• Title/Summary/Keyword: CD7

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Heavy metals in mussels in the Korea Coastal Waters (韓國海岸 眞珠담치의 重金屬含量)

  • Lee, Soo Hyung;Lee Kwang Woo
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 1984
  • Heavy metal contents in soft tissues of mussels, Mytilus edulis, of Imweon, Banweol, Bay and Yeosu in Korea were determined during 1981∼82. The heavy metal measured were Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe. Depuration of mussel samples in clean seawater was needed adequate in the lowest levels of the complete excretion of gut contents. The 48hr depuration was adequate in the present study. Of the four study areas, Imweon showed the highest Pb, Mn and Fe contents. In Jinhae Bay, St. 9 showed the greatest Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe contents, whereas the highest levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were recorded at Sts. 7, 4 and 2, respectively. The concentrations of metals, except Cu, in mussels decreased with the growth of shell size.

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Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils of Jeju Island, Korea (제주도 토양 중 중금속의 화학적 형태)

  • Hyun, Sung-Su;Kim, Se-Ra;Lee, Min-Gyu;Kam, Sang-Kyu
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.847-858
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    • 2017
  • For 26 soil series distributed more than 1% among 63 soil series in Jeju Island, natural uncultivated soil samples were collected. For these soils, the chemical speciation of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) was examined. Further, the Plant Bioavailability (PB) and Mobility Factor (MF) of these heavy metals were evaluated using Tessier's 5-step sequential extraction method (exchangeable, carbonate, reducible (bound to Fe/Mn oxides), oxidizable (bound to organic matter), and residual fraction). The main form present was residual fraction for Cd and Zn; residual and oxidizable fractions for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb; reducible fraction for Mn; and carbonate fraction for V. The average plant availability and average mobility factor were found to be V (57.37%) > Zn (12.49%) > Cd (11.76%) > Cu (11.19%) > Pb (9.37%) > Cr (9.09%) > Mn (3.13%) > Ni (2.63%), and Mn (61.04%) > V (59.94%) > Zn (31.54%) > Cd (17.65%) > Cr (15.66%) > Ni (13.89%) > Pb (13.80%) > Cu (13.53%), respectively.

A study on the removal of mixed heavy metal ions using crab shell (게 껍질을 이용한 수중의 복합 중금속 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Seog
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.11 no.7
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    • pp.729-735
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    • 2002
  • In order to examine the inhibition effect of other heavy metal ions on the removal of heavy metal ions by crab shell in aqueous solution, 10 heavy metal ions $(Cr^{3+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Mn^{2+],\;Fe^{2+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Pb^{2+})$ were used as single heavy metal ions and mixed heavy metal ions, respectively. In single heavy metal ions, $Pb^{2+},\;Cr^{3+},\;Cu^{2+}$ were well removed by crab shell, however, $Cd^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ were not. The heavy metal removal increased as the increase of covalent index (Xm$^2$r), and the relationship classified heavy metal ions as 2 heavy metal groups $(Fe^{3+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\; Cr^{3+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}\;group\;and\;Pb^{2+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}\;group)$. In mixed heavy metal ions, the removals of $Fe^{2+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Pb^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ as 0.49 m㏖/g, regardless of the existence of other heavy metal ions, were similar to the result of single heavy metal ions experiment. The removals of $Mn^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Ni^{2+}$ decreased as the existence of other heavy metal ions, however, the removal of $Zn^{2+},\;Cr^{3+},\;Hg^{2+}$ increased.

Effects of GHX02 on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mouse Model

  • Yang, Won-Kyung;Lyu, Yee Ran;Kim, Seung-Hyung;Park, Yang Chun
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.126-135
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and irreversible airflow. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GHX02 in a COPD-induced mouse model. Methods: The COPD mouse model was established by exposure to cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide which were administered by intratracheal injection three times with a 7 day interval. GHX02 (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and all other drugs were orally administrated for 14 days from Day 7 to Day 21. Results: GHX02 significantly decreased the neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD69^+$, and $CD11b^+/GR1^+$ cells in BALF and lung cells. GHX02 also suppressed the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-17A, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) in BALF and ameliorated the lung pathological changes. Conclusions: Thus, GHX02 effectively inhibited airway inflammation by inhibiting migration of inflammatory cells and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, GHX02 may be a promising therapeutic agent for COPD.

20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol, a ginsenoside derivative, boosts innate immune responses of monocytes and macrophages

  • Kim, Mi-Yeon;Cho, Jae Youl
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2013
  • 20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol (2H-PPD) is a derivative of protopanaxadiol, a glycone of ginsenosides prepared from Panax ginseng. Although ginsenosides and acidic polysaccharides are known to be major active ingredients in ginseng, the immunopharmacological activities of their metabolites and derivatives have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory action of 2H-PPD on the function of monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. 2H-PPD was able to boost the phagocytic uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in macrophages and enhance the generation of radicals (reactive oxygen species) in sodium nitroprusside-treated RAW264.7 cells. The surface levels of the costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 were also increased during 2H-PPD treatment. In addition, this compound boosted U937 cell-cell aggregation induced by CD29 and CD43 antibodies, but not by cell-extracellular matrix (fibronectin) adhesion. Similarly, the surface levels of CD29 and CD43 were increased by 2H-PPD exposure. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that 2H-PPD has the pharmacological capability to upregulate the functional role of macrophages/monocytes in innate immunity.

