• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

Evidence on the effect of $O_2$ reduction or current passage on the microstructure and morphology of the LSM and Ni-YSZ electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells. The microstructures of the electrodes were characterized as plate-like agglomerates. Current of $0.1\;A/cm^2$, $0.2\;A/cm^2$, $0.3\;A/cm^2$, at $800^{\circ}C$ were passed for 3 h. Then, we observed the cell structure and measured the cell performance before and after the experiment. There are changed with the load condition. The TPB of the cell increased when the cell structure changed. In particular, the decrease in activation loss is apparent as load increased. As a result, cell performance improved, and we confirmed that a optimal load condition existed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.99-109
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• 2011

In order to maintain construction industry and to improve efficiency, the Korean government legislated private investment system. Private sector takes advantages by adopting CM (Construction Management) project system, however, public sector has relatively less capability and experience than private sector. In this paper, PSM (Partnership Support Management) is addressed in order to actively strengthen the project capabilities for public sector. PSM maintains existing CM project system because it is a concept of expended business model of CM. PSM needed to categorize the private participated project into 5 phases; project development phase, project announcement phase, project evaluation phase, project agreement phase and agreement changing phase. PSM business structure and business process considering stakeholder's interrelationship and participation are suggested in this research. Suggested PSM business model may not only increase a comprehensive understanding of government and project capability, but also may reduce work load and responsibilities for project momentum of private participation in infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.48-57
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• 2003

BAT Korea's Factory is the one of the major projects that clearly confirms and demonstrates that Construction Management (CM), provided by a Korean CM Company to the foreign clients, enables them to successfully complete projects; with savings in time and reduction in cost, which it is $15\%$ lower than the cost of the overseas construction. Also, throughout the thorough schedule management, it was possible to commence with manufacturing one month after the completion date. The Key Success Factors was generated by the excellent construction management skills, and more importantly by the confidence gained by the client in giving a CM company full authority for the construction management of the project. This study has focus on elements of construction management applied to this project throughout the concept of 'One Stop Shop', including cost managements, contract management and value engineering etc. We hope that this study will provide useful data to enable public clients to take advantages of construction management, in a similar way to. the private clients, who have already implemented CM actively.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1999

The effect of the surface activation treatment on the crystallization of the amorphous silicon film was investigated. The amorphous silicon film was deposited on the silica substrate with LPCVD technique. Wet blasting with silica slurry or exposure with Nd:YAG laser beam was applied on the amorphous silicon film before annealing for the crystallization. For the analysis of the crystallinity, XRD, Raman, and SEM were employed. In this investigation, the prior surface activation treatment like silica wet blasting or Nd:YAG laser beam exposure before annealing for the crystallization were found to be effective in the enhancement of the crystallization. It is believed that these treatment lower the activation energy required for the crystallization of the amorphous silicon film.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

Recently, the application of construction management system is being increased and various research activities by each specific field are going on many universities and research institutes. It is necessary to understand the latest research trends by each subject for keeping up excellent products in CM field. This study suggests a subject breakdown structure for classifying detailed technologies of CM field. And over 2,000 domestic and international papers in the last five years are analyzed for analogizing research trends by each subject. The analyzed results include research trends by year and strong and weak fields by each research subject of CM technology. Finally, this study suggests an improved countermeasure for guaranteeing sustainable research activation in CM field.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.400-405
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• 1992

활성화 반응성 증착법으로 비저항 1.7*$10^{-3}$-8.0*$10^{-3}$ohm.cm, 전하운반자 농도 3.4*$10^{19}$-2.8*$10^{20}$$cm^{-3}$, 이동도 12-23$cm^{2}$/V.s, 금지대역 폭 3.35eV인 In/sib 2/ $O_{3}$박막을 KBr과 실리카 기판에 성장시켰다. 광투과율은 가시광선 영역에서 80% 이상을 나타냈으며 적외선 영역에서도 양호한 특성을 나타냈다. 박막성장시는 비정질 상태였으나 150.deg.C 이상에서 열처리했을 때 결정화현상이 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.305-309
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• 2006

Construction management system has been needed to be anchored and revitalize in these days, since it was entered into a domestic market. We could consider application of CM services as a challenge of construction project system and a way to get to an advanced nation in construction field. Application of CM services could be possible in public projects by a regime. However, in case of private construction projects, it is hard to apply it without understanding of substantial necessity and propriety. so in this study, we find a application method of CM services to private small-midium construction projects, and make CM services item table of CM services for revitalization by examining the cases that applied to in private small-medium construction projects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.554-558
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• 2006

Construction Industry has become bigger, sophistication and specialization. At the same time, the concerns of Construction Management for achieving the goal of quality, cost & air are getting higher. Therefore it is demanded technology to conduct the CM works continuously in the Industrial world and be in process of education to train specialists. Studies are also been doing for it. But infrastructure circumstances are insufficiency comparing with the interests of construction industry. It is needed the scheme of education system to improve the above mentioned problem and to raise education quality standards. Consequently, the study is for E-learning education system. Because this system can help to save cost and to overcome the limits of time and spaces for existing off-line education. The study will present e-learning system architecture model to activate Construction Management education considering the distinctive features of CM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.12-13
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• 2014

Domestic CM market has continued to grow, and the CM services in the international market is evaluated as a high value-added area. However, CM services are currently being challenged to perform its genuine CM roles because of the limitations by government's CM policies, market size, business functions, and technology capabilities. In order to identify the issues for revitalization of CM, this study analyzed the history of CM studies through a thorough review of the previous literatures that have been published since the enactment of CM policies in 1996. Based on this literature review, it is expected to suggest strategies that could improve current immature CM systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Electricity can be directly generated from organic matter even wastewaters using a microbial fuel cell. To achieve high power in MFCs, finding factors decreasing activation and Ohmic losses is very important. In this study we determined activation loss at the anode and cathode and Ohmic loss using the current interruption technique in a H-type MFC. Activation loss at the cathode was four times higher that that of anode activation loss even if pt-coated carbon (0.5 $mg/cm^2$;10%Pt) was used as the cathode. Ohmic loss determined using current interruption technique (1146 ${\Omega}$) was almost same as the internal resistance (1167 ${\Omega}$) measured using AC impedance. The sum of activation losses at the anode and cathode was the same as the value of activation loss of the cell.