• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2010

A good amount of work has been done on degree of approximation of functions belonging to Lip${\alpha}$, Lip($\xi$(t),r) and W($L_r,\xi(t)$) and classes using Ces$\`{a}$ro, N$\"{o}$rlund and generalised N$\"{o}$rlund single summability methods by a number of researchers ([1], [10], [8], [6], [7], [2], [3], [4], [9]). But till now, nothing seems to have been done so far to obtain the degree of approximation of functions using (N,$p_n$)(C, 1) product summability method. Therefore the purpose of present paper is to establish two quite new theorems on degree of approximation of function $f\;\in\;Lip({\alpha},r)$ class and $f\;\in\;W(L_r,\;\xi(t))$ class by (N, $p_n$)(C, 1) product summability means of its Fourier series.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of drinking problems in Korean international students in the United States. Methods: The subjects involved this study were 190 Korean international students in the United States. Data were measured using a drinking problems questionnaire, an acculturative stress scale for international student, and the CES-D. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program to calculate mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Sheff$\acute{e}$ test and pearson's correlation coefficient. and stepwise multiple regression. Results: 1) The mean score of the degree of perceived acculturative stress was $2.15{\pm}0.63$, of depression was $17.67{\pm}9.85$, and of drinking problems was $15.03{\pm}15.52.2$) There were significant correlations between acculturative stress and drinking problems (r=.506, p<.001), between depression and drinking problems (r=.6726, p<.001), and between acculturative stress and depression (r=.453, p<.001). 3) In stepwise multiple regression analysis the most powerful predictor of drinking problems were acculturative stress (${\beta}$=.243, p<.001), and depression (${\beta}$=.562, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, practical implications for reducing the acculturative stress and improving the psychological well-being of Korean students were discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to explore the levels of depression experienced by adolescents, and to compare health behavior between depressed and non-depressed adolescents. Method: Participants were chosen by a stratified random sampling of adolescents in the second grade of a high school in P city. Levels of depression and health behavior of the students were measured using questionnaires. Data collection was done in May, 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0 Program. Results: The prevalence of depression (CES-D) among the students was $53.5\%$. In multiple logistic regression analysis, sex (OR 1.80, $95\%$ Cl 1.35-2.41), school performance, mid (OR 1.68, $95\%$ Cl 1.48-1.97) and low (OR 1.42, $95\%$ Cl 1.29-1.61), drinking (OR 1.47, $95\%$ Cl 1.09-1.98), and not eating breakfast (OR 1.74, $95\%$ Cl 1.56-1.97) were significantly higher in students in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group. Conclusions: Based on the findings, we concluded that many adolescent experience depression and depression in adolescents is significantly related to behaviors of smoking, alcohol, no exercise, and not eating breakfast. However this study did not address causality among these variables. There, further research, such as a longitudinal study, is needed to identify causality among the variables.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the Quality of Life of the Stroke Patients. Method: The subjects were 249 Stroke Patients who had visiting at the hospital and health care center. The research tools were FIM, CES-D, ATD PA, Quality of life Scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN program in which frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlation and stepwise regression were used examination the factors affecting the quality of life. Result: There were positive correlation between patient's FIM and Quality of life, depression and physical disability, and negative correlation between FIM and depression and physical disability. Depression was the most important factor with influence on quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the results, Active nursing intervention to decreased depression and to improve patients physical functional status in needed.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2014

