• 센서학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1996

Pt/Cr 이중층과 E-beam으로 증착된 산화막으로 구성된 발열체의 발열특성과 열처리 온도에 따른 Pt/Cr 이중층의 전기적, 구조적 특성을 살펴보았다. E-beam으로 증착된 산화막을 갖는 발열체의 표면 방사율(${\varepsilon}$)은 0.5임을 열전대와 I.R. Thermo-Vision System을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 열처리전 Pt/Cr의 면저항은 Cr의 두께와는 무관한데, 이는 백금과 크롬의 계면에 형성된 산화크롬에 의한 것으로 사료되며, 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 Cr의 외부확산이 증대되고, Pt(220)면의 결정립이 성장함을 AES 분석결과와 SEM 촬영, XRD 분석을 통하여 알 수 있었다. 열처리 온도에 따른 특성 분석결과, $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 Pt/Cr 이중층이 안정된 결정구조를 갖음을 XRD, AES 분석결과로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2009

In the microelectronics packaging industry, the adhesion strength between Cu and polyimide and the thermal stability are very important factors, as they influence the performance and reliability of the device. The three different buffer layers of Cr, 50%Cr-50%Ni, and Ni were adopted in a Cu/buffer layer/polyimide system and compared in terms of their adhesion strength and thermal stability at a temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs. A 90-degree peel test and XPS analysis revealed that both the peel strength and thermal stability decreased in the order of the Cr, 50%Cr-50%Ni and Ni buffer layer. The XPS analysis revealed that Cu can diffuse through the thin Ni buffer layer ($200{\AA}$), resulting in a decrease in the adhesion strength when the Cu/buffer layer/polyimide multilayer is heat-treated at a temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs. In contrast, Cu did not diffuse through the Cr buffer layer under the same heat-treatment conditions.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

Effect of tempering treatment on the mechanical properties of 12Cr heat resistant steel with ferrite phase was investigate in this study. As time and temperature of tempering treatment were increase, C and Cr contents in matrix structure were decreased. Due to increase of the amount of Cr26C6 type carbides. It was confirmed in mechanical properties experimental that tensile strength and hardness were decreased, while elongation and impact value were, increased with increasing the time and temperature.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.854-858
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• 2010

In this study, we have investigated the effects of Cr dopant on the sintering and electrical properties of ZnO-$Sb_2O_3$ (ZS) ceramics for varistor application. Spinel phases including $\alpha-$ and $\beta$-type was formed at ZS system and $\alpha$-spinel was stabilized by Cr doping in ZS system. Densification of ZS and ZSCr system was retarded to $1000^{\circ}C$ by the formation of spinel at $800^{\circ}C$. The morphology and its distribution of spinel phases in ZS system was homogeneous but disturbed by Cr doping. In ZSCr the densification of ZnO compared with ZS system was more retarded by low concentration of Zn interstitial defects induced by Cr doping in addition to the effect of spinel phase formation. The defects in each system were identified as attractive coulombic center (ZS: 0.13 eV, ZSCr: 0.12 eV) and singly charged oxygen vacancy $V_0^{\cdot}$ (ZSCr: 0.33 eV). In all ZS and ZSCr system have week varistor behavior by the formation of double Schottky barrier at grain boundary but its stability of barrier was very sensitive to sintering temperature.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권5A호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2011

FCC는 디지털 방송 전환 후 발생되는 TVWS에서의 효율적인 스펙트럼 활용을 위해 비면허 시스템의 주파수 사용을 허용하였다. 다양한 면허 사용자 및 비면허 CR 사용자가 공존하는 환경에서 최적 채널 선택을 위해서는 우선 채널 사용 현황 파악이 요구된다. 데이터베이스를 통해 제공되는 면허 사용자 채널 정보 외에는 센싱 알고리즘을 통한 검출이 필요한데 본 논문에서는 단일 채널 수신만으로 채널 본딩된 비면허 CR 신호까지 검출할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 전산 모의 실험 결과 IEEE 802.11af 신호는 단일 채널의 경우에는 SNR=-18dB, 8 채널 본딩 신호의 경우에는 SNR=-7dB에서 검출 확률이 90% 이상으로 나타났으며, 동일 조건에서 ECMA 392 신호는 단일 채널의 경우에는 SNR=-14dB, 8 채널 본딩 신호의 경우에는 SNR=-6dB로 나타났다. 결과적으로 제안 알고리즘을 통해 단일 채널 수신만으로 채널 본딩 신호의 검출이 가능해짐으로써 전채널 센싱 소요 시간의 감소 및 시스템 오버헤드를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2003

