• Advances in nano research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-244
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• 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer's method to produce reduced graphene oxide (RGO) following standard thermal and chemical reduction processes. Prepared RGO colloids were utilized to fabricate RGO films over glass and FTO coated glass substrates through drop-coating. A systematic study was performed to evaluate the effect of reduction degree on the optical and electrical properties of the RGO film. We demonstrate that both the reduction process (thermal and chemical) produce RGO films of similar optical and electrical behaviors. However, the RGO films fabricated using chemically reduced GO colloid render better performance in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), when they are used as counter electrodes (CEs). It has been demonstrated that RGO films of optimum thicknesses fabricated using RGO colloids prepared using lower concentration of hydrazine reducer have better catalytic performance in DSSCs due to a better catalytic interaction with redox couple. The better catalytic performance of the RGO films fabricated at optimal hydrazine concentration is associated to their higher available surface area and lower grain boundaries.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationship between perceived entrapment to depression and subjective well-being of women as family caregivers caring for elderly dementia patients. Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine women family caregivers were recruited from two high schools located in Seoul, Korea for this descriptive study. The instruments used were The Entrapment Scale, The Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Subjective well-being scale. Results: The score of perceived entrapment significantly correlated with depression and subjective well-being. The significant predictor of depression in women caregivers was perceived entrapment, 50.3% of the variance in depression. Also, perceived entrapment was predictor of subjective well-being in women caregivers, explaining 41.4% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: This study showed that perceived entrapment is an important predictor for depression and subjective well-being. Therefore, in order to reduce depression in women caregivers, it is necessary to design an intervention program that helps with coping and reduces perceived entrapment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2825-2830
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• 2014

Purpose: To study the effect of Cleistocalyx nervosum extract (CE) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) induced oxidative stress in early stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with Group 1 as a negative control and Group 2 was a positive control receiving DEN injections once a week and PB in drinking water for 6 weeks. Two weeks before DEN initiation and PB treatment, Groups 3 and 4, were fed with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of CEs, respectively, for 8 weeks. Results: A number of GST-P-positive foci, preneoplastic lesions, in the liver were markedly increased in carcinogen administered rats, but was comparatively decreased in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg of CE. The CE reduced malondialdehyde in serum and in the livers of rats treated with DEN and PB. Moreover, CE significantly increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in rat liver. Conclusions: CE appeared to exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating antioxidant status during DEN and PB induced early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

The effects of electric field strength and mechanical compressive stress on the displacement of multilayered ceramic actuator, stacked alternatively 0.2 (PbM $n_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/ $O_3$)-0.8(PbZ $r_{0.475}$ $Ti_{0.525}$ $O_3$) ceramic thin films and 70Ag-30Pd electrodes were investigated. Because the actuators were designed to stack ceramic layer and electrode layer alternatively, the ceramic-electrode interfaces may act as a resistance to motion of domain wall. so the polarization and strain were affected by the amount of 180$^{\circ}$domain, electric field strength and mechanical compressive stress. Consequently, the change of polarization, displacement with respect to field strength, and mechanical compressive stress were likely to be caused by readiness of the domain wall movement around the ceramic-electrode interfaces.ces.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1995

