• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

A large-scale oligonucleotide (LSON) chip was developed for the detection of the plant viruses with known genetic information. The LSON chip contains two sets of 3,978 probes for 538 species of targets including plant viruses, satellite RNAs and viroids. A hundred forty thousand probes, consisting of isolate-, species- and genus-specific probes respectively, are designed from 20,000 of independent nucleotide sequence of plant viruses. Based on the economic importance, the amount of genome information, and the number of strains and/or isolates, one to fifty-one probes for each target virus are selected and spotted on the chip. The standard and field samples for the analysis of the LSON chip have been prepared and tested by RT-PCR. The probe's specific and/or nonspecific reaction patterns by LSON chip allow us to diagnose the unidentified viruses. Thus, the LSON chip in this study could be highly useful for the detection of unexpected plant viruses, the monitoring of emerging viruses and the fluctuation of the population of major viruses in each plant.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2017

The amount of the wood chip ash is expected to increase continuously as demand of wood chip-based heat and electricity increase. Thus, there is increased interest in wood chip ash utilization. In this study, as a program of utilization in wood chip ash, the physical and chemical properties of wood chip ashes generated from a combined heat and power plant were investigated. The chemical analysis showed that the main contents of wood chip ash are composed of silica, alumina and alkali. A possibility of reuse as secondary cementitious materials was investigated by the analysis of strength activity index, and compared with coal ash. The highest value for Strength activity index of wood chip fly ash was 78% at 90 days curing time. This result revealed that wood chip fly ash has the potential to be utilized as the admixture for cementitious material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.763-768
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• 2005

Bare-chip packaging becomes more popular along with the miniaturization of IT components. In this paper, we have studied flip-chip process, and developed automated bonding system. Among the several bonding method, NCP bonding is chosen and batch-type equipment is manufactured. The dual optics and vision system aligns the chip with the substrate. The bonding head equipped with temperature and force controllers bonds the chip. The system can be easily modified for other bonding methods such as ACF In bonding process, the bonding forte and temperature are known as the most dominant bonding parameters. A parametric study is performed for these two parameters. For the test sample, we used standard flip-chip test kit which consists of FR4 boards and dummy flip-chips. The bonding test was performed fur two types of flip-chips with different chip size and lead pitch. The bonding temperatures are chosen between $25^{\circ}C\;to\;300^{\circ}C$. The bonding forces are chosen between 5N and 300N. The bonding strength is checked using bonding force tester. After the bonding force test, the samples are examined by microscope to determine the failure mode. The relations between the bonding strength and the bonding parameters are analyzed and compared with bonding models. Finally, the most suitable bonding condition is suggested in terms of temperature and force.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2021

The INO80 chromatin remodeling complex has roles in many essential cellular processes, including DNA replication. However, the mechanisms that regulate INO80 in these processes remain largely unknown. We previously reported that the stability of Ino80, the catalytic ATPase subunit of INO80, is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and that BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a nuclear deubiquitinase with tumor suppressor activity, stabilizes Ino80 via deubiquitination and promotes replication fork progression. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Ino80 for proteasomal degradation was unknown. Here, we identified the C-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), the E3 ubiquitin ligase that functions in cooperation with Hsp70, as an Ino80-interacting protein. CHIP polyubiquitinates Ino80 in a manner dependent on Hsp70. Contrary to our expectation that CHIP degrades Ino80, CHIP instead stabilizes Ino80 by extending its half-life. The data suggest that CHIP stabilizes Ino80 by inhibiting degradative ubiquitination. We also show that CHIP works together with BAP1 to enhance the stabilization of Ino80, leading to its chromatin binding. Interestingly, both depletion and overexpression of CHIP compromise replication fork progression with little effect on fork stalling, as similarly observed for BAP1 and Ino80, indicating that an optimal cellular level of Ino80 is important for replication fork speed but not for replication stress suppression. This work therefore idenitifes CHIP as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that stabilizes Ino80 via nondegradative ubiquitination and suggests that CHIP and BAP1 act in concert to regulate Ino80 ubiquitination to fine-tune its stability for efficient DNA replication.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2024

Background: There is limited data regarding the clinical outcomes of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of CHIP as a COPD biomarker. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with COPD who were enrolled prospectively in the Seoul National University Hospital Airway Registry from January 2013 to December 2019 and underwent pulmonary function and blood tests. We evaluated the CHIP score according to smoking status and severity of airflow obstruction. Results: We analyzed next-generation sequencing data to detect CHIP in 125 patients with COPD. Current smokers had a higher prevalence of CHIP in combination of DNMT3A, TET2, and PPM1D (DTP), DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), and protein phosphatase, Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺ dependent 1D (PPM1D) genes than in never- or ex-smokers. CHIP of DTP and DNMT3A genes was significantly associated with current smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 7.79) (aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.09 to 14.0). Patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction had a higher prevalence of CHIP in most of the explored genes than those with mild obstruction, although the difference was not statistically significant. CHIP in ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1) genes was significantly associated with history of mild, severe, and total acute exacerbation. Conclusion: Given that CHIP in specific genes was significantly associated with current smoking status and acute exacerbation, CHIP can be considered as a candidate biomarker for COPD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.44-55
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• 1987

