K, Mg and total nitrogen contents were higher than that healthy (P=0.05). There was a significant difference (P=0.05) in Ca content between physiological disordered fruit and healthy. Ca content in fruit flesh of physiological disorderedfruit was statistically lower than that of healthy. The physiological disordered fruit was a higher ratio of Mg/Ca in fruit flesh and peel compared to healthy fruit and also the ratios of N/Ca and K/Ca in a leaf were higher. The negative correlation between Ca and K, and Ca and Mg was detected in the fruit flesh of physiological disordered fruit. Therefore, we concluded that insufficient Ca content in fruit may cause 'the physiological disorder' pomelo disease and high content of N, exchangeable K and Mg ion in the soil solution might be disturbs exchangeable Ca ion to be absorbed in fruit.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.954-963
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• 2012

As a greedy algorithm reconstructing the sparse signal from underdetermined system, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm has received much attention. In this paper, we multiple candidate matching pursuit (MuCaMP), which builds up candidate support set in every iteration and uses the minimum residual at last iteration. Using the restricted isometry property (RIP), we derive the sufficient condition for MuCaMP to recover the sparse signal exactly. The MuCaMP guarantees to reconstruct the K-sparse signal when the sensing matrix satisfies the RIP constant ${\delta}_{N+K}<\frac{\sqrt{N}}{\sqrt{K}+3\sqrt{N}}$. In addition, we show a recovery performance both noiseless and noisy measurements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2007

$Eu^{2+}$-doped $Ca_2Si_5N_8$ was grown on Si(100) substrate using metal-organic deposition (MOD) method and post-annealed at $900^{\circ}C$ in various atmosphere. Luminescence properties of these thin films were investigated with variations of $Eu^{2+}$-doped concentrations and annealing atmosphere. Thin film was formed with clean surface and uniform thickness of about 72 nm. From the measurements of luminescence properties of thin films, film must be post-annealed in nitrogen or mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere to emit a sufficient light. For $Ca_{1.5}Eu_{0.5}Si_5N_8$ thin film annealed at $900^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen atmosphere, excitation band from 380 to 420 nm was detected with the maximum intensity at 404 nm and two broad emission bands from 530 to 630 nm were observed. These broad excitation and emission bands must be attributed to the nitrogen incorporations into the films. From the results, $Ca_{2-x}Eu_xSi_5N_8$ thin film has probability for next generation thin film lighting applications such as light emitting diode (LED) or electro-luminescence (EL).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.524-527
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• 2007

[ $Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nO_x$ ](n=0, 1, 2) thin films have been fabricated by co-deposition at an ultra-low growth rate using ion beam sputtering(IBS) method. Bi 2212 phase appeared in the temperature range of 750 and $795^{\circ}C$ and single phase of Bi 2201 existed in the lower region than $785^{\circ}C$. Whereas, $PO_3$ dependance on structural formation was scarcely observed regardless of the pressure variation. And high quality of c-axis oriented Bi 2212 thin film with $T_c$(onset) of about % K and $T_c$(zero) of about 45 K is obtained. Only a small amount of CuO in some films was observed as impurity, and no impurity phase such as $ CaCuO_2$ was observed in all of the obtained films.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2005

