• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1077-1081
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate the components and nutritional quality of red-tanner crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) paste in order to explore possibility for food processing source such as surimi gel containing crab paste. Yield of crab paste was $30\%$ from whole body after crushing and dehydrating. Crude protein contents $(9.5\%)$ of crab paste was lower than that $(13.1\%)$ of crab muscle, but fat $(0.5\%)$ and ash contents $(8.0\%)$ of paste were higher than $0.2\%\;and\;1.3\%$ of crab muscle, respectively. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the crab paste was lower than those of the edible parts. Total amino acid content (9,497mg/l00g) of paste was lower than that (12,980mg/100g) of muscle. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and leucine were the predominant amino acids in the protein fraction. The calcium content (6,539mg/l00g) was higher than those of phosphorus (579mg/100g), and potassium (793mg/100g) while manganese and iron were present in trace amounts. Major fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and no difference of composition between paste and muscle. Sensory evaluation showed that scores of color and flavor of $15\%$ substituted surimi gel increased significantly when compared to surimi gel without crab paste (p<0.05). From the above results, the addition of crab paste enhanced nutrition and functionality of surimi gel.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

To develop the health/functional food materials, we investigated the cultural condition of mycelial growth on the solid state fermentation using the brown rise, Acanthopanax sp. and Artemisia sp., and also evaluated inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of hot water extracts from cultured media of Pleurotus eryngii. As the amount of Acanthopanax nnd Artemisia In the cultural media increased, the mycelial growth rate decreased. Especially, addition of Aeantopanax showed marked effect than Artemisia. Moisture contents in three kinds of cultured media were in the range of $10.9{\sim}12.0%$. Crude protein fat and crude fiber content were the highest value in cultured brown rice medium, whereas the mineral contents (Ca, K and P) were higher in the Acanthopanax supplemented (5%) medium than the other media, The extraction yield of the Artemisia supplemented (5%) medium was the highest value of 4.80%, and the pH of hot water extract from cultured brown rice medium showed the lowest value of 6.1. Lightness (L) values in three kinds of extracts from cultured media were in the range of $85.8{\sim}87.1$. Redness (a) value was the highest In the brown rice and Acanthopanax supplemented media, however cultured Artemisia supplemented medium showed the highest value in yellowness (b). In comparison of sugar components analyzed by the thin layer chromatography with three kinds of samples, two spots were detected to be glucose and maltose, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity of hot water extract from the cultured Acanthopanax supplemented medium showed the highest value at the concentration of $0.2{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$. These results suggest that the Pleurotus eryngii grew in natural media using brown rice and Acanthopanax can be supplemented to the brown rice medium to enhance its ACE inhibitory activity as health/functional food materials.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2006

An Antiviral producing bacterial strain was isolated from ginseng root environment in Hongcheon, Kangwon province of Republic of Korea. Identification of this bacterial strain was performed by physiological and biochemical tests along with 16S rRNA analyses. The results revealed that the bacterium was closer to genus Serratia, which was named as Gsm01. The strain was grown in Mannitol-Glutamate-Yeast (MGY) broth for 48 h. The culture was centrifuged and the filtrate obtained was tested for its ability to control Cucumber mosaic virus strain Y (CMV-Y) in greenhouse and field experiments. In the green house experiments, CF was evaluated for its ability to protect local host, Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic host of CMV, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc. It was found that, CF treatment reduced viral infection by 98% in local host; C. amaranticolor. The N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc plants treated with CF did not show visible viral symptoms 15 days post inoculation (dpi) and remained symptomless throughout the periods of the study. To evaluate effectiveness of CF under field conditions, experiment was carried out in a polyvinyl house. It was observed that, 52% plants were protected from viral diseases compared to non-treated plants, increasing the crop yield. This is the first report showing antiviral activity of a Serratia spp. against CMV.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to find out the compositions of nutrient solution for closed system in substrate culture of cucumber. Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunsung baekdadagi) plants were grown in the substrates supplied with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 1/2, 1, and 3/2 of the original concentration developed by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan. By increasing the nutrient concentrations, plant height decreased but leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number showed little differences. A number of marketable fruit and marketable yield were the highest in the concentration of 1 strength. The nutrient compositions of solution developed for closed system in cucumber substrate culture were N 11.4, P 3.3, K 6.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3.5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the vegetative growth period and N 10.4, P 3.3, K 5.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3,5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the reproductive growth period. To examine the suitability of nutrient solution developed in the above experiment, cucumber plants were grown in the substrates supplied with different solutions and concentrations - Yamasaki's nutrient solution(Yamasaki) of 1 S, nutrient solution of Research Station for Greenhouse Vegetable and Floriculture on the Netherlands(PTG) of 1 S, nutrient solution developed in the above experiment(SCU) of 1/2, 1, and 3/2 S. EC and pH in root zone changed little in the all treatments during growing period. As cucumber plants grew, the concentrations of N, P, and K in root zone decreased but Ca concentration increased. Net $CO_2$ assimilation rate of cucumber leaves was high in SCU of 1 and 3/2 S, and Yamasaki of 1 S. Growth of cucumber plants was the lowest in SCU of 1/2 S.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2010