In order to study the effect of sawdustboard combined with plastic chips, 0.5mm($T_1$), 1mm($T_2$), 1.4mm($T_3$) thick nylon fiber. polypropylene rope fiber(RP), and 0.23mm thick moth-proof polypropylene net fiber(NP) were cut into 0.5, 1, 2cm long plastic chips. Thereafter, sawdustboard combined with plastic chips prepared as the above and plastic non-combined sawdustboard(control) were manufactured into 3 types of one-, two-, and three layer with 5 or 10% combination level. By the discussions and results at this study, the significant conclusions of mechanical and physical properties were summarized as follows: 1. The MORs were shown in the order of 3 layer> 2 layer> 1 layer among plastic non-combined boards, and $T_3$ < $T_2$ < $T_1$ < RP (NP(5%) < NP(l0%) among plastic combined boards. In 2cm long plastic chip in 1 layer board, the highest strength through all the composition was recognized. 1 layer board showing the lower strength with 0.5cm plastic chip rendered to the bending strength improvement by 2 or 3 layer board composition. On the other hand, 2 or 3 layer combined with 1, 2cm long polypropylene net fiber chips incurred MOR's conspicuous decrease requiring optimum plastic chip combined level and consideration to combined type. 2. MOE in plastic non-combined 3 layer board exhibited sandwich construction effect by higher resin content application to surface layer in the order of 3layer>1layer>2layer with the highest stiffness of the board combined with polypropylene chip, while nylon chip-combined board had little difference from plastic non-combined board. In relevant to length and layer effect, 3 layer board combined with the 0.5cm long polypropylene net fiber chip in 5% and 10% combined level presented 34-43% and 44-76% stiffness increase against plastic non-combined board(control), respectively. Moreover, in 1 layer board, 30% stiffness increase with 10% against 5% combined level in the 1 and 2cm long polypropylene net fiber chip was obtained. 3. Stress at proportional limit(Spl) showing the fiber relationship (r: 0.81-0.97) between MOR presented in the order of 1 layer<2 layer<3 layer in plastic non-combined board. Correspondingly, combined effect by layer and plastic chip length was similar to MOR's. 4. Differently from previous properties(MOR, MOE, Spl). work to maximum load(Wml) of 2 layer board approached to that of 3 layer board. Conforming the above phenomenon. 2 layer combined with 0.5cm long polypropylene net fiber chip kept the greater work than 1 layer. The polypropylene combined board superior to nylon -and plastic non - combined board seemed to have greater anti - failing capacity. 5. Internal bond strength(IB), in contrast to MOR's tendency. showed in the order of T1

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2004

Biodevices composed of biomolecular layer have been developed in various fields such as medical diagnosis, pharmaceutical screening, electronic device, photonic device, environmental pollution detection device, and etc. The biomolecules such as protein, DNA and pigment, and cells have been used to construct the biodevices such as biomolecular diode, biostorage device, bioelectroluminescence device, protein chip, DNA chip, and cell chip. Substantial interest has focused upon thin film fabrication or the formation of biomaterials mono- or multi-layers on the solid surfaces to construct the biodevices. Based on the development of nanotechnology, nanoscale fabrication technology for biofilm has been emerged and applied to biodevices due to the various advantages such as high density immobilization and orientation control of immoblized biomolecules. This review described the nanoscale fabrication of biomolecular film and its application to bioelectronic devices and biochips.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2001

A new DNA purification chip is proposed and fabricated for the sample preparation of Nucleic Acid (NA) probe assay. The proposed DNA purification chip is fabricated using photosensitive glass substrate and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover fixture. We have successfully captured and eluted the DNA using the fabricated photosensitive glass chip. The fabricated DNA purification chip showed a binding capacity of $15ng/\textrm{cm}^2$and a minimum extractable input concentration of $100copies/200\muL$. The proposed DNA purification chip can be applied for low-cost, disposable sample preparation of NA probe assays.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.405-413
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• 1997

A thermal optimization of the chip arrangement in the PCB channel oriented vertically and cooled by natural convection has been studied. The objective of this study is to find the chip arrangement that minimizes the maximum temperature of the entire PCB channel. SIMPLER algorithm is employed in the analysis, and the genetic algorithm is used for the optimization. The results show that the chip with a maximum volumetric heat generation rate has to be located at the bottom of the channel, and chips with relatively high heat generation rates should not be close to each other, and small chip should not be located between the large chips.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.589-595
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• 2004

The ESD protection characteristic of chip varistors on a circuit board can not be analyzed by using a conventional circuit simulator due to its microwave characteristic. Thus, by employing Agilent's microwave circuit simulator ADS, we showed that the ESD Protection characteristic or chip varistors can be investigated. order to got more precise simulation results, a chip varistor model was extracted from the electrical characteristic of a TDK's chip varistor and the distributed circuit based pattern was designed as the ESD propagation path. The simulation results showed that the ESD protection characteristic of a chip varistors can be improved drastically by reducing the ESD propagation path.