• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.394-403
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and MCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and MCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and MCMT extract suppressed overexpression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the THP-1 cell treated by LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and MCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and SCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and SCMT extract suppressed overexpression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in the THP-1 cell treated dy LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell Iysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the future AD will be the largest problem in public health service. From old times, Much medicines have been used for treatment of dementia, but there is no medicine having obvious effect. AD is one of brain retrogression disease. So We studied on herbal medicine that have a relation of brain retrogression. From old times, In Oriental Medicine, Radix Polygalae and Rhizoma Acori Graminei have been used for disease in relation to brain retrogression. We studied of anti-Alzheimer effect on CT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by Radix Polygalae(RP) and Rhizoma Acori Graminei(RAG) water extract. As the result of this study, In RP and RAG group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is induced. These results indicate that In RP and RAG, RAG possess the strongest in inhibitory effect of apoptosis in the nervous system and repair effect against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.173-194
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the future AD will be the largest problem in public health service. From old times, Much medicines have been used for treatment of dementia, but there is no medicine having obvious effect. AD is one of brain retrogression disease. So We studied on herbal medicine that have a relation of brain retrogression. From old times, In Oriental Medicine, Rhizoma Acori Graminei has been used for disease in relation to brain retrogression. We studied on the effects of anti-Alzheimer in pCT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by Rhizoma Acori Graminei extract As the result of this study, In RAG group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degerneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is promoted. These results indicate that RAG possess strong inhibitory effect of apoptosis in the nervous system and repair effect against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

This research investigates the effect of the Crataegus pinnatifida BGE. var. major N.E. BR(CPVM) on Alzheimer's disease. The CPVM extract suppressed the expression of IL-1 β, IL-6, APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. The CPVM extract suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. The CPVM extract group showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105 in the Morris water maze experiment. The CPVM extract suppressed the over-expression of IL-1 β, TNF- α and ROS in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. This study suggests that CPVM may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques are associated with degenerating neuronal processes and consist primarily of fibrillary aggregates of beta-amyloid$ protein, generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Another amyloidogenic fragment, the carboxyl terminus (CT) of APP, which is composed of 99-105 amino acid residues containing the complete $A{\beta}$ sequence, also appears to be toxic to neurones. Recent evidence suggest that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 amino acids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. Methods : Although a variety of oriental prescriptions including Pinelliae rhizoma have traditionally been utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated effects of the dichloromethane extract of Pinelliae rhizoma (PINR) on neurotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in SK-N-SH cells overexpressed with CT105. In addition, we evaluated its radical scavenging activity and effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, effects on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine treatment in rats were evaluated. Results ; We found in this study that PINR significantly inhibited apoptotic neuronal death induced by CT105 overexpression in SK-N-SH cells. Based on morphological examinations by phase-contrast microscopy, PINR reversed apoptotic changes of CT105-expressed cells. It was also found that PINR significantly promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited formation of ROS nd NO. PINR was shown to scavenge DPPH radicals and noncompetitively inhibit AChE activity. Furthermore, it reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rata, assessed by passive avoidance test. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that PINR exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and memory enhancing effects, and therefore may bs beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2004

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old ages. In the future AD will be the largest problem in public health service. From old times, much medicines have been used for treatment of dementia, but there is no medicine having obvious effects. AD is one of brain retrogression disease. So we studied on herbal medicine that have a relation for brain retrogression. From old times, in oriental medicine, senile disease such as dementia and AD is treated by exclusion of Tan(痰). But Vascular Dementia(VsD) is due to YuXue(瘀血). So in recent studies, Hua Xue Hua Yu(活血化瘀) medicine is used for precautionary and medical treatment. We studied on the effects for anti-Alzheimer in pCT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by Hyeolbuchukeo-tang(HCT). As the results of this study, in HCT group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is promoted. These results indicate that HCT possess strong inhibitory effect of apoptosis in the nervous system and repair effect against the degeneration of neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2006

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus is the circadian pacemaker entrained to the 24-hr day by environmental time cues. Major circadian genes such as mPeriod ($mPer1{\sim}3$) and mCryptochrome ($mCry1{\sim}2$) are actively transcribed by the action of CLOCK/BMAL heterodimers, and in turn, these are being suppressed by the mPER/mCRY complex. In the study, the locomotor activity rhythms of mPer1 Knockout (KO) mice are measured, and the expression profiles of Heat Shock Protein 105kDa (HSP 105) genes in the SCN were measured by in situ hybridization. In agreement with previous reports, the locomotor activity rhythm of mPer1 KO mice was much shorter than that of wildtype. In addition, the total bout of activity of mPer1 KO was less in comparison to control mice. The expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of mPer1 KO mice was ranged from CT6 to CT22, with a peak level at CT14, implying that the gene are under the control of circadian clock. However, the expression of HSP 105 in the SCN of wildtype could not be detected in our study. Further analysis will reveal the direct or indirect regulation by mPer1 on the expression in the SCN and the role of the gene in the circadian clock.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 2006

Objective : This research investigates the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. Methods : The effects of the CMT and SCMT on (1) amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT-105; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT-105; (3) the behavior; (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA; (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease mice induced with CT105 & ${\beta}A$ were investigated Rresults : 1. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105 2. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the AChE activity, and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT-105. 3. For the CMT and SCMT group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency 4. The CMT and SCMT suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. 5. The CMT and SCMT reduced the infarction area of hippocampus with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the CMT and SCMT for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is very useful for the quantitative evaluation of internal structures, particularly defects in rock samples, such as pores and fractures. In situ CT allows 3D imaging of a sample subjected to various external treatments such as loading and therefore enables observation of changes that occur during the loading process. We reviewed state-of-the-art of in situ CT applications for geomaterials. Two triaxial cells made using relatively low density but high strength materials were developed aimed at in situ CT scanning during hydro-mechanical laboratory testing of rocks. Preliminary results for in situ CT imaging of granite and sandstone samples with diameters ranging from 25 mm to 50 mm show a resolution range of 34~105 ㎛ per pixel pitch, indicating the feasibility of in situ CT observations for internal structural changes in rocks at the micrometer scale. Potassium iodide solution was found to improve the image contrast, and can be used as an injection fluid for hydro-mechanical testing combined with in situ CT scanning.