Purpose: This study compares differences in stress, depression and suicidal ideation between nursing and students of other academic disciplines. Method: Nursing students (n=105) and students of other majors (n=148) were surveyed on the degree of personal stress, depression and suicidal ideation. Participants were recruited from three universities in cities S and C in Korea. Data were collected from May 1 to 20, 2013. Measurement tools were the Revised Life Stress Scale for College Students, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D), and Scale for Suicide Ideation(SSI). PASW Statistics 18 was used for descriptive analysis, homogeneity test(chi-square distribution) and ANCOVA. Results: The level of stress among nursing students was lower than that of students in other majors. Among the subcategories of stress, however, stress among nursing students arising from the student-faculty relationship was higher than that of their non-nursing counterparts. Conversely, differences in the prevalence of depression were notsignificant between nursing students and non-nursing students. Ultimately, it was revealed that there exists a strong correlation among stress, depression and suicidal idea for nursing students. Conclusion: Developing stress and depression management programs for nursing students is highly recommended.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of academic stress and response styles on depression in adolescents, focusing on the moderating role of responses styles. The subjects of this study comprised 419 high school students (185 boys and 234 girls) in two high schools. In order to measure the level of depression, the CES-D Scale (Radloff, 1977) was used. Academic stress and response styles were assessed by the Academic Stress Scale for adolescents (Lee & Kim, 2000) and the Response Styles Questionnaire (Kim, 1991) respectively. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple regressions. The results indicated that for both boys and girls, the levels of academic stress and rumination response style increased the level of depression, whereas the distraction response style decreased the level of depression. Second, both the rumination and distraction styles for girls moderated the effect of academic stress on their depression. On the contrary, there was no moderating effect of the response styles for boys.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the level of emotional labor, social support, and depressive symptoms of nurses, and the relationships among them. Methods: The data were collected from 314 nurses. Surface and deep-acting scales of the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS), the personal resource questionnaire, the organizational support scale, and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression (CES-D) were used. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results: Fifty six percent of total subjects had mild or major depressive symptoms. As the level of surface-acting of ELS was higher, so was the level of depressive symptoms, while as the level of individual and organizational support was higher, the level of depressive symptoms was lower. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide organizational-level support and to manage surface-acting in order to prevent the nurses' depressive symptoms. In particular, for the nurses who show relatively higher level of depressive symptoms; who are in 20s and have short employed years or not married, it is urgently required to be provided depressive symptoms management programs that targeted for those nurses.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 1996

The optimal conditions and substrate specificity of whole body esterase (EST) activity, effects of inhibitors (Eserine, Paraoxon, p-HMB, DDVP, DFP) on the enzyme, and ontogenv of the isozymes were determined in Lucilio ilfustris Meisen. The optimal temperature was $45^{\circ}C$ regardless of kind of reacted substrate, $\alpha-naphthyl$ acetate $(\alpha-Nal,$ a.naphthvl butylate $(\alpha-N),$ and Pnaphthyl acetate $(\beta-Na),$ but the optimal pH showed some regioselectivitv to naphthvl group of the esters; PH 7.0 for Iform, pH 7.5 for a-form. The maximum reaction rate was recorded at about 2.5 $\times$ 10's M of PNa and etNa, but 1.0 $\times$ 10'S M of $\alpha-Nb.$ Among the five EST inhibitors tested, DDVP was the most powerful. However, distinction of the relative specificity of inhibitors between three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen, was shouts, representing differences in the distribution and activity of isozvmes. Of 12 carboxyl-esterases (CE), 8 cholinesterases (ChE) and 2 arvlesterases (ArE) identified based on their inhibitor specificity throughout the development, two larval and prepupal stage specific ChEs, no pupal specific, and 2 CEs.2ChEs. and one ArE adult specific isozvmes were confirmed.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of pain, depression, and adjustment to military life in soldier who experienced low back pain, in order to produce fundamental data for the development of health improvement programs to prevent and manage low back pain in soldiers with low back pain. Methods: Subjects of this study consisted of 317 soldiers who had low back pain. Study instruments were Visual analog scale (VAS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and adjustment to military life scale. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS Win 14.0 program. Results: Mean score of pain was 4.16 points, depression was 8.58 points, and adjustment to military life was 69.15 points. The level of pain was negatively related to adjustment to military life (r=-.241, p<.001) and positively related to depression (r=.262, p<.001). There was a negative relationship between depression and adjustment to military life (r=-.442, p<.001). Conclusion: Soldiers who had low back pain experienced higher levels of pain and depression and lower level of adjustment to military life. Therefore, further study is needed to develop and examine a nursing intervention to manage low back pain for them.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to identify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and to evaluate the factors affecting LUTS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The cross sectional study was used with a structured questionnaire to collect data through interviews with 181 T2DM patients and their clinical data from a university hospital diabetes clinic from October 2010 to April 2012. LUTS were measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from the clinical data. Results: Of all patients with T2DM, the mean IPSS of LUTS was $9.34{\pm}6.86$. Concerning the reported severity of LUTS, 53.6% of the subjects were in the moderate and severe group. In each symptom score of LUTS (range 0-5), nocturia was the highest 2.04, weak stream 1.62, and frequency 1.45. LUTS was significantly predicted by HbA1c and depression, and 14.3% of the variance in LUTS was explained. Conclusion: HbA1c and depression were found to be very important factors associated with LUTS in T2DM patients.