• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2011

The current world wide interest in environmental issues has moved from energy conservation to $CO_2$emission reduction. Recently, according to the increase in demand for water resources, insufficient potable water circumstance is supposed, unless there are corresponding in crease in water conservation and water recycling. This study has attempted to analyze $CO_2$emission reduction by water saving strategies like installation water saving devices, rain water harvesting and grey water system. To do this, this research investigates applicable water conservative strategies by literature review and calculated total water saving. The results show that (1) firstly, the water usage and $CO_2$ emission could be reduced up to 44%, (2) $CO_2$ emission reduction by water saving devices and rainwater harvesting system is about 47.7%, and (3) water usage and $CO_2$ emission reduction by grey water system is about 66%. In the future, this paper will be utilized for water management from the early design stage to maintenance stage of water glutton building.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.462-471
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• 2022

In this study, the electrochemical impedance characteristics of CO₂/H₂O co-reduction to produce CO/H₂ syngas were investigated in a low-temperature single cell. The effect of the operating conditions on the single-cell performance was evaluated at different feed concentrations and cell voltages, and the corresponding electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data were collected and analyzed. The Nyquist plots exhibited two semicircles with separated characteristic frequencies of approximately 1 kHz and tens of Hz. The high-frequency semicircles, which depend only on the catholyte concentration, could be correlated to the charge transfer processes in competitive CO₂ reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions at the cathodes. The EIS characteristics of the CO₂/H₂O co-reduction single cell could be explained by the equivalent circuit suggested in this study. In this circuit, the cathodic mass transfer and anodic charge transfer processes are collectively represented by a parallel combination of resistance and a constant phase element to show low-frequency semicircles. Through nonlinear fitting using the equivalent circuit, the parameters for each electrochemical element, such as polarization resistances for high- and low-frequency processes, could be quantified as functions of feed concentration and cell voltage.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고유가 시대의 대안으로 정부에서 추진하고 있는 농촌형 녹색마을에 재생에너지를 도입하는 경우 $CO_2$ 저감효과를 분석하고, 재생에너지의 보급 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 전라북도 G시에 조성하고 있는 소규모 농촌형 녹색마을의 에너지 잠재량을 조사한 결과 태양에너지를 이용하면 연간 6.73 GWh의 전력생산이 가능하고, 바이오매스로는 연간 134.06 GWh의 전략생산이 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 전체 전력생산량은 연간 233.19 GWh로서 대상지역에서 연간 사용하고 있는 총 에너지 소비량 705.80 GWh의 33%를 부담할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 이산화탄소 감축잠재량을 산정한 결과 농산부산물은 1,891 ton_$CO_2$, 축산폐기물은 43,635 ton_$CO_2$, 도시폐기물은 395 ton_$CO_2$, 임산부산물은 50,324 ton_$CO_2$로 분석되었으며, 바이오매스로 인한 효과는 연간 총 96,245 ton_$CO_2$ 으로 나타났다. 또한 태양광에너지 2,251 ton_$CO_2$, 태양열에너지 1,383.3 ton_$CO_2$로 태양에너지로 인한 효과는 3,634 ton_$CO_2$이었으며, 총 99,879 ton_$CO_2$의 배출을 감축할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2010

High purity hydrogen, 97-99 vol.%, with CO at just ppm levels was obtained in a fixed bed of iron oxide employing the steam-iron cycle operation with reduction at 823K and oxidation in a steam-$N_2$ mixture at 773K TGA experiments indicated that temperature of the reduction step as well as its duration are important for preventing carbon build-up in iron and the intrusion of $CO_2$ into the hydrogen product. At a reduction temperature of 823K, oxide reduction by $H_2$ was considerably faster than reduction by CO. If the length of the reduction step exceeds optimal value, low levels of methane gas appeared in the off-gas. Furthermore, with longer durations of the reduction step and CO levels in the reducing gas greater than 10 vol.%, carbidization of the iron and/or carbon deposition in the bed exhibited the increasing pressure drop over the bed, eventually rendering the reactor inoperable. Reduction using a reducing gas containing 10 vol.% CO and a optimal reduction duration gave constant $H_2$ flow rates and off-gas composition over 10 redox reaction cycles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1763-1768
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• 2006

The application of poly(Co(II)-(1,8-diaminonaphthalene))(poly(Co-DAN)) and poly(1,8-diaminonaphthalene) (Poly(1,8-DAN)) to the electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen was investigated, which were electrochemically grown by the potential cycling method on the glassy carbon electrodes. The reduction of oxygen at the polymer and its metal complex polymer coated electrodes were irreversible and diffusion controlled. The Poly(1,8-DAN) and Poly(Co-DAN) films revealed the potential shifts for the oxygen reduction to 30 mV and 110 mV, respectively, in an aqueous solution, compared with that of the bare electrode. Hydrodynamic voltammetry with a rotating ring-disk electrode showed that Poly(1,8-DAN) and Poly(Co-DAN) coated electrodes converted respectively 84% and 22% of $O_2$ to $H_2O$ via a four electron reduction pathway.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2016

