• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.837-839
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• 2005

ORIRES developed by ESI, Russia is a linear programming (LP) model to optimize electric power system operation and planning. Since ORIRES requires data relatively less than other models, it is suitable for northeast asia where imposes restriction against data acquisition. In this paper, we analyze the economic imparts of the environmental regulation on the interstate electric power system in northeast asia. For the rational evaluation of environmental effectiveness, CO2 emission constraints are incorporated into ORIRES.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2007

Most decision makers in the electricity industry plan their electric power expansion program by considering only a least cost operation, even when circumstances change with differing complexities. It is necessary, however, to analyze a long-term power expansion plan from various points of view, such as environmental friendliness, benefit of a carbon reduction, and system reliability, as well as least cost operation. The objective and approach of this study is to analyze the proper role of nuclear power in a long-term expansion plan by comparing different scenarios in terms of the system cost changes, $CO_2$ emission reduction, and system reliability in relation to the Business-As-Usual (BAU). The conclusion of this paper makes it clear that the Korean government cannot but expand the nationwide nuclear power program, because an increased energy demand is inevitable and other energy resources will not provide an adequate solution from an economic and sustainability point of view. The results of this analysis will help the Korean government in its long-term resource planning of what kinds of role each electric resource can play in terms of a triangular dilemma involving economics, environmental friendliness, and a stable supply of electricity.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2023

This paper presents an optimization of the reinforced concrete ribbed slab in terms of minimum CO₂ emissions and an economic justification of the final optimal design. The design variables are six geometry variables including the slab thickness, the ribs spacing, the rib width at the lower and toper end, the depth of the rib and the bar diameter of the reinforcement, and the seventh variable defines the concrete strength. The objective function is considered to be the minimum amount of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) emission and at the same time, the optimal design is economical. Seven significant design constraints of American Concrete Institute's Standard were considered. A robust metaheuristic optimization method called improved dolphin echolocation and ant colony optimization (IDEACO) has been used to obtain the best possible answer. At optimal design, the three most important sources of CO₂ emissions include concrete, steel reinforcement, and formwork that the contribution of them are 63.72, 32.17, and 4.11 percent respectively. Formwork, concrete, steel reinforcement, and CO₂ are the four most important sources of cost with contributions of 67.56, 19.49, 12.44, and 0.51 percent respectively. Results obtained by IDEACO show that cost and CO₂ emissions are closely related, so the presented method is a practical solution that was able to reduce the cost and CO₂ emissions simultaneously.

• Architectural research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

This study aims to find out sector effects with the appraisal of building energy systems of urban ecosystem considering cost effects and environmental constraints condition such as climatic change factors including $CO_2$ gas which are not dealt in the institutional boundary as components standards and performance standards on energy performance of each part of a building applied on heavy energy spending buildings at present. The results of the appraisal of building energy systems shows that the existing building energy systems are not enough to fulfil the environmental condition under the environmental constraints supposing QELROs(Quantified Emission Limitation and Reduction Objectives) of carbon-dioxide exhaust. Henceforth, it is needed to fulfill the environmental criteria required by the Climatic Change Agreement for improving the adiabatic performance of each part of a building and active using of the solar energy.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

유럽연합(EU)은 2012년부터 항공산업에 대해 탄소배출권 거래제도를 적용할 예정이다. 따라서 유럽공항에서 출발 및 도착하는 모든 국제선과 국내선 항공편에 대해 탄소세가 부과될 것이며 이는 한국도 예외는 아니다. 또한 유럽을 운항하는 경우 장거리에 해당되어 중단거리를 운항하는 항공기들에 비해 총 탄소배출량이 더 많으므로 비용부담이 커질 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 EU-ETS로 인한 탄소세가 항공요금에 반영된다면 항공여객들이 어느 정도 민감하게 반응할 것이며 이러한 점들이 궁극적으로 한국의 항공시장에 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인지를 파악해 보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 인천국제공항에서 프랑크푸르트 국제공항 노선을 이용하는 승객을 대상으로 직항노선과 중동지역 경유노선을 비교하여 EU-ETS 가격이 반영된 항공요금에 대한 반응을 Revealed Preference (RP)와 Stated Preference (SP) 설문자료와 Logit Model을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 한국의 항공산업은 물론 2012년부터 부과될 EU-ETS에 대한 항공사들의 전략개발에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.453-472
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• 2014

2015년부터 도입예정인 탄소 배출권거래제의 파급효과를 분석하는 데 있어서 산업별, 기업별 $CO_2$ 저감비용에 대한 정확한 산정이 요구된다. 기업이 환경규제 등 제약된 환경에서 생산 활동을 할 경우 생산요소의 투입과정에서 비효율적 배분으로 인한 생산비용의 증가가 초래되어 비용최소화 달성에 실패할 개연성이 높아진다. $CO_2$ 암묵가격을 측정한 기존 거리함수접근법은 투입요소 간 비효율적 배분 비용을 반영하지 못함에 따라 $CO_2$ 저감비용을 과소평가할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 거리함수접근법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 국내 철강업을 대상으로 비용함수접근법을 사용하여 1990-2010 기간 동안 투입요소 간 비효율적 배분 여부를 검증하고, $CO_2$ 한계저감비용을 추정하였다. 투입요소 간 배분 효율성 달성은 기각되었으며, 표본기간 동안 $CO_2$ 1톤 감축하는 데 연평균 92,000원의 비용을 지불한 것으로 나타났다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2023

