• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Methods: A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results: Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60. Conclusion: Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows' diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.157-178
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to assess the protective effects of Chengwhabosimtang on the animal model of depression, chronic mild stress(CMS). Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats Were used for this experiment. The subjects Were divided into 3 groups (1. CMS-drug: Chengwhabosimtang administered during CMS treatment, 2. CMS-vehicle: water administered, 3. normal ). After 4 weeks of CMS treatment they were executed Forced swimming test(FST) and Elevated plus maze. Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in ventral tegmental area(VTA) and c-Fos in paraventricular nucleus(PVN) were measured. Result : 1. In FST, CMS-drug group showed significantly decreased immobility behavior. 2. CMS-drug group showed no significantly lower TH level in VTA than CMS-vehicle group. 3. CMS-drug group showed significantly less c-Fos expressed cell bodies in PVN than CMS-vehicle group. 4. In Elevated plus maze, CMS-drug group showed no significantly anxiety. Conclusion : These results suggest that Chengwhabosimtang may have protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats. And these effects could be explained by the elevated stress-copying behaviors which are related with PVN of hypothalamus and dopaminergic neurons in VTA.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-70
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to assess the protective effects of Bambusae caulis and St. John's Wort on the animal model of depression, induced by chronic mild stress(CMS) Method : Male Wistar rats were used for this experiment. The subjects were divided into 4 groups ( 1. CMS-drugs: Bambusae caulis administered during CMS treatment, 2. CMS-drugs: St. John's Wort administered during CMS treatment, 3. CMS-vehicle: Water administered during CMS treatment, 4. normal control group without CMS treatment ). After 3 weeks of CMS treatment, they were executed open field test and weight, sucrose intake were measured. Result : 1. CMS Bambusae caulis group showed significant difference of locomotor activities and marginal difference of start latency in comparison with other groups in open field test. 2. There was no change of weights between CMS Bambusae caulis, St. John's Wort groups and CMS control group. 3. CMS St. John's Wort group showed upper level of sucrose intake than CMS Bambusae caulis group and CMS control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Bambusae caulis may have protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats. And these effects could be explained by the elevated locomotor activities in open field test.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study was to assess protective effects of Whangryonhaedoktang on the chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model of depression. Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups (CMS-drug group: Whangryonhaedoktang was administered during CMS procedure, CMS-vehicle: water was administered during CMS procedure, normal control group: without CMS procedure). After 4 weeks of CMS procedure, Morris water maze (MWM) test and open field test were executed and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC) of rat brain. Result : 1. CMS procedure induced defects of spatial learning in early period of MWM test. 2. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed shorter escape latency in comparison with CMS control group in MWM test on the first day of the test. 3. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group and CMS control group showed no significant difference of activities and emotional behaviors in comparison with normal control group in open field test. 4. CMS Whangryonhaedoktang group showed significant inhibition effects of TH expression in VTA and LC areas in comparison with CMS control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Whangryonhaedoktang may have inhibition effects to early period defects of spatial learning and protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2020

본 연구는 생산비 절감을 위하여 양돈사료 내 당밀 대체 Condensed molasses soluble (CMS)를 육성비육돈 사료 내에 첨가 급여하였을 때, 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 평균 체중 27.3±1.78 kg의 교잡종(LY×D) 육성돈 160두를 공시하여, 4개 처리구에 완전임의배치로 공시하였다. 시험사료는 시판 육성비육돈사료 급여구(무첨가구)와 시판사료에 각각 당밀 3 % 첨가구(MOL 3.0), CMS 1.5 % 첨가구(CMS 1.5), CMS 3 % 첨가구(CMS 3.0)로 설계하였다. 각 처리구별 시험사료와 물은 70일 동안 자유채식을 실시하였다. 생산성을 분석한 결과, 당밀과 CMS첨가구에서 대조구 대비 사료섭취량이 유의하게 높은 것이 관찰되었으며, CMS 3 % 첨가에 의해 대조구 대비 종료체중과 일당증체량이 유의하게 개선되는 효과를 확인하였다(p<0.05). 사료요구율은 당밀 및 CMS 첨가 그룹에서 대조구와의 통계적 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 사양시험 종료 후 등심부위의 육질을 평가한 결과에서 보수력, 가열감량, pH 모두 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는, 육성비육돈 사료 내 CMS 3%의 첨가급여는 육질의 저하 없이 생산성 개선 효과를 가지며, 양돈 사료 내 당밀 대체제로써 CMS의 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1880-1889
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• 1997

CMS-MX(CDMA Mobile System-Mobile eXchange) 이동통신교환기 소프트웨어는 그 규모가 크고 새로운 기능 추가에 따른 지속적인 변경이 요구되기 때문에 체계적인 버전 관리를 필요로 한다. 그러나 CMS-MX 소프트웨어는 다양한 형태의 파일들로 구성되어 있고 고유의 소프트웨어 개발 체계를 따르기 때문에 범용의 버전 관리 시스템을 그대로 적용하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 CMS-MX 소프트웨어의 개발 환경 및 개발 체계에 적합하도록 구현된 CMS-MX 소프트웨어 버전 관리 시스템을 소개하고 그 구성과 기능에 대해 기술하였다. CMS-MX 소프트웨어 버전 관리 시스템은 소프트웨어 형상과 소프트웨어 개발자 정보를 하여 파일의 등록관리, 버전제어, 그리고 정보 관리의 기능을 수행하며 파일 전체 저장, 파일 검증, 소프트웨어 종합 작업과의 연계등의 특징을 가지고 있다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to assess the protective effects of Chengwhabosimtang on the animal model of depression, chronic mild stress(CMS). Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this experiment. The subjects were divided into 3 groups ( 1. CMS-drug: Chengwhabosimtang administered during CMS treatment, 2. CMS-vehicle: water administered, 3. normal ). After 4 weeks of CMS treatment, they were executed Forced swimming test(FST) and Elevated plus maze. Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in ventral tegmental area(VTA) and c-Fos in paraventricular nucleus(PVN) were measured. Result : 1. In FST, CMS-drug group showed significantly decreased immobility behavior. 2. CMS-drug group showed no significantly lower TH level in VTA than CMS-vehicle group. 3. CMS-drug group showed significantly less c-Fos expressed cell bodies in PVN than CMS-vehicle group. 4. In Elevated plus maze, CMS-drug group showed no significantly anxiety. Conclusion : These results suggest that Chengwhabosimtang may have protective antidepressant effects in CMS model rats. And these effects could be explained by the elevated stress-copying behaviors which are related with PVN of hypothalamus and dopaminergic neurons in VTA.

• 경영과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.173-186
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• 1999

Recently many firms are introducing the cellular manufacturing system(CMS) as a means of achieving manufacturing efficiencies. However, most of the research on CMS was mainly for determining the cell formation problems. Since the goal of the CMS is not only a increase production efficiencies, but also to enhance the competitive stength of a firm, it would be reasonable to assume CMS as a business reengineering module rather than an independent technique. The purpose of this study is to align the CMS with reengineering, to present an integrated methodology for constructing the CMS, and to apply the CMS to a firm and verify it. The paper concludes with a brief description of the lessons learend by the CMS project and the limitations of the research are described.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2018

The capacity of differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which include both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, into cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro provides an unlimited resource for human CMs for a wide range of applications such as cell based cardiac repair, cardiac drug toxicology screening, and human cardiac disease modeling. However, their applicability is significantly limited by immature phenotypes. It has been well known that currently available CMs derived from hPSCs (hPSC-CMs) represent immature embryonic or fetal stage CMs and are functionally and structurally different from mature human CMs. To overcome this critical issue, several new approaches aiming to generate more mature hPSC-CMs have been developed. This review describes recent approaches to generate more mature hPSC-CMs including their scientific principles, advantages, and limitations.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

무기태질소와 유기태질소를 각각 4%와 3% 함유하고 있는 당밀농축용액(CMS)의 벼 재배시 양분흡수, 생육 및 수량성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 벼 생육 시기별 질소의 흡수량은 관행구 대비 CMS 처리구가 전 시기에 걸쳐서 높았으며 엽의 질소 흡수량과 비례하는 엽색지수도 CMS 시용증가와 비례하여 높았다. 벼의 초장 및 경수도 CMS 시용량 증가에 따라 7-32% 증가하여 CMS가 벼의 생육에 좋은 효과를 나타냈다. 벼의 수량은 관행구 대비 CMS 시용구에서 10-21%로 매우 높게 증수되었으며, 그 중 CMS 0.3% 즉, 300평당 300 kg 수준구에서 707 kg으로 가장 높은 수량을 나타냈으나, 그 이상에서는 수량이 오히려 감소하였다. 현미중 단백질의 함량은 CMS 시용량 증가에 따라 4-28% 정도 증가하였고, Toyo 식미치는 관행의 79에 비해 단백질함량과 반비례하여 낮아졌다. 토양의 pH는 CMS 시용으로 다소 낮아졌고 염농도는 높아졌지만 CMS 0.9%처리구에서도 벼 재배에 문제시 될 정도는 아니었다.