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have given rise to climate change which is one of the most serious environmental challenges that the world faces today. In response, Republic of Korea has proposed "Low Carbon, Green Growth" as a new economic paradigm accompanying with the ultimate aim of building a sense of responsibility for the environment. Korean government has set the ambitious national GHG emission reduction target which aims 37% reduction in the business-as-usual (BAU) level of 2030. The transportation sector plays a key role in this target. In the transportation sector, the GHG reduction target of 34.3% in the BAU level by 2020 has been allocated in order to consider the industrial specificity. Furthermore, it is known that the GHG reduction in the transportation sector has relatively minimal side effects compared to those of other sectors. In order to meet this national GHG reduction target, Korean government has set $CO_2$ emission regulation of vehicle for 2020. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effects by the average GHG regulation of vehicles. $CO_2$ emissions, between 2009 and 2013 were analysed by reduction measure such as technology improvement, light-weight, segment shift, diesel vehicle sales. During this period, $CO_2$ of vehicle was reduced every year by 19.9 g/km (i.e., 3.3% reduction per year). $CO_2$ reduction of imported vehicle is greater than domestic vehicle because of segment shift toward small size vehicle and higher diesel vehicle sales.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2023

Emitted CO₂ is an attractive material for microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction (i.e., microbial electrosynthesis, MES) using biocatalysts has advantages compared to conventional CO₂ reduction using electrocatalysts. However, MES has several challenges, including electrode performance, biocatalysts, and reactor optimization. In this study, an MES system was investigated for optimizing reactor types, counter electrode materials, and CO₂-converting microorganisms to achieve effective CO₂ upcycling. In autotrophic cultivation (supplementation of CO₂ and H₂), CO₂ consumption of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was observed to be four times higher than that with heterotrophic cultivation (supplementation of succinic acid). The bacterial growth in an MES reactor with a single-chambered shape was two times higher than that with a double chamber (H-type MES reactor). Moreover, a single-chambered MES reactor equipped with titanium mesh as the counter electrode (anode) showed markedly increased current density in the graphite felt as a working electrode (cathode) compared to that with a graphite felt counter electrode (anode). These results demonstrate that the optimized conditions of a single chamber and titanium mesh for the counter electrode have a positive effect on microbial electrochemical CO₂ reduction.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.816-817
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• 2007

As UNFCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) is enhanced, Korea will perform a CO2 reduction duty. The CO2 reduction duty will effect Korea power system because coal and oil thermal generations emit large CO2 form about 46% of total CO2 emission. Moreover various alternatives should be designed to comply with CO2 reduction duty. In this paper, we analysis resource planning considering CO2 emission constraints and emission trading. And we analysis resource planning under using LP(Linear Programing) and MIP(Mixed Integer Programing).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.754-760
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• 1998

It was found that the adsorption of a cobalt(III) complex with a macrocyclic ligand, C-meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (hmc), was induced on a glassy carbon electrode by heavily oxidizing the electrode surface. Adsorption properties are discussed. The glassy carbon electrode with the adsorbed complex was employed to see the catalytic activities for the electro-reduction of O2. In the presence of oxygen, reduction of (hmc)Co3+ showed two cathodic waves in cyclic voltammetry. Compared to the edge plane graphite electrode at which two cathodic waves were also observed in a previous study, catalytic reduction of O2 occurred in the potential region of the first wave while it happened in the second wave region with the other electrode. A rotating disk electrode after the same treatment was employed to study the mechanism of the O2 reduction and two-electron reduction of O2 was observed. The difference from the previous results was explained by the different reactivity of the (hmc)CoOOH2+ intermediate, which is produced after the two electron reduction of (hmc)Co3+ in the presence of O2.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2015

This study investigates Cu(II) complexes of cyclam, propylene cross-bridged cyclam (PCB-cyclam), and propylene cross-bridged cyclam diacetate (PCB-TE2A) as homogeneous electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction in comparison with Ni(II)-cyclam. It is found that Cu(II)-cyclam can catalyze CO₂ reduction at the potential close to its thermodynamic value (0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.45) on a glassy carbon electrode. Cu(II)-cyclam, however, suffers from severe demetalation due to the insufficient stability of Cu(I)-cyclam. Cu(II)-PCB-cyclam and Cu(II)-PCB-TE2A are revealed to exhibit much less demetalation behavior, but poor CO₂ reduction activities as well. The inferior electrocatalytic ability of Cu(II)-PCB-cyclam is ascribed to its redox potential that is too high for CO₂ reduction, and that of Cu(II)-PCB-TE2A to the steric hindrance preventing facile contact with CO₂ molecules. This study suggests that in addition to the redox potential and chemical stability, the stereochemical aspect has to be considered in designing efficient electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction.