• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.247-249
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• 2010

Foxp3 is a transcript factor for regulatory T cell development. Interestingly, Foxp3-expressing cells were identified in B cells, especially in CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells, while those were not examined in CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells. Foxp3-expressing CD5(+) B cells in this study were identified in human PBMCs and were found to consist of $8.5{\pm}3.5%$ of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells. CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) B cells showed spontaneous apoptosis. Rare CD19(+)CD5(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory B cell (Breg) population was unveiled in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suggested as possible regulatory B cells (Breg) as regulatory T cells (Treg). The immunologic and the clinical relevant of Breg needs to be further investigated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2219-2224
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• 2012

Background: Circulating lymphocyte subsets reflect the immunological status and might therefore be a prognostic indicator in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating lymphocyte subset in gastric cancer (GC) cases. Methods: A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 846 GC patients hospitalized at Hospital from Aug 2006 to Jul 2010 was conducted. We calculated the patient's disease free survival (DFS) after first hospital admission, and hazard ratios (HR) from the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Our findings indicated a significantly decreased percentage of CD3+, and CD8+ cells, a significantly increased proportion of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD44^+$, $CD25^+$, NK cells, and an increased $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in GC patients as compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Alteration of lymphocyte subsets was positively correlated with sex, age, smoking, tumor stage and distant metastasis of GC patients (all P<0.05). Follow-up analysis indicated significantly higher DFS for patients with high circulating $CD19^+$ lymphocytes compared to those with low $CD19^+$ lymphocytes (P=0.037), with $CD19^+$ showing an important cutoff of $7.91{\pm}2.98%$ Conclusion: Circulating lymphocyte subsets in GC patients are significantly changed, and elevated CD19+ cells may predict a favorable survival.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2007

고려홍삼이 HIV-1 감염자에게서 바이러스의 활발한 증식으로 유발된 면역계의 과활성화를 장기간에 걸쳐 억제하는지 살펴보기 위해 면역 활성화 지표인 soluble CD8항원(sCD8)을 측정하였다. HIV-1 감염 대조군 49명, zidovudine (ZDV) 복용군 22명, KRG 복용군 48명, KRG와 ZDV 병용군(49명)을 대상으로 하였다. HIV-1 감염 대조군에서는 혈청 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 33% 증가하였으며(P < 0.05), sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 $21{\pm}13$개월동안 54% 증가하였다(P < 0.001). ZDV 복용군에서는 혈청 sCD8농도가 초기 6개월 동안은 감소하였으나 그 이후로는 서서히 증가하였으며, sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 증가하였다. KRG 복용군은 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 45% 감소하였으며(P < 0.01), sCD8/CD8+T 림프구 비도 $19\;{\pm}\;11$개월 동안 19% 감소하였다(P < 0.05). 병용군에서는 sCD8 농도가 31-48개월 동안 29%(P < 0.01) 감소하였다. 추적관찰 기간 동안 각 군간의 sCD8 농도 변화가 명확한 차이를 보였으며, KRG 복용군에서는 ZDV 복용군에서 관찰된 'rebound현상'(sCD8이 초기에 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 경향)이 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 HIV-1 감염환자에서 KRG를 장기간 복용시켰을 경우 sCD8 농도가 지속적으로 감소하여, KRG가 면역계의 소모적인 과활성화 상태를 방지함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.292-311
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• 2017

