• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.776-781
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• 2010

CdSe films were deposited on glass substrates (CdSe/glass) by thermal evaporation. Substrate temperature was lowered by cooling substrate holder with liquid nitrogen. Substrate temperatures were $200^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$ and $-40^{\circ}C$. The crystallographic properties and surface morphologies of the CdSe/glass films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated by dependence of energy gap, photosensitivity and resistivity on the substrate temperature. CdSe/glass showed energy gap of ~1.72 eV regardless of substrate temperature. The resistivity of the films decreased to $0.5{\Omega}cm$ by lowering the substrate temperature to $-40^{\circ}C$. The CdSe/glass films prepared at $0^{\circ}C$ showed the highest photosensitivity among the films in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2000

Chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) results in an inhibition of protein endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule, leading to proteinuria. In order to gain insight into the mechanism by which Cd impairs the protein endocytosis, we investigated the effect of Cd on the acidification of renal cortical endocytotic vesicles (endosomes). The endosomal acidification was assessed by measuring the pH gradient-dependent fluorescence change, using acridine orange or FITC-dextran as a probe. In renal endosomes isolated from Cd-intoxicated rats, the $V_{max}$ of ATP-driven fluorescence quenching ($H^+-ATPase$ dependent intravesicular acidification) was significantly attenuated with no substantial changes in the apparent $K_m,$ indicating that the capacity of acidification was reduced. When endosomes from normal animals were directly exposed to free Cd in vitro, the $V_{max}$ was slightly reduced, whereas the $K_m$ was markedly increased, implying that the biochemical property of the $H^+-ATPase$ was altered by Cd. In endosomes exposed to free Cd in vitro, the rate of dissipation of the transmembrane pH gradient after $H^+-ATPase$ inhibition appeared to be significantly faster compared to that in normal endosomes, indicating that the $H^+-conductance$ of the membrane was increased by Cd. These results suggest that in long-term Cd-exposed animals, free Cd ions liberated in the proximal tubular cytoplasm by lysosomal degradation of cadmium-metallothionein complex (CdMT) may impair endosomal acidification 1) by reducing the $H^+-ATPase$ density in the endosomal membrane, 2) by suppressing the intrinsic $H^+-ATPase$ activity, and 3) possibly by increasing the membrane conductance to $H^+$ ion. Such effects of Cd could be responsible for the alterations of proximal tubular endocytotic activities, protein reabsorption and various transporter distributions observed in Cd-exposed cells and animals.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

Increasing the efficiency of HR (homologous recombination) is important for a successful knock-in. Rad51 is mainly involved in homologous recombination and is associated with strand invasion. The HR-related mismatch repair system maintains HR fidelity by heteroduplex rejection and repair. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to control Rad51, which plays a critical role in HR, through UV-induced DNA damage. It is also to confirm the effect on the expression of MMR related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, Mlh1, Pms2) and HR-related genes closely related to HR through treatment with the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂. The mRNA expression of Rad51 gene was confirmed in both HC11 cells and mouse testes, but the mRNA expression of Dmc1 gene was confirmed only in mouse testes. The protein expression of Rad51 and Dmc1 gene increased in UV-irradiated HC11 cells. After 72 hours of treatment with 1 ㎛ of CdCl₂, the mRNA expression level of Msh3, Pms2, and Rad51 decreased, but the mRNA expression level of Msh6 and Mlh1 increased in HC11 cells. There was no significant difference in Msh2 mRNA expression between CdCl₂ untreated-group and the 72 hours treated group. In conclusion, HR-related gene (Rad51) was increased by UV-induced DNA damage. Treatment of the MMR inhibitor CdCl₂ in HC11 cells decreased the mRNA expression of Rad51.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

This investigation involves a study of the physical and chemical factors of Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC. and Quercus mongolica Fisher barks affecting on the adsorption of heavy mteal ions. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. The capacity of the untreated bark to remove the Cu and Cd from solution was similar to or 5% higher than that of formaldehyde treated bark in both species. Considering that untreated bark lead to color-leaching problem, bark treated with formaldehyde are economical. 2. With decreasing particle size of bark(20-80), the adsorption ratio of the Cu and Cd from solution was increased. Quercus bark adsorbed more Cu and Cd at smaller particle size compared to Pinus bark. 3. The heavy metal eqilibrium adsorption of the bark from Cu and Cd solution was attained within 10 min. Pinus bark removed about 48% of the Cu and 41% of the Cd from solution in 10 min while Quercus bark removed about 50% during that period. 4. As the initial metal concentration increased. the absolute metal uptake was increased while percentage removal was decreased. At the lower metal concentration (10 ppm). Pinus and Quercus barks removed 77-94% of the Cu and 72-84% of the Cd. At high metal concentration (200 ppm), the adsorption ratio was 40% Cu and 25% Cd, respectivelty. 5. The maximum adsorption of the Cu and Cd from solution was obtained at pH 5-6 in filtrate. 6. With increased bark weight per given metal concentration, absolute removal of metal ion from solution was increased, but the percentage removal was decreased. The amount of adsorption was 4.2 mg Cu and 4.2 mg Cd per gr. Pinus, bark and 5.4 mg Cu and 4.3 mg Cd per gr. Quercus bark, respectively.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2011

