• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2161-2166
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• 2009

It is important for 0-6 hour nowcasting to provide for a high-quality initial condition in a meso-scale atmospheric model by a data assimilation of several observation data. The polarimetric radar data is expected to be assimilated into the forecast model, because the radar has a possibility of measurements of the types, the shapes, and the size distributions of hydrometeors. In this paper, an impact on rainfall prediction of the data assimilation of hydrometeor types (i.e. raindrop, graupel, snowflake, etc.) is evaluated. The observed information of hydrometeor types is estimated using the fuzzy logic algorism. As an implementation, the cloud-resolving nonhydrostatic atmospheric model, CReSS, which has detail microphysical processes, is employed as a forecast model. The local ensemble transform Kalman filter, LETKF, is used as a data assimilation method, which uses an ensemble of short-term forecasts to estimate the flowdependent background error covariance required in data assimilation. A heavy rainfall event occurred in Okinawa in 2008 is chosen as an application. As a result, the rainfall prediction accuracy in the assimilation case of both hydrometeor types and the Doppler velocity and the radar echo is improved by a comparison of the no assimilation case. The effects on rainfall prediction of the assimilation of hydrometeor types appear in longer prediction lead time compared with the effects of the assimilation of radar echo only.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2014

This paper presents a concurrent channel time allocation scheme used in the reservation period for concurrent transmissions in 60-GHz wireless personal area networks (WPANs). To this end, the proposed resource allocation scheme includes an efficient method for creating a concurrent transmission group by using a table that indicates whether individual streams experience interference from other streams or not. The coordinator device calculates the number of streams that can be concurrently transmitted with each stream and groups them together on the basis of the calculation result. Then, the coordinator device allocates resources to each group such that the streams belonging to the same group can transmit data concurrently. Therefore, when the piconet coordinator (PNC) allocates the channel time to the individual groups, it should allow for maximizing the overall capacity. The performance evaluation result demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms the random grouping scheme in terms of the overall capacity when the beamwidth is $30^{\circ}C$ and the radiation efficiency is 0.9.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates, playing the role in specifying neuronal fate. In this study we have established first functional link between CREB and human SOX3 gene which both have important roles in the nervous system throughout development and in the adulthood. Here we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that CREB binds to CRE half-site located -195 to -191 within the human SOX3 promoter. Overexpression studies with CREB or its dominant-negative inhibitor A-CREB indicate that this transcription factor acts as a positive regulator of basal SOX3 gene expression in NT2/D1 cells. This is further confirmed by mutational analysis where mutation of CREB binding site results in reduction of SOX3 promoter activity. Our results point at CREB as a positive regulator of SOX3 gene transcription in NT2/D1 cells, while its contribution to RA induction of SOX3 promoter is not prominent.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.454-459
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• 2017

Tumor suppressor candidate 2 (Tusc2, also known as Fus1) regulates calcium signaling, and $Ca^{2+}$-dependent nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathways, which play roles in osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of Tusc2 in osteoclasts remains unknown. Here, we report that Tusc2 positively regulates the differentiation of osteoclasts. Overexpression of Tusc2 in osteoclast precursor cells enhanced receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In contrast, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Tusc2 strongly inhibited osteoclast differentiation. In addition, Tusc2 induced the activation of RANKL-mediated $NF-{\kappa}B$ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV)/cAMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein CREB signaling cascades. Taken together, these results suggest that Tusc2 acts as a positive regulator of RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.601-611
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• 2017

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in one or more of the plasma lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol. Ginseng has been used as a valuable tonic and for the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Jinan red ginseng (JRG) water extract on the blood and serum in rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by poloxamer 407 when supplied in drinking water. JRG treatment was performed for 20 weeks. We evaluated the effects of the JRG treatment on diabetes through hematological and biochemical analysis before and after JRG treatment were performed. Our results indicate that LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly decreased compared prior JRG supply. CRE, BUN, CK and UA levels indicating renal functions are significantly reduced when compared to those prior to the JRG supply. In addition, AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH were significantly reduced indicating hepatoprotective effect. Blood electrolytes deteriorated in HL rabbits were improved when JRG supplied. In conclusion, Biochemical and hematological analysis demonstrate that the JRG is effective to alleviate the hyperlipidemia signs.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.562-573
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teaching-learning programs from the perspective of brain-based learning science. Four units in 5th grade elementary science programs of the Revised 2007 National Curriculum were selected as contents to study. As the brain-based learning science analysis method, equations of the brain compatibleness index (BCI) and contribution degree on the brain compatibleness index (BCICRE) were applied to them. This study showed that there were qualitative and quantitative differences among the analyzed teaching-learning programs through the unit and curriculum. The results showed that hands-on activities like experiments or open inquiry activities improved their evaluation of the teaching-learning programs. From the analyzing, teachers can judge whether each teaching-learning program made considered the brain of the learners. Furthermore, this study can provide useful information to consult of various science teaching-learning programs brain-based learning.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.426-431
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• 2015

