• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2003

웨이브릿 변환 기반의 부대역(subband) 분해과정을 새로운 수학적 모델로 표현한다. 제안된 모델은 많은 계층의 분해과정에 거쳐 정규적인 다해상도 해석을 수행할 수 있다. 이러한 접근방식은 단일채널 선형 공간불변 필터링문제를 다채널로 확장할 수 있게 해주는 동시에 선형 공간불변 영상복원문제와 주파수상에서 적응적 제약적 최소제곱(Constrained Least Square:CLS) 필터에 적용될 수 있다. 제안된 필터에서 우리는 부대역의 특징에 따라 적응적으로 다른 변수를 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 주파수상의 적응적 CLS 필터를 S/W로 구현하였으며, 이 실험을 통해 부대역의 특징을 정화하게 측정할 경우 제안된 주파수상 적응적 CLS 필터는 기존의 단채널 필터에서 벗어나 현저히 화질을 개선할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권8C호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 H.264 동영상 표준 부호화 방식의 블록화 현상 제거 및 화질 개선을 위한 적응적 후처리 기법에 대해 제안한다. H.264의 루프 필터는 부호화기 내부에 위치함에 따라 부호화 복잡도를 증가시키곤 블록화 현상을 완벽히 제거하지 못하며, 영상을 과도하게 열화 시킨다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 부호화기의 복잡도를 낮추는 동시에 고화질의 영상을 복원하기 위해 Constraint Least Squares(CLS) 기법과 투영 기법을 결합하였다. 또한 인간의 시각 시스템을 반영하기 위해 가중치 norm CLS 기법을 사용하였으며, 이를 위해 블록 경계와 블록 내부에 위치한 화소들의 위치에 따라 각기 다른 국부 분산과 라플라시안 연산자를 새롭게 정의하였다. 국부 화소들은 높은 상관관계를 갖는다는 특성을 이용하여 투영 기법을 위한 투영 집합을 정의하였다. 끝으로 0.264의 양자화 인덱스(QP)를 완화도 조절을 위해 공통적으로 사용하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 후처리 기법이 H.264의 루프 필터보다 블록화 현상을 효과적으로 제거하는 동시에 CLS 기법보다 빠르게 수렴함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 건축사
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• 통권560호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2015

• 감성과학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 카모마일, 라벤더, 샌달우드를 혼합한 아로마 혼합오일(CLS)과 면역억제제(FK506)의 아토피 피부염 치료효과를 알아보기 위하여 혈청 중 IgE(Immunoglobulin E)와 IgG1(Immunoglobulin G1)의 수준의 감소효과, 피부 임상지수를 이용한 육안평가 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과 IgE 수준을 낮추는데는 CLS가 더 효과적이었고, IgG1 수준을 감소시키는 데에는 FK506이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 육안평가 결과를 통하여 아토피 피부염을 가진 마우스에 FK506과 CLS를 도포한 후 2주까지는 아토피 증상을 더 악화시켰으며 4주후부터는 증상완화가 현저하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 FK506의 효과가 두드러졌는데 이는 IgG1 수준감소와 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되며 이와 관련하여 보다 심도있는 실험 조사가 필요하겠다. 이상의 결과로부터 카모마일 저먼, 라벤더, 샌달우드의 아로마 혼합오일이 아토피 피부염의 개선에 효능이 있음이 인정되었고 이와 같이 장기간 피부에 도포하여 치료하는 경우 CLS가 아토피 치료의 한 방법으로서 가능성이 보임을 확인하였음에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was done to explore the relationship between expectations of the clinical ladder system (CLS), career commitment and turnover intention in nurses employed in small-medium sized hospitals. Methods: Participants were 154 nurses from 3 small-medium sized hospitals in Gyeonggi Province and Gwangju City. From February, 8 to April, 14, 2017, self-report questionnaires were collected and analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, and Person correlation coefficients. Results: Of the participant nurses, 61% perceived the CLS as needed. The mean score for expectation of CLS, career commitment, and turnover intention on 5-point scale were 3.38, 3.17, 3.21, respectively. There were no significant differences in expectation of CLS according to general characteristics, but career commitment and turnover intention did show significant differences depending on age, position, type of work shift. Expectation of CLS correlated positively with career commitment (r=.23, p=.005), and career commitment correlated negatively with turnover intention (r=-.49, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a need to adopt the clinical ladder system to improve career commitment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2008

Embryonic stem cells have a pluripotency and a potential to differentiate to all type of cells. In our previous study, we have shown that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lines can be generated from murine parthenogenetic embryos. This parthenogenetic ESCs line can be a useful stem cell source for tissue repair and regeneration. The defect in full-term development of parthenogenetic ESCs line enables researchers to avoid the ethical concerns related with ESCs research. In this study, we presented the results demonstrating that parthenogenetic ESCs can be induced into osteogenic cells by supplementing culture media with ascorbic acid and $\beta$-glycerophosphate. These cells showed morphologies of osteogenic cells and it was proven by Von Kossa staining and Alizarin Red staining. Expression of marker genes for osteogenic cells (osteopontin, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone-sialoprotein, collagen type1, and Cbfa1) also confirmed osteogenic potential of these cells. These results demonstrate that osteogenic cells can be generated from parthenogenetic ESCs in vitro.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.630-635
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols and flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity for the extract from the Deodeok sprout. To accomplish this, the Deodeok sprout whole (CLS-W), above ground part (leaf, stem, CLS-L), and root (CLS-R) were individually extracted using 70% ethanol. The highest levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were observed in the Deodeok sprout extract CLS-L2. Similarly, antioxidant activities resulting in radical scavenging activities increased significantly in the extract of CLS-L2. In conclusion, these results indicate that Deodeok sprouts can be used as a viable, new natural antioxidant source.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1387-1390
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• 1997

In this paper we propose a novel way to restore degraded image using wavelet transform & filterbank. First, we devide a degraded image into 4-suband images using UDWT(Undecimated Wavelet Transform), and then use a proper CLS (Constrained Least Square) filter in each subband. Using a proper CLS filter ineach subband, we can save high grequency components of original image. We reconstruct a restored image from the downsampled subband images using wavelet tansform. Even though there is a trade-off between ISNR and calculation loads, we reduce the calculation loads by using wavelet transform in reconstruction with a negligible degradatiion in ISNR.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.314-325
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how nurses perceive the Career Ladder System(CLS). Methods: This study was a descriptive survey using questionnaires. Questionnaires were developed by an expert group. Participants included 161 nurses working in the Children's Hospital. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test and ANCOVA. Results: This study revealed that nurses who advanced in their career ladders have a significantly higher perception of participation in their professional activities and a general comprehension of the CLS more than the nurses who did not advance in their career ladders. However, nurses who advanced in their career ladders have a significantly lower perception of the expected outcome of the CLS more than nurses who did not. Conclusions: This result showed that nurses who had experienced in clinical advancement and recognition were highly motivated with their professional activities via the CLS as well as they considered it to allow professional growth.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and applicability of the Clinical Ladder System(CLS) Model for nurses and to suggest a model for nurses in general hospitals as well as tertiary hospitals. Methods: After refining questionnaires through focus group participation, a survey was carried out with 50 nurse managers and 500 staff nurses from 6 tertiary hospitals and 4 general hospitals. S-CVI and i-CVI for validity and applicability were calculated. Differences in validity and applicability by the type of hospitals and characteristics of respondents were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: S-CVI for validity and applicability of the CLS model were over 0.8 in two types of hospitals and the validity and applicability of the CLS model were confirmed. No differences were found in the total score for validity between the 2 types of hospitals, but in applicability, general hospitals had significantly lower applicability than tertiary hospitals. Some items showed difference according to characteristics of the respondents. CLS models were postulated based on the study results. Conclusion: The CLS model refined through this study can be used for nurses. In application, modifications are needed according to the conditions of each hospital.