The extraction of polyphenol and flavonoid from black rice bran was performed by diverse extraction methods using the sugar solution, ethanol, hot water ($80^{\circ}C$), and by subcritical water extraction (SWE) method. By SWE under operating conditions of $190^{\circ}C$, 1,300 psi, and 10 min, the maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds (35.06${\pm}$1.28 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dried material and flavonoids (7.08${\pm}$0.31 mg QE/g dried material) could be obtained. These results were over 11.77- and 12.21-fold higher than those of the ethanol extraction, which showed the highest extraction efficiency among tested conventional methods in total polyphenols (2.98${\pm}$0.74 mg QE/g dried material) and flavonoids (0.58${\pm}$0.21 mg QE/g dried material), respectively. Though the highest antioxidant activity (87.14${\pm}$1.14%) was observed at the dried extract obtained from ethanol method, the relative antioxidant activity per 1 g dried black rice bran by SWE ($190^{\circ}C$, 10 min) was over 11.53-fold higher than that by the ethanol extraction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2019

Muscle dysfunction may arise from skeletal muscle atrophy caused by aging, injury, oxidative stress, and hereditary disease. Powdered heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis (EF-2001) has anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. However, its antioxidant and anti-atrophy effects are poorly characterized. In this study, we examined the effects of EF-2001 on muscle atrophy. To determine the protective effect of EF-2001 on oxidative stress, C2C12 myoblasts were treated with $H_2O_2$ to induce oxidative stress. This induced cell damage, which was reduced by treatment with EF-2001. The mechanism of EF-2001's effect was examined in response to oxidative stress. Treatment with EF-2001 reversed the expression of HSP70 and SOD1 proteins. Also, mRNA levels of Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 increased under oxidative stress conditions but decreased following EF-2001 treatment. To evaluate muscle volume, two and three dimensional models of the muscles were analyzed using micro-CT. As expected, muscle volume decreased after sciatic denervation and recovered after oral administration of EF-2001. Therefore, EF-2001 is a candidate for the treatment of muscular atrophy, and future discovery of the additional effects of EF-2001 may yield further applications as a functional food with useful activities in various fields.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.784-791
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• 2022

This study observed changes in the body composition of Protaetia brevitarsis sinulensis larvae when reared with feed that included noni and nipa palm. Compared to the control group, the death rate and product yield of the treatment group were improved after the larval fasting process. The brightness of the larval powder of the treatment group increased, but the redness decreased. The crude fat content of the treated group was slightly increased according to the assays of the general components, but the mineral content was significantly increased. The total structural amino acids of the treatment group decreased, but the total free amino acids increased. The structural amino acids generally tended to decrease in the treatment group. However, the free amino acids showed no specific differences. Among the free amino acids, tryptophan, phosphoserine, and methylhistidine were highly increased in the treatment group, whereas threonine, methionine, and asparagine showed the opposite results. Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) of omega-3 was increased in the treatment group, but the omega-6 series was decreased. Since minerals, total free amino acids, and omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment group were increased compared to the control group, we suggest that noni and nipa palm can potentially be applied to the production of functionally improved substances as additional sources of feed for Protaetia brevitarsis sinulensis larvae.

• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2022

With the recent development of the biological enzymatic reaction industry, lactic acid (LA) can be mass-produced from biomass sources. In particular, a catalytic process that converts LA into acrylic acid (AA) is receiving much attention because AA is used widely in the petrochemical industry as a monomer for superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and as an adhesive for displays. In the LA conversion process, NaY zeolites have been previously shown to be a high-activity catalyst, which improves AA selectivity and long-term stability. However, NaY zeolites suffer from fast deactivation due to severe coking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify the acid-base properties of the NaY zeolite to address this shortcoming. First, base promoters, Ca ions, were introduced to the NaY zeolites to tune their acidity and basicity via ion exchange (IE) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). The IWI method showed superior catalyst selectivity and stability compared to the IE method, maintaining a high AA yield of approximately 40% during the 16 h reaction. Based on the NH₃- and CO₂-TPD results, the calcium salts that impregnated into the NaY zeolites were proposed to exit as an oxide form mainly at the exterior surface of NaY and act as additional base sites to promote the dehydration of LA to AA. The NaY zeolites were further treated with KOH before calcium impregnation to reduce the total acidity and improve the dispersion of calcium through the mesopores formed by KOH-induced desilication. However, this KOH treatment did not lead to enhanced AA selectivity. Finally, calcium loading was increased from 1wt% to 5wt% to maximize the amount of base sites. The increased basicity improved the AA selectivity substantially to 65% at 100% conversion while maintaining high activity during a 24 h reaction. Our results suggest that controlling the basicity of the catalyst is key to obtaining high AA selectivity and high catalyst stability.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

The application of supplemental activated biochar pellet fertilizers (ABPFs) was evaluated by investigating key factors such as changes of surface paddy water and soil chemical properties and rice growth responses during the growing season. The treatments consisted of control, activated rice hull biochar pellet (ARHBP-40%), and activated palm biochar pellet (APBP-40%) applications. It was shown that the lowest NH₄⁺-N and PO₄^--P concentrations were observed in surface paddy water to the ARHBP-40%, while the NH₄⁺-N concentration in the control was abruptly decreased until 30 days after transplant in the soil. However, the lowest NH₄⁺-N concentration in the blended biochar application was 9.18 mg L^-1 at 1 day of transplant, but its ABPFs application was observed to be less than 1 mg L^-1 at 56 days after transplant. The lowest PO₄^--P concentration in paddy water treated ARHBP-40% ranged from 0.06 mg L^-1 to 0.08 mg L^-1 until 30 days after transplant among the treatments. For the paddy soil, the NH₄⁺-N concentration in the control was abruptly decreased from 177.7 mg kg^-1 to 49.4 mg kg^-1, while NO₃^--N concentration was highest, 13.2 mg kg^-1 in 14 days after transplant. The P₂O₅ concentrations in the soils increased from rice transplants until the harvesting period regardless of the treatments. The highest K₂O concentration was 252.8 mg kg^-1 in the APBP-40% at 84 days after transplant. For the rice growth responses, plant height in the control was relatively high compared to others, but grain yield was not significantly different between the control and ARHBP-40%. The application of ARHBP-40% can minimize nitrogen and phosphorous application rates into the agro-ecosystem.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.26-37
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• 2023

Good control of the solution pH and temperature is required to recover vanadium from the water leaching solution of vanadium ore after sodium roasting. However, such adjustments could lead to aluminum-vanadium and sodium-vanadium co-precipitation, which greatly affects the efficiency of vanadium recovery. In this study, a process that can increase the efficiency of vanadium recovery as ammonium metavanadate [NH₄VO₃] and ammonium polyvanadate [(NH₄)₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O] was investigated by examining the characteristics of vanadium-containing aqueous solutions during precipitation. The aluminum content of vanadium-containing water leaching solutions has a great effect on the loss of vanadium when the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted to 9. Therefore, a process to minimize aluminum leaching is also required. In this study, ~99% or more of vanadium present in vanadium-containing aqueous solutions was precipitated and recovered as NH₄VO₃ by adding 3 equivalents of ammonium chloride relative to the vanadium content at pH 9 and room temperature. (NH₄)₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O was precipitated from the aluminum-vanadium coprecipitates generated during the pH-adjustment of the aqueous solutions to 9 by dissolving the coprecipitate in the solutions at pH 2.5 and controlling their sodium content to 2,000 mg/L or less. Approximately, 98% or more of the available (NH₄)₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O could be precipitated and recovered from a solution with a vanadium content of 2,200 mg/L and a sodium content of 1,875 mg/L at pH 2.5 by adding approximately 3 equivalents of ammonium chloride relative to the vanadium content at 95℃ or higher. The overall process could precipitate and recover, approximately 91% or more of the total vanadium in the water leaching solution as NH₄VO₃ and (NH₄)₂V₆O₁₆·H₂O.