Surface science is intrinsically related to the performance of solar cells. In solar cells the generation and collection of charge carriers determines their efficiency. Effective transport of charge carriers across interfaces and minimization of their recombination at surfaces and interfaces is of utmost importance. Thus, the chemistry at the surfaces and interfaces of these devices must be determined, and related to their performance. In this talk we will discuss the role of two important interfaces, First, the role of surface passivation is very important in limiting the rate of carrier of recombination. Here we will combine x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the surface of a Si device with electrical measurements to ascertain what factors determine the quality of a solar cell passivation. In addition, the quality of the heterojunction interface in a ZnSe/CdTe solar cell affects the output voltage of this device. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gives some insight into the composition of the interface, while ultraviolet photoemission yields the relative energy of the two materials' valence bands at the junction, which controls the open circuit voltage of the solar cell. The relative energies of ZnSe and CdTe at the interface is directly affected by the material quality of the interface through processing.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1980

$HgCl_2$ 5mg/kg body wt., 10 mg/kg body wt. 그리고 20 mg/kg body wt.와 $CdCl_2$ 10mg/kg. body wt., 15 mg/kg body wt.와 20 mg/kg body wt.를 mouse의 복가에 주사한 후 각각 24시간, 48시간 그리고 72시간 후에 간을 적출하여 disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate를 기질로 하고 Mundry 비색법으로 acid phosphatase 활성도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 즉 $HgCl_2$는 5 mg/kg body wt.를 처리한 후 24시간 경과 후 3.47 mg Pi/ml 0.5 hr이었고, 72시간 경과 후에는 5.00 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr이었고, 20 mg/kg body wt.에서는 24시간 경과 후 6.79 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr로, 72시간 경과 후에는 3.47 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr로 나와 대조군의 8.3 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr의 약 0.5배로 나타났다. EH한 $CdCl_2$는 15 mg/kg. body wt.와 20 mg/kg body wt.는 모두 죽었으니, 10 mg/kg body wt.에서는 거의 50% 정도가 살았고, 24시간, 48시간 그리고 72시간 경과 후에 거의 모두가 11.2 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr로 나와 대조군의 8.63 mg Pi/ml/0.5 hr 보다 1.5배 정도 높게 나타나 activate시킴을 보여주었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1998

The crystal structure of a benzene sorption complex of fully dehydrated Cd2+-exchanged zeolite X, Cd46Si100Al92O384·43C6H6 (a=24.880(6) Å), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 ℃. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.05 M aqueous Cd(NO3)2 for 3 d, followed by dehydration at 400 ℃ and 2 x 10-6 Torr for 2 d, followed by exposure to about 92 Torr of benzene vapor at 22 ℃. The structure was determined in this atmosphere and refined to the final error indices R1=0.054 and Rw=0.066 with 561 reflections for which I > 3σ(I). In this structure, Cd2+ ions are found at four crystallographic sites: eleven Cd2+ ions are at site 1, at the centers of the double six-oxygen rings; six Cd2+ ions lie at site I', in the sodalite cavity opposite to the double six-oxygen rings; and the remaining 29 Cd2+ ions are found at two nonequivalent threefold axes of unit cell, sites Ⅱ' (in the sodalite cavity ) and site Ⅱ (in the supercage) with occupancies of 2 and 27 ions, respectively. Each of these Cd2+ ions coordinates to three framework oxylkens, either at 2.173(13) or 2.224(10) Å, respectively, and extends 0.37 Å into the sodalite unit or 0.60 Å into the supercage from the plane of the three oxygens to which it is bound. The benzene molecules are found at two distinct sites within the supercages. Twenty-seven benzenes lie on threefold axes in the large cavities where they interact facially with the latter 27 site-Ⅱ Cd2+ ions (Cd2+-benzene center=2.72 Å; occupancy=27 molecules/32 sites). The remaining sixteen benzene molecules are found in 12ring planes; occupancy=16 molecules/16 sites. Each hydrogen of these sixteen benzenes is ca. 2.8/3.0 Å from three 12-ring oxygens where each is stabilized by multiple weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with framework oxygens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4421-4426
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• 2013

