• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1976

A microbial strain capable of degrading ABS (alkyl benzene sulfonate) was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas caryophylli. During the incubation of the isolated bacterium in a synthetic effluent containing 10 ppm of ABS, the extents of removal of ABS, BOD and COD were 40％, 89％ and 71％, respectively. The degradability of ABS by pure culture with the isolated strain was twice higher than that of mixed culture with natural microflora. The biodegradability of some commercial detergents in Korea by the isolated organism was as follows: Hiti 46.2％, Kleenup 37.5％, No.1 29％, and OK 27.9％.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

In this study, continuous microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were operated using non-precious metal catalysts such as iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (CoTMPP)) as alternative cathode catalysts for platinum. To evaluate MFCs performance, operational conditions of organic loading rate (OLR) (0.5~3 g COD/L/d) and hydraulic retention rate (HRT) (0.25~1 day) were changed. Power density of MFCs were determined by cathode electrode performance. The maximum power density was $3.3W/m^3$ with platinum at OLR 3 g COD/L/d. Given each HRTs at 1 g COD/L/d, FePc showed to be a better alternative for platinum than CoTMPP because the power density of MFC with FePc was similar to that of MFC with platinum. CoTMPP catalyst, however, showed the lowest power density due to increase of internal resistance during continuous operation.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 1996

A growth study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density on performance of juvenile fat cod (Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks.). Fish averaging 13 g were stocked into duplicate tanks ($250\;{\ell}$ each) at four different densities of 330 g/$100\;{\ell},\;660\;g/100\;{\ell},\;990\;g/\;100\;{\ell}$, and $1330\;g/100\;{\ell}$, and fed MP diet containing $50\%$ frozen horse mackerel and $50\%$ commercial binder meal for 2 months. Weight gain, feed efficiency, survival rate, and protein retention were decreased as density increased. Whereas these parameters were not significantly different (P>0.01) fish stocked at initial stocking densities of $330\;g/100\;{\ell},\;660\;/g/100\;{\ell}\;and\;990\;g/100\;{\ell}$. Moisture and lipid content of whole body were not affected by stocking densities (P>0.01). These results indicate that stocking density should be considered, and $1{\~}2$ kg fish/$100\;{\ell}$ final stocking density for juvenile fat cod could be used to decrease production cost for the indoor tank (culture) system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1626-1630
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• 2006

본 논문의 목적은 설마천 시험유역을 대상으로 2005년의 신뢰성 있는 수문 수질자료를 바탕으로 유역의 유출거동에 따른 수질인자와의 상관관계를 분석하는데 있다. 시험유역에서는 10분 단위의 연속적인 우량 및 수위관측과 연간 30회 이상의 유량측정성과를 통하여 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하여 유량을 산정하고 있으며, 수질분석을 위한 시료채취는 유량측정시 현장에서 채취하여 실험실에서 분석하였다. 실험실에서 분석한 항목은 DO, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, F, Cl, $NO_3-N,\;SO_4$, pH, 전기전도도로 총 11개 항목으로 수질측정은 우기가 시작되는 시기인 $6{\sim}9$월에 집중적으로 측정 분석하였으며, 강우가 시작되기 직전과 강우가 시작되어 유량이 증가되는 시기를 선정하여 각각 20회의 시료를 채취하여 분석하였다. 측정된 수질자료를 이용하여 2개 측정지점에 대한 각 항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 강우가 시작되기 직전과 강우기에 대하여 각 항목간의 상관분석을 수행하였다. 그리고, 선행강우의 일수에 따라 유출의 거동에 따른 BOD, COD, DO, T-N, pH의 농도변화를 비교 검토하였다. 2개 지점의 상관분석 결과는 오염물질간 상관성이 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며, 강우가 시작되기 직전과 강우기에 대한 각 항목간의 상관분석 결과는 유량은 전기전도도 항목과 상관도가 높게 나타났을 뿐 다른 항목은 없었으며, 수질항목간 상관도도 유기물질들 사이에서만 상관성을 나타내었다. 비강우기에는 질소성분의 항목과 전기전도도가 높은 상관도를 나타내었지만 강우기에는 유기물질과 질소성분의 항목간에 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 선행강우의 일수에 따라 유출의 거동에 따른 BOD, COD, DO, T-N, pH의 농도변화를 비교 검토한 결과 선행강우일수가 클수록 전반적으로 DO, COD, BOD의 농도는 수문곡선의 형상과 비슷하게 증가 하였다가 감소하는 결과를 보이고 있으며, T-N은 선행강우일수가 큰 상태에서는 농도가 증가하였으나 선행강우가 작을수록 일정한 경향을 보이고 있다. 그리고, pH는 홍수기의 유량의 변화에 관계없이 일정한 값을 유지를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 2009

강원도 홍천군에 위치한 기타광물질 지역의 유출과 수질농도의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구기간동안 13회의 강우사상에 대하여 모니터링을 실시하였다. 13회의 강우모니터링 기간동안 발생한 강우량은 6.5 ${\sim}$ 149.0 mm의 범위를 나타냈고, 유출계수는 0.28${\sim}$0.98의 범위를 나타냈다. 유출률은 수리, 수문,지형 및 지질학적 특성 등 여러 가지 요인에 의하여 변화할 수 있다. 어느 한 지역의 강우사상에서 강우량과 강우강도 그리고 선행무강우일수 등의 수리, 수문학적 특성은 유출량과 유출율의 크기에 큰 영향을 준다. 강우량과 선행무강우일수 그리고 강우강도와 유출율의 상관관계에서 유출률은 강우량과 강우강도가 증가할수록 선행무강우일수가 감소할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 유출율과 강우량, 선행무강우일수, 평균강우강도 그리고 최대강우강도의 Pearson 상관계수는 0.75857, -0.36346, 0.68323 그리고 0.74594로 나타났으며, 강우량, 평균강우강도, 최대강우강도는 유의수준 0.05에서 통계적으로 유의하며 유출율과 강우량의 관계가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 기타광물질 지역의 수질농도들 사이의 상관관계는 $COD_{Cr}$과 $COD_{Mn}$에서 0.81097로 가장 큰 상관계수가 나타났으며, 유기물질인 $COD_{Cr}$, $COD_{mn}$, BOD 그리고 TOC는 통계적으로 유의한 상관 계수를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 유기물을 제외한 다른 수질항목은 큰 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기타광물질 지역의 유출수와 수질농도의 특성을 더 신뢰성있고 과학적으로 검증하기 위한 장기적인 연구와 노력이 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Water for future
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 1992

This study was to determine the static acute toxicity on Daphnia magna for the Electric cable Factory Wastewater. Activated sludge process was used to treat the wastewater with three different F/M ratios, 0.36, 0.2, 0.1 mg COD/day.mg MLSS. The results of laboratory bioassay with Daphnia magna were as follows. 1)24hr, 48hr-LC$ of the influent were 17.33% and 11.73%. 2)24hr-LC $ of effluents treated with F/M ratio 0.36,0.26 and 0.1mg COD/day.mg MLSS were 26.69% 32.70% and 38.36% respectively, 48-LC$ of these effluents were 14.48% 27.88% and 31.58% respectively. 3)According to various F/M ratios, the ratios of dffluent 48hr-LC$ to filtrated 48hr-LC$ were 1.58, 1.83 and 1.47respectively 4)Activated sludge process effluents treated with activated carbon had little toxicity on Daphnia magna.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1081-1088
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• 2009

The performance of a electrocoagulation (EC) process was examined for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) using iron electrode. The effects of operational parameters such as electrode material (aluminum and iron), current density, NaCl dosage, intial pH and initial dye concentration on RhB removal efficiency were investigated. The optimum range for each of these operating variables were experimentally determined. The experimental results showed that the iron is superior to aluminum as sacrificial electrode material. The optimum time of electrolysis, current density, NaCl dosage and pH were 10 min, 1630 A/$m^2$, 4 g/L and neutral pH, respectively. Under these conditions, RhB was effectively removed (> 93.4%) and also more than 80% of COD was removed (> 88.9%) when the initial concentration of RhB was 230 mg/L. The electrical energy consumption in the above conditions for the color and COD of RhB removal were 10.3 and 10.8 kWh/kg RhB, respectively. The electrocoagulation process could be a promising technology to treat dye wastewater containing RhB.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

A study was made on the synthesis of a carbonate base nitrogen-free deliming agent using a non-phosgene compound applicable to the deliming process, which is one of the biggest sources of pollutant increasing the T-N concentration in the effluent from the leather making processes. And also studied on the possibility of using the agent in the deliming process. Through measurement of T-N, BOD, COD and SS in the effluent after the agent is used, contents of Ca and Cr and TS in the leather after the deliming process were measured, by which deliming efficiency, influences to the physical properties of the chromium tanned leather and reducing effects of T-N, BOD, COD and SS concentrations in the effluent could be confirmed. Thus an eco-friendly study has been conducted.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2014

A membrane-coupled sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) was used for the advanced treatment of rural village sewage which is very low C/N ratio. The effect of powdered activated carbon, aeration rate, and external organic material loadings on the treatment efficiency and filtration performance were investigated in sequencing batch reactor, in which a flat-sheet type microfiltration membrane with a pore size of $0.4{\mu}m$ was submerged. At the initial operation (within 54 days) MLSS concentration, and the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were increased with the increase of C/N ratio. After 89 days the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were 97.1%, 75.0%, and 48.3%, respectively. Suspended solid-free effluent was obtained by membrane filtration. The T-P removal was relatively low because of depending on the amount of excess sludge wasting. During the operation of MSBR with powdered activated carbon, the particle size of the sludge reduced by the increase of collision frequency and mixing intensity. In comparison with MSBR without powdered activated carbon, TMP of MSBR with that was significantly elevated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2015

To assess environmental characteristics of the aquaculture area in Tongyeong, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfur (AVS) were measured in seawater and sediment samples collected from 10 locations of Tongyeong coastal area from July to December in 2013. The quality of the seawater may be affected by seasonal variation rather than the distance from fish farm. However, sediment was contrary to seawater; the distance from fish farm may be a main factor to affect COD and AVS in sediment than season and other parameters. It is expected that contaminated organic sediments of fishery located in semi-closed bay are rapidly dispersed into surrounding waters due to fast current.