• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2043-2048
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• 2015

Bacillus thuringiensis microbial insecticide products have been applied worldwide. Although a few cases of B. thuringiensis foodborne illness have been reported, little is known about the toxigenic properties of B. thuringiensis isolates. The aims of this study were to estimate the pathogenic potential of B. thuringiensis selected from microbial insecticide products, based on its possession of toxin genes and production of enterotoxins. Fifty-two B. thuringiensis strains selected from four kinds of microbial insecticide products were analyzed. PCR assay for detection of toxin genes and immunoassay for detection of enterotoxins were performed. The hemolysin BL complex as a major enterotoxin was produced by 17 (32.7%), whereas the non-hemolytic enterotoxin complex was detected in 1 (1.9%) of 52 B. thuringiensis strains. However, cytK, entFM, and ces genes were not detected in any of the tested B. thuringiensis strains. The potential risk of food poisoning by B. thuringiensis along with concerns over B. thuringiensis microbial insecticide products has gained attention recently. Thus, microbial insecticide products based on B. thuringiensis should be carefully controlled.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1449-1456
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• 2017

The prevalence and toxin characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from 39 organic vegetables were investigated. B. thuringiensis was detected in 30 out of the 39 organic vegetables (76.9%) with a mean value of 2.60 log CFU/g. Twenty-five out of the 30 B. thuringiensis isolates (83.3%) showed insecticidal toxicity against Spodoptera exigua. The hblCDA, nheABC, and entFM genes were found to be the major toxin genes, but the ces gene was not detected in any of the tested B. thuringiensis isolates. The hemolysin BL enterotoxin was detected in all 30 B. thuringiensis isolates (100%). The non-hemolytic enterotoxin complex was found in 27 out of 30 B. thuringiensis isolates (90.0%). The B. thuringiensis tested in this study had similar toxin gene characteristics to B. cereus, which possessed more than one toxin gene. B. thuringiensis could have the potential risk of foodborne illness based on the toxin genes and toxin-producing ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.673-691
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• 2017

This study was to examine the causal relationships among extraneous variables, social participation, and life satisfaction among the elderly persons. This study analyzed 4014 elderly persons out of 2010 KLoSA. The path analysis and mediating effects were examined by AMOS. Except educational level, family income, health status, functional capacities, K-MMSE, and CES-D10 were direct effects on the life satisfaction among the elderly persons. The mediating effects of causal meeting activities, leisure activities, and membership based activities were significant on life satisfaction. This study proposed implications of improving life satisfaction for the elderly through utilizing of social participation activities.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.150-160
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of socially-perfectionism on depression by mediating ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and experiential avoidance. For this purpose, 201 participants across the country conducted the survey, a measure of MPS, AEQ-K, AAQ-II, CES-D. The descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, path coefficient were conducted using SPSS 23.0. The indirect effect was examined using bootstrap in PROCESS Macro. The results of the study are as follows. First, all the variables had meaningful positive correlations. Secondly, When socially-perfectionism affects depression, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and experiential avoidance were mediated. As a result, the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Tai-Chi exercise program on subjective health and physiological function index. Methods: This study was designed as non-equivalent control group pretestposttest research. Eighteen women in each group completed the posttest with an attendance rate of 78.3 % after 12 weeks. The Tai Chi exercise program was provided two times a week over three months for the experimental group, but no program for the control group. A questionnaire was used for subjective health index, which consisted of Korean-WOMAC Index for joint stiffness, K-HAQ for physical disability, EQ-5D for quality of life and perceived health status, and CES-D for depression. To measure the effect on the physiological function index, femoral muscle strength, shoulder joint and back flexibility were measured. Results: All variables except left anterior femoral muscle strength had significant homogeneity between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in joint stiffness (t=-2.165, p=.03), physical disability (t=-2.231, p=.038), EQ-5D index (t=3.783, p=.001), perceived health status (t=-2.349, p=.025) and femoral posterior muscle strength (t=2.487, p=.038). Conclusion: The Tai-Chi exercise program was beneficial for women with arthritis in rural communities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and related to the factors among the rural people. The questionnaire survey using the Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted in the rural people. The subjects were 226 individuals, living in the rural area. The results of this study were as follows. In this study, the prevalence of depression was 15.0% in all and 18.3% in the elderly. The prevalence rate was higher in non educational, widowhood, higher income group. The prevalence rate was lower in the group of having good health status, having no chronic disease, low stress level. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of the depression were stress level whereas there was no relation with other factors. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors of depression should be taken into consideration for the comprehensive mental health programs for the people living in the rural area.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.27-47
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• 2014

