• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to reveal that the concept of relation in the postwar CIAM's debate was the hot issue which leaded to the collapse of CIAM, and that Aldo van Eyck developed it into the concept of "in-between". The postwar CIAM's young members voiced a critique of the universalizing attitude toward dwelling that CIAM had pursued since 1928 and looked for a new approach that would take into account the relation around dwelling. So, this study reviews the concepts of relation which were proposed by the postwar CIAM's young members. As a result, it is revealed that Aldo van Eyck extended the concept of "in-between" not to have the polarities, such as inside/outside, close/open, part/whole, neutralize or cancel one another out, but to attune them in such a way that they reinforce each other by mutual contrast, while the other young CIAM's members limited it to transition or connection. And, this paper analyzes the Municipal Orphanage in Amsterdam which was presented in CIAM 10. Through the analysis, it is revealed that the building presents many polarities simultaneously such as those; indoor and out door realms, dynamics and immutability, part and whole, and so on. In conclusion, it is possible to recognize that the concept of "in-between" is the fundamental binary-compound relation that lies at the root of Aldo van Eyck's architectural thought and bears on an interaction on a reciprocal relation between the inhabitant and the built environment.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.3 s.16
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• pp.137-149
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to learn from a lesson of the historical fact, the Team 10's break away from the CIAM, which is selected as the most important event in the whole 20th century architecture by author as a historian. The CIAM, organized in 1928 by leading European architects in order to propose new architecture in the industrial era, expanded to the world, met almost annually with an idea of economic efficiency, new functional order, and industrial production for thirty years. Young architects had conflicted with old established group from 6th congress, and after 10th congress they met independently in 1959; the CIAM was disappeared and the Team 10 was born. Main issue of the break-away was human aspect. The Team 10 started from real man, concept of 'human contact', 'sense of community', and 'belonging' instead of abstract functional order. Although CIAM did not suggest inhumane architecture, their biological criteria with sunlight, air, sufficient site became physical determinism. Critique against the Team 10, unsuccess for making humane architecture leads to underestimation like a generational hegemony struggle. However, architect is not specialist of life but form. Historical reevaluation for Team 10 should be that they are the first group to raise an human issue in architecture. Success or not to solve the problem belongs to another domain. After 1960, modern architecture was attacked from the common people, not clients but 'users'. Academic circle tried to solve the problem with behavioral approach through a clear process, 'design method' and with phenomenological approach on real human experience. However practice became reactionary tendency, to make form a little complex, they became post-modern and deconstruction form. Failure of the Team 10's form proved that a complex form does not necessarily make a good life of people. In the Korean historic situation of colony ruling, confusion of liberation, and the War, we did not know the existence of both CIAM and Team 10. After 1970s' economic development, we have just copied Western form from Modern via Post-Modern to Deconstruction. If we make architecture people mattered, we should start from the basic, learning from the Team's break-away, instead of copying.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1281-1299
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• 2016

This paper deals with the analysis of vibration of antisymmetric angle-ply plates using spline method for higher order shear theory. Free vibration of laminated plates is addressed to show the capability of the present method in the vicinity of higher order shear deformation theory and simply supported edges of plates. The coupled differential equations are obtained in terms displacement and rotational functions. These displacement and rotational functions are approximated using cubic and quantic spline. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. The antisymmetric angle-ply fiber orientation are taken as design variables. Numerical results enable us to examine the frequencies for various geometric and material parameters and accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by comparative study.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1001-1020
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• 2016

The study is to investigate the free vibration of antisymmetric angle-ply conical shells having non-uniform sinusoidal thickness variation. The arbitrarily varying thickness is considered in the axial direction of the shell. The vibrational behavior of shear deformable conical shells is analyzed for three different support conditions. The coupled differential equations in terms displacement and rotational functions are obtained. These displacement and rotational functions are invariantly approximated using cubic spline. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. The vibration characteristic of the shells is examined for cone angle, aspect ratio, sinusoidal thickness variation, layer number, stacking sequence, and boundary conditions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1087-1102
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• 2016

