• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.207-212
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• 2002

The Construction Management(CM) System in Korea is systematized both in name and reality by being prescribed in Construction Industry Act('97) and Construction Management Act('01) through various discussions considering reformation of construction industry structure and enhancement of construction technology competitiveness. Specially in the public construction works, CM Pilot Project is promoted by central government for the activation of CM system introduced for efficiency of public construction project. The promotion of Pilot Project is not only the settlement and activation of CM system but also the process to embody and diversify the CM system. Now we should develop various CM application type such as Owner type, PM type and type for private capital project in doing so. And with this efforts, we could expect that CM system should play an important role to enhance the efficiency of public construction works and should affect private construction sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2015

This study suggests a detailed apparel sizing system for brands that target elderly men between the ages of 60 to 79 by studying body type differences of the age group based on data from 'The $5^{th}$ Korean Anthropometric survey'. Compared to middle aged men, elderly men body measurements appear to be smaller except in the midriff area, such as the natural waist circumference, waist circumference (omphalion), waist depth and waist depth (omphalion). The size chart in the study was established according to the KS size chart system with a size jump of 5cm in height, 5cm and 3cm in chest circumference, 2cm in waist circumference (omphalion) and 2cm in hip circumference. A total of 8 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 85cm to 100cm for casual tops. For suit tops, a total of 11 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 88cm to 100cm. For bottoms, detailed sizes were suggested by dividing basic and reference areas with 13 sizes between 84cm to 94cm in the waist circumference (omphalion) and between 90cm to 98cm in the hip circumference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.70-79
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• 2006

many plumbing system are needed in the ceiling of the building as it becomes advanced more and more. This leads to make effective space between ceiling level and slab less. Also, piping system is not suitably arranged and operated if it is bent around the columns which they are a lot. But this system can be more effective if it passes through the columns directly. Most people think that those columns should not be damaged with such as holes. But actually this is existed in a hotel building in switzerland. This study is to fing out how much capacity the columns become damaged and low using model size of $20cm{\times}30cm$ rectangular section, and 160cm long, in the structural test. it's compressive strength is focused on $240kg/cm^{2}$ design strength, commonly used in korea. Compressive test for them was done at Hanyang University using UTM one thousand tone(1000t) capacity. Variable numbers for the study are one hole of dia 3cm with distance 20cm or 40cm, two holes of dia 3cm with 20cm and 40cm distance, one hole of dia 5cm with distance 20cm and 40cm, two holes of dia 5cm with 20cm and 40cm distance, me eccentric hole with 20cm and 40cm distance, Normal(without hole). two test specimens of each variable are made for the test. ED5H20 capacity was 16.7% decreased, compared to normal one. While ED5H40 distant 40cm from the end of column top showed 19.5% capacity decrease, compared to normal one. Strain of ED5H20 diameter 5cm, in distance of 20cm form the top of the column was less 5% than the one of diameter 3cm. Finally, conclusions are that in case of hole diameter 3cm, located at 20cm from the end of the column top, capacity was decreased down to 3, percent only compared to the same diameter hole with 20cm distant from the end of it.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the environment of the deep litter system and provided theoretical basis for production. Methods: The bedding samples were obtained from a pig breeding farm and series measurements associated with gases concentrations and the bacterial diversity as well as the quantity of Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli, Methanogens were performed in this paper. Results: The concentrations of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $NH_3$ in the deep litter system increased with the increasing of depth while the $N_2O$ concentrations increased fiercely from the 0 cm to the -10 cm depth but then decreased beneath the -10 cm depth. Meanwhile, the Shannon index, the dominance index as well as the evenness index at the -20 cm layer was significantly different from the other layers (p<0.05). On the other hand, the quantity of Escherichia coli reached the highest value at the surface beddings and there was a significant drop at the -20 cm layer with the increasing depth. The Lactobacilli numbers increased with the depth from 0 cm to -15 cm and then decreased significantly under the -20 cm depth. The expression of Methanogens reached its largest value at the depth of -35 cm. Conclusion: The upper layers (0 cm to -5 cm) of this system were aerobic, the middle layers (-10 cm to -20 cm) were micro-aerobic, while that the bottom layers (below -20 cm depth) were anaerobic. In addition, from a standpoint of increasing the nitrification pathway and inhibiting the denitrification pathway, it should be advised that the deep litter system should be kept aerobic.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

Recently, the MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs) has announced CM business guidelines, because it is expected that the CM deliveries are going to be increased for a civil engineering industry with enforcement of the CM at Risk. In this trend, The CM business guideline, which is currently announced, is for the steps after the CM contract. However, the practical business guideline from a planning phase for the CM delivery to a selection phase of a CMr (Construction Manager) is essential for public construction projects including the civil engineering projects that the frequency of the CM deliveries is not sufficient. Therefore, this study established a standardized process model from the planning phase for the CM delivery to the selection phase of the CMr. study configured a business breakdown structure for CM delivery. A prototype system for supporting the CM delivery was also developed, and a practical operability was verified by a case evaluation based on the developed system. Hence, it is expected that this study will be utilized as a supporting system of the CM delivery business for public clients, which have not sufficient cases of the CM delivery.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.244-256
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• 2008