Objective: The present study employed 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 to investigate the effects on proliferation and expression of the TFPI-2 gene. Methods: Proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after A549 cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 ${\mu}mol/L$ 5-Aza-CdR, a specific demethylating agent, for 24, 48 and 72h. At the last time point cells were also analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) to identify any change in their cell cycle profiles. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR), real time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) and western blotting were carried out to determine TFPI-2 gene methylation status, mRNA expression and protein expression. Results: MTT assay showed that the growth of A549 cells which were treated with 5-Aza-CdR was significantly suppressed as compared with the control group (0 ${\mu}mol/L$ 5-Aza-CdR). After treatment with 0, 1, 5, 10 ${\mu}mol/L$ 5-Aza-CdR for 72h, FCM showed their proportion in G0/G1 was $69.7{\pm}0.99%$, $76.1{\pm}0.83%$, $83.8{\pm}0.35%$, $95.5{\pm}0.55%$ respectively (P<0.05), and the proportion in S was $29.8{\pm}0.43%$, $23.7{\pm}0.96%$, $15.7{\pm}0.75%$, $1.73{\pm}0.45%$, respectively (P<0.05), suggesting 5-Aza-CdR treatment induced G0/G1 phase arrest. MSPCR showed that hypermethylation in the promoter region of TFPI-2 gene was detected in control group (0 ${\mu}mol/L$ 5-Aza-CdR), and demethylation appeared after treatment with 1, 5, 10 ${\mu}mol/L$ 5-Aza-CdR for 72h. Real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of TFPI-2 gene mRNA were $1{\pm}0$, $1.49{\pm}0.14$, $1.86{\pm}0.09$ and $5.80{\pm}0.15$ (P<0.05) respectively. Western blotting analysis showed the relative expression levels of TFPI-2 protein were $0.12{\pm}0.01$, $0.23{\pm}0.02$, $0.31{\pm}0.02$, $0.62{\pm}0.03$ (P<0.05). TFPI-2 protein expression in A549 cells was gradually increased significantly with increase in the 5-Aza-CdR concentration. Conclusions: TFPI-2 gene promoter methylation results in the loss of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein expression in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549, and 5-Aza-CdR treatment could induce the demethylation of TFPI-2 gene promoter and restore TFPI-2 gene expression. These findings provide theoretic evidence for clinical treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the demethylation agent 5-Aza-CdR. TFPI-2 may be one molecular marker for effective treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with 5-Aza-CdR.

• 디지털콘텐츠
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• 3호통권46호
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• pp.72-73
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• 1997

대한민국 현행법령 타이틀은 서기에 비치되어 있는 두꺼운 법전을 일일이 살펴보지 않고, 컴퓨터를 통한 간단한 검색으로 원하는 법을 살펴볼 수 있도록 국내 현행법을 일목요연하게 제공하는 전자 법령집이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2009

목 적: 말초혈액 자연살해세포가 증가된 반복유산 환자군과 증가되지 않은 반복유산 환자군에서 다음 번 유산 시탈락막의 자연살해세포의 발현양상을 관찰하여 말초혈액 자연살해세포와 상관관계가 있는지 보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 말초혈액 자연살해세포가 15% 이상 증가된 반복유산 환자군 14명을 실험군으로, 15% 이하인 군 12명을 대조군으로 하여 연구를 진행하였다. 이 환자들에게서 다음 번 유산 시 착상부위를 포함한 자궁 탈락막 세포를 확인하여 면역조직화학염색을 통해 $CD56^+$와 $CD16^+$ 자연살해세포의 수를 세어 실험군과 대조군을 비교하였다. 결 과: 실험군과 대조군은 탈락막 내 $CD56^+$ 자연살해세포의 수 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이 ($170.1{\pm}132.1$ vs. $68.3{\pm}66.1$, p=0.02)를 보였으나 둘 간의 상관관계 (r=0.229, p=0.261)는 없었다. 또한 두 군간에 $CD16^+$ 자연살해세포는 통계적으로 유의한 차이 ($25.70{\pm}11.72$ vs. $31.17{\pm}22.67$)를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 본 연구는 말초혈액 $CD56^+$ 자연살해세포가 증가된 반복유산 환자군에서 말초혈액 자연살해세포가 증가되지 않은 군에 비하여 탈락막의 $CD56^+$ 자연살해세포가 증가되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 탈락막 자연살해세포가 반복유산의 면역학적 기전에서 중요한 역할을 할 것이라는 가능성을 제시해 주는 연구 결과이며 또한 말초혈액 자연살해세포의 측정이 반복유산 환자에서 다음 번 유산을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 지표임을 알 수 있다.