Odin has been implicated in the downstream signaling pathway of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor and Eph receptors. However, the physiologically relevant function of Odin needs to be further determined. In this study, we used Odin heterozygous mice to analyze the Odin expression pattern; the targeted allele contained a ${\beta}$-geo gene trap vector inserted into the 14t intron of the Odin gene. Interestingly, we found that Odin was exclusively expressed in ependymal cells along the brain ventricles. In particular, Odin was highly expressed in the subcommissural organ, a small ependymal glandular tissue. However, we did not observe any morphological abnormalities in the brain ventricles or ependymal cells of Odin null-mutant mice. We also generated BAC transgenic mice that expressed the PTB-deleted Odin (dPTB) after a floxed GFP-STOP cassette was excised by tissue-specific Cre expression. Strikingly, Odin-dPTB expression played a causative role in the development of the hydrocephalic phenotype, primarily in the midbrain. In addition, Odin-dPTB expression disrupted proper development of the subcommissural organ and interfered with ependymal cell maturation in the cerebral aqueduct. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Odin plays a role in the differentiation of ependymal cells during early postnatal brain development.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 2004

The lower limit of detection, precision, setting method of target value, reportable range determination, recovery, linearity, and comparison study with another equipment was evaluated for the Toshiba-120FR chemistry autoanalyzer which was newly introduced at the Daejeon Veteran Hospital in Dec. 2003. Nineteen kinds of test for AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, TP, ALB, GLU, T-cho, T-bil, TG, UA, CAL, IP, AMY, HDL-C, LDL-C, Cre and BUN were performed to evaluate the lower limit of detection, precision, setting method of target value, reportable range determination, recovery, linearity, and comparison study with other equipment according to the NCCLS guidelines(EP5-A, EP6-P, EP9-A). The Toshiba-120FR autochemical analyzer showed good precision for all tested items. The data concerning the lower limit of detection, precision(total CV 0.47%~3.65%), setting method of target value, reportable range determination, recovery(93%~111%), linearity($R^2=0.997{\sim}0.999$), and comparison study(r=0.977~0.999) with other equipment was acceptable for all tested items. The results of evaluation for the Toshiba-120FR autochemical analyzer showed that this equipment could be used as an alternative to other equipment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8B
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• pp.677-686
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• 2012

In the presence of a high power cellular network, picocells are added to a Macro-cell layout aiming to enhance total system throughput from cell-splitting. While because of the different transmission power between macrocell and picocell, and co-channel interference challenges between the existing macrocell and the new low power node-picocell, these problems result in no substantive improvement to total system effective throughput. Some works have investigated on these problems. Pico Cell Range Expansion (CRE) technique tries to employ some methods (such as adding a bias for Pico cell RSRP) to drive to offload some UEs to camp on picocells. In this work, we propose two solution schemes (including cell selection method, channel allocation and serving process) and combine new adaptive frequency partitioning reuse scheme to improve the total system throughput. In the simulation, we evaluate the performances of heterogeneous networks for downlink transmission in terms of channel utilization per cell (pico and macro), call blocking probability, outage probability and effective throughput. The simulation results show that the call blocking probability and outage probability are reduced remarkably and the throughput is increased effectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-401
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• 2009

Olig2 transcription factor is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system; therefore, it is considered to have multiple functions in the developing, mature and injured brain. In this mini-review, we focus on Olig2 in the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon) and discuss the functional significance of Olig2 and the differentiation properties of Olig2-expressing progenitors in the development and injured states. Short- and long-term lineage analysis in the developing forebrain elucidated that not all late Olig2+ cells are direct cohorts of early cells and that Olig2 lineage cells differentiate into neurons or glial cells in a region- and stage-dependent manner. Olig2-deficient mice revealed large elimination of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and a decreased number of astrocyte progenitors in the dorsal cortex, whereas no reduction in the number of GABAergic neurons. In addition to Olig2 function in the developing cortex, Olig2 is also reported to be important for glial scar formation after injury. Thus, Olig2 can be essential for glial differentiation during development and after injury.