The Construction Management contracting method and administration system had introduced to Korea 10 years ago. The actual CM consulting contract has adapted just for 5 years only. The CM administration system proves lots of innovative construction practices, upgrading construction industry from corporations to site operations. However, there are more tasks to the CM professionals to revitalize CM contracting methods and administration system. This research investigated what CM has achieved for the past 10 years and what CM should accomplish for the coming 10 years as future strategy and missions. Overseas CM practices are reviewed and domestic market, regulations, requirements are investigated through structured interviewed and in-depth survey to CM professionals. Many interesting issues were found through research process and those topics were categorized by industry, academy and government for defining current problems and future tasks. These issues for future strategy and mission needs to be utilized to develop future CM contracting methods and administration system. The system to follow up these meaningful results of CM is important for the future progress.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.440-444
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• 2015

As domestic construction investment has been gradually reduced, expanding overseas construction is one of the most important issues for Korean construction companies. Among these issues, strategies for overseas CM services have widely been discussed, because the CM services have features of high growth potential and value-added area when compared with other construction sectors. Therefore, recent efforts focus on further development in advanced CM capabilities and expansion to overseas market. However, there has been lack of quantitative research to investigate current status and future direction of CM industry. In this sense, this research investigated what CM has achieved for the past 17years (between 1997 and 2013) and what CM should accomplish for future strategies. The purpose of this research is to statistically analyze total of 2,983 CM service contracts over the past 17 years published in KISCON (Knowledge Information System of Construction Industry) in order to examine current status of CM industry in terms of market type, contract size, commodity type, and owner's type. Based on this research, it is expected to suggest for future strategies and development directions from the CM industry perspective that could provide quantitative analyses, improve current CM statistics systems and strengthen the competitiveness in international CM market.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

Construction managers who are placed on the top of the construction production organization should exhibit its best knowledges concerning all aspects and control related members at every position properly. In case of CM firms in developed countries, they are equipped with a practical system of technology and management knowledge, and efficiently use the knowledge not only for novices but also experts. However, the domestic CM firms which are now at the lower level than those in developed country are not supported with the sufficient and systematic knowledge for CM tasks due to various reasons. Therefore, the objective of this study is to suggest the direction and strategy for the development of an experts-knowledge management system to enhance the construction productivity at the viewpoint of CM firms which conduct, manage and supervise various tasks of construction projects. Domestic CM firms would play a great role to enhance productivity and secure competitive advantage of project management as much as the firms in developed countries if experts-knowledge and information are supported by a computerized system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.477-486
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• 2010

This study aims at establishing a sizing system required for producing ready-made clothes which can fit the body shape of disabled men using wheelchair. It measured the bodies of 178 adult men using wheelchair and compared the sizing system of German adult men using wheelchair (1984) with KS system(KS K0050, 2004) in order to establish standards of the sizing system. AS a result, in terms of classification of body shapes, KS system cover more types of disabled men's body shapes and especially, A types (Drop 15.6) showed the widest coverage with 32%. In classification of heights, the widest range of height was 170 cm, and Korean men's four sizes between 158 cm and 176 cm covers 88.2% of disabled men's body shape. For chest size, 91.1% of disabled men's chest sizes were included in seven sizes, which are 4 cm intervals between 88 cm and 112 cm with 100 cm standard. In consideration of the ranges of height and chest, the general sizes (A types; 11 sizes, B types; 3 sizes, Y types; 5 sizes) are selected to present the standardized measurements. Basic parts of the upper garment sizing system for disabled men using wheelchair were height-chest-waist size.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.218-223
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• 1996

The foot shape from the right and left feet was taken with 78 male and 213 female Korean subjects. The results are as follows. 1) Mean values and standard deviations of 25items concering the foot : Measurements performed on Korean adults(male and female) show that male left foot length is in average somewhat longer than the corresponding right foot length(25.35Cm against 25.32Cm) and on the contrary that the circumference of the left foot is slightly smaller than for the right foot. For the same tendency is verified in female feet. 2) Correlations between measurement items : Finding a correlation of more than 0.08 only between the foot length to suggest that the present system of ready-made "shoe" size system, based only on foot length, is not a quite appropriate system. 3) Distribution between foot width, foot girth, instep height and foot length : Foot length showed from 21.52Cm to 24.0Cm in the female subjects and from 24.0Cm to 26.5Cm in the male subjects for the standard type. Foot width showed from 7.5Cm to 10.0Cm in female and from 8.5Cm to 10.5Cm in male for the standard type.dard type.