Automotive wheel bearings are a critical component of vehicles that support their weight and facilitate rotation. Life and stiffness are significant performance characteristics of wheel bearings. Designing wheel bearings involves finding optimal design variables that satisfy both performances. CO₂ emission reduction and fuel efficiency regulations attribute to the recent increase in design requirements for lightweight and compact automotive parts while maintaining performance. However, achieving a design that maintains performance while reducing weight poses challenges, as performance and weight are generally inversely proportional. In this study, we perform design optimization of automotive wheel bearings considering life and stiffness. We develop a program that calculates the basic rated life and modified rated life based on international standards for evaluating the life of wheel bearings. We develop a regression equation using regression analysis to address the time-consuming stiffness analysis during repetitive analysis. We perform ANOVA and main effect analyses to understand the statistical characteristics of the developed regression equation. Furthermore, we verify its reliability by comparing the predicted and test results. We perform design optimization using the developed life prediction program, stiffness regression equation and weight regression equation. We select bearing specifications and geometry as design variables, weight as the cost function, and life and stiffness as constraints. Through design optimization, we investigate the influence of design variables on the cost function and constraints by comparing the initial and optimal design values.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.55.2-56
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• 2021

The progenitor of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is mainly believed to be a close binary system of acarbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) and non-degenerate companion (single degenerate) or another WD (double degenerate). However, it is unclear which system is more prevalent. Here, we present a high cadence optical/Near-IR light curve of normal but slightly faint type Ia SN 2019ein from IMSNG project. We fit the early light curve (t <+8.3 days from the first detection) with various models to find the shock-heated cooling emission from SN ejecta-companion interaction. No significant shock-heated cooling emission is found, from which we constrain the progenitor star size as the following. The upper limit (R_upper,*) of the companion size in R-band is ~0.2R_⊙ when forcing the first light time (t_fl) to have one value and ~0.9R_⊙ when using the mean value of tfl from the fitting in each band. Assuming the source of the I-band curve is almost powered from the radioactive decay, we obtained R_upper,*~1.2R_⊙. The early B-V color curve is in agreement with the model color curve of the 2M_⊙ main sequence companion. These results allow us to at least rule out large stars like red giants as a companion star of the binary progenitor system of this supernova. B-R and V-R color do not show any significant signs of a red bump, which shows a thin helium shell (MHe<0.1M_⊙) for the sub-Mch WD (double detonation model). In addition, we estimated the distance to NGC 5353 as 37.098±0.028Mpc.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

Though Korea has introduced CBP(Cost Based pool) power trading system since 2001, long-term Generation system planning has been executed by government for Cost minimization every 2 years. Until currently the model which is used for Generation system planning and best-mix only considers cost minimization and total yearly or quarterly electricity demand every year. In a view point of one day power supply operation, technical characteristics, like the ramp up/down rate of total generation system, minimum up/down time and GFRQ(Governor Free Response Quantity), are very important. this paper analyzes Optimal Fuel-Mix for 2022 Korea generation system satisfying these constraints of each fuel type and considering pump storage plants, construction cost and $CO_2$ emission charge Using MILP(Mixed Integer Linear Programming) method. Also the sensitivity analysis which follows in future power industry environmental change accomplished.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

The new millennium has started with several innovations driven by fast evolution of the technologies in energy sector. A strong impulse towards the diffusion of new economical efficient technologies regulatory incentives related to energy production from renewable source and a small scale building trigeneration and to promotion of more sustainable environmental-friendly generation solutions, the evolution of electricity markets, more and more binding local emission constraints, and the need for improving the security of supply to reduce the energy system vulnerability. The 24 percentage energy quantify of total energy consumption consumes in commercial buildings and residential houses and the 30% portion of total $CO_2$ emissions covers also in the commercial buildings and residential houses sector. To cope with efficiently this energy sinuation in building sector, Building microgrid or building tooling, heating & power(BCHP) system has been interested in recent day due to meeting thermal and electric energy requirements efficiently and with appropriate energy quality. A multi agent system is a collective of intelligent agents that communicate with each other and work cooperatively to achieve common goals. Also, it is to medicate and coordinate communication between Control Areas and Security Coordinators for teal-time control of the BCHP system and the power pid. In this new circumstance, it is very important to integrate the power and energy delivery system and the information system(communication, networks, and intelligent equipment) that controls it. Therefore, development of smart control modules with open communication protocol and seamlessly interchange the data and information between control network and data network including extranet and intranet give a great meanings. We designed and developed the TCP/IP-CAN IED agent modules and ModBus./LonTalk/(TCP/IP) IED agent ones to configure the multi-agent system based smart energy network of commercial buildings and also intelligent algorithms for inverter fault diagnostics which ran be operated in control level or agent level network.