Gartner mentioned IoT (Internet of Things) as one of the ten growth engines in the world in 2014. In addition, IoT has been frequently invited as a theme by participants at CES held in the early this year. Gartner predicts that the number of devices connected will reach to 26 billion and a total of economic value added will grow to 1.9 trillion dollars until 2020. The definition of IoT has been arranged in a different way by each institution. Therefore, this study arranged the concept of IoT which has been variously defined and used together with M2M and IoE. Further, forecasts presented by research institutions which stated domestic and foreign market outlook were collected and arranged. As IoT is on the uptrend and is selected as one of the ten growth engines in the world, it was found out how policies on IoT in the US, China, Japan and Korea were established and promoted as well as how recent strategies on IoT of major large companies have been carried out. Lastly, the following countermeasures of our government and companies were discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective happiness and satisfaction with life of children with type 1 diabetes and explore related factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and the study was conducted with children at a diabetes camp. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire to explore positive and negative psychological factors. The questionnaire included Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: Data from 15 children were used for data analysis. The correlational analysis results showed that subjective happiness was positively correlated satisfaction with life, social support, and self-efficacy, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Satisfaction with life was positively correlated social support, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Conclusion: Results indicate that the positive psychology factors were closely related with social support and self-efficacy and may alleviate perceived stress and depressive feelings. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should include positive psychological factors in their health management model for children with chronic illness.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2001

The purposes of this study was to determine the effect of exercise in stroke patients and to define to strategy to promote their activity of daily living, decrease to their depression. The experiemental design was designed nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The study method had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionaire on 60 patients who had been in patient department in D University hospital and K University hospital in Busan from November 5th, 2000 to the end of February 28th, 2001. Exercise was conducted by the researcher and was carried out experimental group once per day for 20 minutes for daily fourteen days. ADL check List tool by Kang and Center of Epideilogic Studies-Depression (CES-D) were used for measurement in this study. The data was analyzed by means of freqency, percentage, $mean{\pm}SD$, t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA with SPSS/PC. The results were summarized as follow; 1. The experimental group which received exercise should be higher in activity of daily living than the control group was supported (t=2.70, P=.009). 2. The experimental group which received exercise should be lower in depression than the control group was not support(t=-1.120, P=.267) but experimental group post-pre depression score support(t=7.247, P=.000). 3. Factors influencing the activity of daily living measured are payer of medical expenses (F=3.98, P=.018) and complications(t=3.97, P=.056). 4. Factors influencing the depression measured are economic status(F=5.71, P=.009) and caregivers (F=3.09, P=.045). In conclusion, the exercise incresed the activity of daily living and effect on depression of stroke patiens. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses who take care of stroke patients such as exercise.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2007

ression and quality of life of family caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease(PD). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in one neurology outpatient clinic in Seoul, Korea from March to June, 2006. Sixty eight family caregivers of PD patients were participated to the study, using CES-D and SF-36. Results: Mean scores of depression were $16.18{\pm}8.39$ (range: 0-48) and it was a little lower than caregiver's who took care of Dementia patients and were higher than primary caregivers of the patients with Stroke. Time for caregiving, perceived severity, duration of PD were significantly related with depression respectively. Higher ADL scores which mean greater motor disabilities were related to higher caregiver depression. Lower income and greater medical expenditure were closely related with the depression of family caregivers respectively. The mean scores of total QOL were $435.5{\pm}96.5$ and the mean scores of PF, SF, RE and MH were lower than general population. Time for caregiving, depression, patients' ADL scores were significantly associated with QOL respectively. People who were older and had lower educational background showed lower QOL scores respectively. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to emotional aspects of caregivers who take care of PD patients, and develop comprehensive management strategies both for patients and their caregivers.