To prove the buffering contribution of mitochondria to the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) via background nonselective cation channel (background NSCC), we examined whether inhibition of mitochondria by protonophore carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) affects endothelial $Ca^{2+}$ entry and $Ca^{2+}$ buffering in freshly isolated rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). The ratio of fluorescence by fura-2 AM ($R_{340/380}$) was measured in RAECs. Biological state was checked by application of acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh ($10{\mu}M$) increased $R_{340/380}$ by $1.1{\pm}0.15$ ($mean{\pm}S.E.$, n=6). When the external $Na^+$ was totally replaced by $NMDG^+$, $R_{340/380}$ was increased by $1.19{\pm}0.17$ in a reversible manner (n=27). $NMDG^+$-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase was followed by oscillatory decay after $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ reached the peak level. The increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by $NMDG^+$ was completely suppressed by replacement with $Cs^+$. When $1{\mu}M$ CCCP was applied to bath solution, the ratio of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was increased by $0.4{\pm}0.06$ (n=31). When $1{\mu}M$ CCCP was used for pretreatment before application of $NMDG^+$, oscillatory decay of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by $NMDG^+$ was significantly inhibited compared to the control (p＜0.05). In addition, $NMDG^+-induced$ increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was highly enhanced by pretreatment with $2{\mu}M$ CCCP by $320{\pm}93.7$%, compared to the control ($mean{\pm}S.E.$, n=12). From these results, it is concluded that mitochondria might have buffering contribution to the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase through regulation of the background NSCC in RAECs.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 156 growth retarded preschool children who were randomly assigned to the following five groups : supplemental control (S-control; n=28); zinc supplementation (＋Zn; 3.5mg Zn/day, n=34); zinc and calcium supplementation (＋ZnCa; 3.5mg Zn ＋ 250mg Ca/day, n=37); zinc, calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋ZnCaVA; 3.5mgZn ＋ 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=28); and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋CaVA; 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=29). Another 34 children of normal height were selected as a normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months. After supplementation, the height gains in the ＋Zn group (7.84cm per year) and the ＋ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) were significantly higher than that in the S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P＜0.05). The weight gain in the ＋ZnCaVA group (2.55kg per year) and the ＋CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in the S-control group (2.19 kg per year, P＜0.05). The average number of days of illness in each group taking supplements was lower than that in the S-control group (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant differences in bone maturity were observed between the groups. In conclusion, in this study Zinc and Zinc ＋ Calcium supplementation improved the height gain, and vitamin A improved the weight gain, in growth retarded preschool children, but these supplements did not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation also lowered the morbidity of these children.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.622-629
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• 1999

Effects of the fluorination in the $K_2$TiF\ulcorner solution and in-situ KF+ KOH electrolyte on the electrochemical charge-discharge properties of CaNi\ulcorner and the Mg-CaNi\ulcorner electrodes were investigated. In-situ fluorination in the KF+ KOH electrolyte compared with pre-fluorination in the$ K_2$TiF\ulcorner solution could improve the electrochemical cycling durability of CaNi\ulcorner and MG-CaN\ulcorner electrodes. The fluorinated layer on the alloy surface by pre-fluorination to improve the activity and anti-corrosion of the electrodes was dissolved in the pure KOH electrolyte during the cycling. The fluorinated layer was formed continuously on the surface of the electrode by thee2N KF addition in the 6N KOH electrolyte. The excess F\ulcorner ion addition in KOH electrolyte could improve the electrochemical cycling durability of CaNi\ulcorner and Mg-CaNi\ulcorner electrode. But, in case of MG-CaNi\ulcorner electrode, the discharge capacity of the electrode was reduced and the poor cycling property was shown with increasing of the MG process times.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1992

The effects of $Ca_{2+}$ ion on the formation of micelle colloid of nonionic surfactants, nonylphenol-(ethylene oxide)n [NP-(EO)n: n= 11, 40, 100) were investigated by the iodine solubilization method. The characteristics of spectra depended on the concentration of $Ca_{2+}$ ion and the number of EO unit. Above CMC(critical micelle concentration), the intensity of the CT (charge transfer) band by the addition of $Ca_{2+}$ ion for the NP-(EO)11 and NP-(EO)40 increased and when decreased and for the NP-(EO)In continuously increased. The increase in the intensity of CT band were attributed to the compactness of micelle in the presence of $Ca_{2+}$ ion. These phenomena may be explained by the fact that the linear ethylene oxide (EO) chain, relatively free to assume various configuration in aqueous solution, could form a pseudo-crown ether structures capable of forming complexes with $Ca_{2+}$ ion.