The surface morphology, the glossiness and the hardness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-X(X:Co, Mn) alloy electrodeposits were investigated by using chloride bath with EDTA additive and flow cell system. The surface morphology of Zn-Cr alloy and Zn-Cr-Mn alloy changed from fine needle shape crystalline structure to colony structure of fine granular crystallites with increasing current density in the range of 20-100 $A/dm^2$. The surface morphology of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from low Co concentration bath(2.5-10 g/$\ell$) was similar to that of Zn-Cr alloy, while that of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from high cobalt concentration bath was fine granular crystalline structure in the same range of current density. The glossiness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-Mn alloy increased noticeably with increasing current density, while that of Zn-Cr-Mn alloy decreased with increasing Mn concentration of bath in high current density region. The glossiness of Zn-Cr-Co alloy deposited from low Co concentration bath increased with current density while that of the alloy from high Co concentration bath decreased with increasing current density. The hardness of Zn-Cr and Zn-Cr-X alloy increased noticeably with current density.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2015

덩치상태에서 반쪽금속성을 나타내는 $(AlP)_1/(CrP)_1$ 초격자계에서 (001) 표면의 자성과 반쪽금속성에 대해 FLAPW (Full-potential Liniarized Augmented Plane Wave) 방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. (001) 표면이 나타나는 Al(S)-, Cr(S)-, P(S)Al(S-1)- 및 P(S)Cr(S-1)-term 계 등 모두 네 가지 표면계를 고려하였다. 계산결과 Cr(S)-term 계만 정수배의 보어마그네톤의 자기모멘트를 가져 표면에서 반쪽금속성이 유지됨을 알았다. 이 계에서 표면 Cr 원자의 자기모멘트는 띠좁힘과 스핀분리의 증가 등의 표면효과로 인해 덩치상태에 비해 증가한 $3.02{\mu}_B$였다. P(S)Al(S-1)-term 계에서 표면 P(S)층의 상태밀도는 $p_z$ 상태의 국소화로 인해 매우 예리한 표면상태의 봉우리를 보여 주었으며, P(S)Cr(S-1)-term의 경우 P(S)층과 Cr(S-1)층 사이에 큰 혼합이 존재하였고, 그 결과 P(S)층의 자기모멘트는 $-0.33{\mu}_B$이었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.875-879
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• 2010

In this study, we have characterized the roles of $Cr_2O_3$ on the sintering and electrical properties of ZnO. The densification and grain growth of Cr-doped ZnO (ZCr) system was mainly influenced by Cr contents. In the beginning of sintering, the densification of ZnO was retarded as reducing the Zni concentration in ZnO lattice with Cr doping. And the densification and grain growth of ZnO was more retarded due to a formation of spinel phase with increasing the Cr contents. ZCr system revealed varistor behavior with nonlinear coefficient $\alpha$ of 3~23 depending on the sintering temperature, implying double Schottky barrier formation on the grain boundary of ZnO. Especially the best varistor characteristics should be developed with 0.1~0.5 at% Cr contents and under $1100^{\circ}C$ in ZCr systems.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2005

The effect of micro-pulse plasma nitriding temperature and time on the case thickness, hardness and nitride formation in the surface of Fe-12Cr-22Mn-X alloy with 3% Co and 1% Ti alloys elements investigated. External compound layer and internal diffusion layer was constituted in plasma nitride case of Fe-12Cr-22Mn-X alloys and formed nitride phase such as ${\gamma}'-Fe4N\;and\;{\varepsilon}-Fe2-3N$. Case depth increased with increasing the plasma nitriding temperature and time. Surface hardness of nitrided Fe-12Cr-22Mn-X alloys obtained the above value of Hv 1,600 and case depth obtained the above value of $45{\mu}m$ in Fe-12Cr-22Mn-3Co alloy and $60{\mu}m$ in Fe-12Cr-22Mn-1Ti alloy. Wear-resistance increased with increasing plasma nitriding time and showing the higher value in Fe-12Cr-22Mn-1Ti alloy than Fe-12Cr-22Mn-3Co alloy.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 1980

CaO was added to the $MgAlCrO_4$ spinel, a main component of the mag-chro refractroies, by 0, 1, 5 and 10 mol% before sintering at 135$0^{\circ}C$ in air. The X-ray diffraction analysis produced an additional X-ray diffraction pattern of 8CaO.$6Al_2O_3$.$2CrO_3$ besides that of $MgAlCrO_4$. The formation of 8CaO.$6Al_2O_3$.$2CrO_3$ was interpreted as due to the presence of CaO.8CaO.$6Al_2O_3$.$2CrO_3$ was unstable and easily vaporized. It was concluded that formation of the unstable pollutant 8CaO.$6Al_2O_3$.$2CrO_3$ could be prevented in reducing atmospheres. It was found that the basic refractories containing $Al_2 O_3 -CaO-Cr_2 O_3$ system would be more stable and much less toxic in reducing at mospheres than in oxidizing stmosphere.