The paper proposes to characterize the free vibration behaviour of non-uniform cylindrical shells using spline approximation under first order shear deformation theory. The system of coupled differential equations in terms of displacement and rotational functions are obtained. These functions are approximated by cubic splines. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for an eigenfrequency parameter and an associated eigenvector which are spline coefficients. Four and two layered cylindrical shells consisting of two different lamination materials and plies comprising of same as well as different materials under two different boundary conditions are analyzed. The effect of length parameter, circumferential node number, material properties, ply orientation, number of lay ups, and coefficients of thickness variations on the frequency parameter is investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2001

In this paper are presented main power and gasdynamic characteristics of hypersonic test cell of Research Test Center (RTC) of Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM). The distributions of temperature and Mach number at the exit of the aerodynamic nozzle of test cell are received at simulation conditions of flight at Mf=6. Values of available pressure difference and throttling characteristics for various operational modes of test cell, including the loading of working section by Scramjet model without the heating of air at entrance to the aerodynamic nozzle and with the heating of air, are received too.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2018

Free vibration of cross-ply laminated plates using a higher-order shear deformation theory is studied. The arbitrary number of layers is oriented in symmetric and anti-symmetric manners. The plate kinematics are based on higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and the vibrational behaviour of multi-layered plates are analysed under simply supported boundary conditions. The differential equations are obtained in terms of displacement and rotational functions by substituting the stress-strain relations and strain-displacement relations in the governing equations and separable method is adopted for these functions to get a set of ordinary differential equations in term of single variable, which are coupled. These displacement and rotational functions are approximated using cubic and quantic splines which results in to the system of algebraic equations with unknown spline coefficients. Incurring the boundary conditions with the algebraic equations, a generalized eigen value problem is obtained. This eigen value problem is solved numerically to find the eigen frequency parameter and associated eigenvectors which are the spline coefficients.The material properties of Kevlar-49/epoxy, Graphite/Epoxy and E-glass epoxy are used to show the parametric effects of the plates aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, stacking sequence, number of lamina and ply orientations on the frequency parameter of the plate. The current results are verified with those results obtained in the previous work and the new results are presented in tables and graphs.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.271-274
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• 2002

This paper is investigated construction of the Scramjet test facility and test method of Scramjet engine combustor model. Scramiet engine combustor model test was performed at Lab C-16BK CIAM (Central Institute of Aviation Motors) at Tyraevo in Moscow. The velocity of flow in the combustion chamber equal to Mach number 2.49 with single hole fuel spray nozzle injector and test duration equal to 7 seconds. Therefore In this paper is showed high altitude test method of Scramjet combustor model and the proper structure of combustor with single hole fuel spray nozzle.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

As a short lived group, ABC had an important effect on the design of Modern architecture. Because it played an important role in the foundation of CIAM, and affected the style of Internationalism and Neue Sachlichkeit in Modern architecture. ABC group was the result of Elementarism and Constructivist International. And El Lissitzky was a central figure in the birth of ABC group as a Constructivist. ABC's design resembled the design of ASNOVA, but it modified it as a more real and functional design. This study amins at the analysis of the effects of ABC group on the design of Modern architecture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to forecast characteristics of dynamic expression in the architecture design by analyzing characteristics and trends in dynamic expressions of the architecture classified by period. The various architectural trends, even in the transition of new paradigm after collapse of the CIAM, consistently expresses dynamics of architecture. In this study, it regards the inherent characteristics of the architecture design as expression of space organization and modelling and it views dynamic expression is important element of the architecture design. The case study shows that the architecture of passed 50 years, the key element of the dynamic expressions are expression of new technology and expression of one's experience. Also, it shows that the dynamic expressions of architecture in 1990's are expression of new technology which consists of lightness, fragmentation, and symbolism that reflects the trend of arts in 1990's.