Alkaline solutions such as $NH_4$OH, choline and TMAH (($CH_3$)$_4$NOH) have been introduced in semiconductor wet processing of silicon wafers to control ionic and particulate impurities following etching in acidic solutions. These chemicals usually mixed with hydrogen peroxide and/or surfactants to control the etch rate of silicon. The highest etch rate was observed in $NH_4$OH solutions at a pH in alkaline solutions. It indicates that the etch rate depends on the content of $OH^{-}$ as well as cations of alkaline solutions. STM/AFM techniques were used to characterize the effect of alkaline solutions on silicon surface roughness. In SC1 (mixture of $NH_4$OH : $H_2$$O_2$ : $H_2$O) solutions, the reduction of the ammonium hydroxide proportion from 1 to 0.1 decreased the surface roughness ($R_{rms}$) from 6.4 to $0.8\AA$. The addition of $H_2$$O_2$ and surfactants to choline and TMAH reduced the values of $R_{p-v}$ and $R_{rms}$ significantly. $H_2$$_O2$ and surfactants added in alkaline solutions passivate bare silicon surfaces by the oxidation and adsorption, respectively. The passivation of surfaces in alkaline solutions resulted in lower etch rate of silicon thereby provided smoother surfaces.s.ces.s.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to investigate the level of xerostomia and depression in the elderly people and to determine the relationship between xerostomia and depression. Methods: The subjects were 238 subjects(86.5%), who were 65 years or older with mean age of 73.6 years. Data was collected using a self administrated questionnaire from September 14 to September 23, 2005. Perception of xerostomia was measured by questionnaire, and depression was measured using the 20-items CES-D. The data were analysed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using the SPSS 12.0 Windows. Results: Regarding xerostomia, the subjects was a mean of 7.87 out of a maximum 12 points. The level of depression in the group of people 65 years or older was 21.51 out of a maximum 60 points. Xerostomia was positive related depression in this study. Perceived oral health and xerostomia had a significant impact on depression. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the perception of xerostomia is strongly associated with depression. These results suggest that oral health promotion should be considered various psychological factors related xerostomia in elders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.449-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of health perception, body image and sexual function on depression according to the menopausal stage in Korean middle aged women. Methods: Subjects were 182 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy. A five-item General HealthShort Form (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) was used to measure health perception. Body image was measured Semantic Differential scale, CES-D was used to measure the level of depression, and sexual function was measured by FSFI. Results: The subjects rated their health as 'moderate', their body image as 'moderate, and level of depression as 'high'. However, there were no significant differences in health perception, body image, and depression between perimenopasual and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women experienced lower levels of sexual function than perimenopausal women in sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. In stepwise regression analysis, 21.7% of variance in depression was shown to be perceived health and body image in postmenopausal women. However, in perimenopausal women, perceived health and sexual function explained 34.5% of variance in depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that nurses must consider the menopasusal stage when counseling their patients.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if women's depression is influenced by their self esteem, stress, and social support. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey, and data were collected from the November 1 to December 20, 2015 using a self-reported questionnaire. The measurements were SES for self esteem, and CES-D for depression. A total of 165 middle-aged women participated through convenient sampling. Results: There were significant difference in self-esteem according to education level and monthly income. Additionally, there was an inverse correlation between stress and self esteem, as well as a significant strong correlation between self esteem, stress, social support and depression. Finally, multiple regression showed that self-esteem and stress had significant effects on depression, and their explanatory power was ${\Delta}R2(%)=47.9$ (${\Delta}F=66.526$, p<.001), p<.001). Conclusion: This study confirmed that depression was closely related to self-esteem and stress among middle-aged women. Based on these findings, we suggest that the health policies of reducing depression for middle-aged women should focus on reducing stress and reinforcing their self-esteem.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

We present a top down separation platform for yeast ribosomal proteins using affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis which is designed to allow deposition of proteins onto a substrate. FLAG tagged ribosomes were affinity purified, and rRNA acid precipitation was performed on the ribosomes followed by capillary electrophoresis to separate the ribosomal proteins. Over 26 peaks were detected with excellent reproducibility (<0.5% RSD migration time). This is the first reported separation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins using capillary electrophoresis. The two stages in this workflow, affinity chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, share the advantages that they are fast, flexible and have small sample requirements in comparison to more commonly used techniques. This method is a remarkably quick route from cell to separation that has the potential to be coupled to high throughput readout platforms for studies of the ribosomal proteome.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore factors that influence illness intrusiveness of the sexual life in women with overactive bladder. Methods: Ninety-two women diagnosed with overactive bladder, from D University Hospital and three private urology hospitals in B region, participated in a survey between April 7 and August 7, 2012. The Overactive Bladder-questionnaire (OAB-q), the Marital Intimacy Tool, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and 1 question to ask illness intrusiveness of the sexual life were used in the study. Results: The illness intrusiveness score of the sexual life in women with overactive bladder was 2.22 out of 5. There were no significant differences of illness intrusiveness by demographic and disease related characteristics. The predictor were the clinical symptom score and depression, accounting for 13% of the variance of the illness intrusiveness of the sexual life in the women with overactive bladder. Conclusion: Effective nursing intervention to relieve clinical signs of overactive bladder and reduce depression can improve quality of sexual life in women with overactive bladder.