Center Compensation Servo and Eccentric Compensation Control for High Speed CD-RW Drive System (고배속 CD-RW Drive를 위한 중점 서보 및 편심 보상 제어)

  • Kim Dongwon;Park Gwi-Tae;Seo Sam-Jun
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.1202-1209
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents a design methodology of a Digital Servo Signal Processor for high speed CD-RW drive systems. The proposed Digital Servo Signal Processor enables us to develop CD-related systems for the very high speed applications and is one of the key components of the CD-RW systems. The proposed center compensation servo control is newly built for an actuator shaking due to the fast response of a step motor when it jumps to a long distance. A control method compensating for eccentricity of a disc is implemented for operating robustly at a higher rotational speed. This servo mechanism is more size efficient and less power consumed because it is implemented using a ARM7 embedded processor and hardware digital filters. Furthermore, it is convenient to upgrade firmware for the future required functions. From experimental results, we can see that the performance of the control system is improved greatly. The proposed servo algorithm shows a shorter setting time including a pull-in time and a faster access time. It can be applied easily to the DVD-ROM and the DVD-RAM which have the same optical structure.

Light Scattering Amplification on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Assembled by Hollyhock-shaped CdS-TiO2 Composites

  • Lee, Ga-Young;Lee, Hu-Ryul;Um, Myeong-Heon;Kang, Mi-Sook
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.3043-3047
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    • 2012
  • To investigate the scattering layer effect of a $TiO_2$ multilayer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we designed a new DSSC system, assembled with a CdS-$TiO_2$ scattering layer electrode. A high-magnification SEM image exhibited hollyhock-like particles with a width of 1.5-2.0 ${\mu}m$ that were aggregated into 10-nm clumps in a hexagonal petal shape. The efficiency was higher in the DSSC assembled with a CdS-$TiO_2$ scattering layer than in the DSSC assembled with $TiO_2$-only layers, due to the decreased resistance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) was increased by approximately 7.26% and the open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) by 2.44% over the 1.0 wt % CdS-$TiO_2$ composite scattering layer and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the maximum peak was also enhanced by about 5.0%, compared to the DSSC assembled without the CdS-$TiO_2$scattering layer.

A Study on Dependent Characteristic between The Organic Deposition Rate and The Performance in Organic Light Emitting Device

  • Kim, Mun-Su;Choe, Byeong-Deok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.150.2-150.2
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    • 2015
  • In this study, we analyzed the electric and optical characteristics by using various deposition rate ($0.5{\AA}$, $1.0{\AA}$ and $1.5{\AA}/s$) in order to enhance the performance in organic light-emitting devices (OLED). The organic multi-layer structures were deposited with NPB ($500{\AA}$ as hole transport layer), Alq3 ($600{\AA}$ as electron transport layer and emission layer) and LiF ($8{\AA}$ as electron injection layer) via SUNIC PLUS200 on Glass/ITO substrates. In this experiment, we examined the relationship between porous state of organic deposition and mobility of the organic materials. Among the three deposition rates, $0.5{\AA}/s$ achieved the highest performance of (10,786cd/m2, 4.387cd/A) comparing with that of $1{\AA}/s$ (7,779cd/m2, 3.281cd/A) and $1.5{\AA}/s$ (5,167cd/m2, 2.693cd/A). We confirmed that low deposition rate helps to arrange organic materials densely and to move easily another atomic location using inter-chain transporting by orbital overlap.

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Dietary intake and body burden of cadmium and lead among Korean college students (일부 대학생들의 카드뮴과 납 섭취량 및 체내부하)

  • Moon, Chan-Seok;Paik, Jong Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the dietary intake and blood concentrations for examination of exposure levels and exposure characteristics of Cd and Pb via food among college students aged 20 years living in Busan area. Methods: Food duplicate per a day and venous blood samples were accepted from healthy man and women college students. The samples were analyzed with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Dietary intake of Cd and Pb in the participants were $17.5{\mu}g\;Cd/day$, $21.7{\mu}g\;Pb/day$. Blood concentrations were $2.01{\mu}g\;Cd/L$, $4.32{\mu}g\;Pb/dL$, respectively. Conclusions: Smoking and drinking habits might be high influential factors in 20 years college students. Dietary intake of Cd and Pb, however, from food group of seaweed, or fish and shellfish in 20 years college students were lower than that in any other age group.