Purpose: Beyond the limited scope of non-specific polyclonal regulatory T cell (Treg)-based immunotherapy, which depends largely on serendipity, the present study explored a target Treg subset appropriate for the delivery of a novel epitope spreader Pep19 antigen as part of a sophisticated form of immunotherapy with defined antigen specificity that induces immune tolerance. Methods: Human polyclonal $CD4^+CD25^+CD127^{lo-}$ Tregs (127-Tregs) and $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+CD25^+CD45RA^+$ Tregs (45RA-Tregs) were isolated and were stimulated with target peptide 19 (Pep19)-pulsed dendritic cells in a tolerogenic milieu followed by ex vivo expansion. Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and rapamycin were added to selectively exclude the outgrowth of contaminating effector T cells (Teffs). The following parameters were investigated in the expanded antigen-specific Tregs: the distinct expression of the immunosuppressive Treg marker Foxp3, epigenetic stability (demethylation in the Treg-specific demethylated region), the suppression of Teffs, expression of the homing receptors CD62L/CCR7, and CD95L-mediated apoptosis. The expanded Tregs were adoptively transferred into an $NOD/scid/IL-2R{\gamma}^{-/-}$ mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. Results: Epitope-spreader Pep19 targeting by 45RA-Tregs led to an outstanding in vitro suppressive T cell fate characterized by robust ex vivo expansion, the salient expression of Foxp3, high epigenetic stability, enhanced T cell suppression, modest expression of CD62L/CCR7, and higher resistance to CD95L-mediated apoptosis. After adoptive transfer, the distinct fate of these T cells demonstrated a potent in vivo immunotherapeutic capability, as indicated by the complete elimination of footpad swelling, prolonged survival, minimal histopathological changes, and preferential localization of $CD4^+CD25^+$ Tregs at the articular joints in a mechanistic and orchestrated way. Conclusions: We propose human $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+CD25^+CD45RA^+$ Tregs and the epitope spreader Pep19 as cellular and molecular targets for a novel antigen-specific Treg-based vaccination against collagen-induced arthritis.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2002

2001년 1-12월 서울시 가락농수산물시장에서 총 951건의 수산물(어류 34종 468건, 패류 17종 373건, 갑각류 10종 39건 그리고 두족류 등 11종 71건)을 대상으로 중금속 함량[average(minimum∼maximum), Unit:mg/kg]을 분석한 결과, Hg 0.025(N.D.∼0.19), Cd 0.288(N.D.∼l.85), Pb 0.227(ND∼l.68)이었다. Hg의 경우, 패류[0.033(N.D.∼0.19)]>두족류 등[0.026N.D.∼0.11)]>갑각류[0.026(N.D.∼0.09)]>어류[0.018(N.D.∼0.19)]순이었고, 가장 높은 함량은 미꾸라지 (0.19)와 꼬막(0.19)이었으며, Pb의 경우 패류[0.223(N.D.∼1.38)]>어류[0.213(N.D.∼1.68)]>두족류 등 [0.151(N.D.∼0.39)]>갑각류[0.144(N.D.∼0.44)]순이었고, 가장 높은 함량은 미꾸라지 (1.68)>빙어(1.44)>바지락(1.38)>뱀장어(1.35) 순이었다. 한편, Cd의 경우 패류[0.288(N.D.∼1.85)] 중 가장 높은 함량은 꼬막(1.85)이었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Some of endocrine disruptors with sexual hormone-like effects have been increasingly reported to be immunotoxic in many species in recent several years. Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Prenatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) has been reported to impair the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract in rat. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of DBP was investigated in the developing immune system of fetal and neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were given to the doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$ body weight /day by gavage once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18. On GD19 or GD22/postnatal day one (PD1), the dams were euthanized, and the changes in organ weights and thymus phenotypes were examined for their offsprings. At 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day in maternal exposure group, GD19 fetuses showed decreases in body weight. The spleen/body weight ratios were reduced in GD 19 fetuses from the dams exposed to 500 and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day. There were no significant changes in thymus and spleen cellularities though these cellularities showed a tendency to decrease in a dose dependent way. In the DBP-exsposed GD22/PD1 offsprings, the body weights, the relative organ weights and the cellularities did not exhibit alteration. Additionally, the percentages of CD3$^{+}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) and CD3$^{-}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) thymocyte subsets were not changed in any DBP-treated group. The proliferative responses of splenic T cells to Con A and B cells to LPS were decreased in all DBP-exposed GD22/PD1 offsprings.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.305-305
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• 2006

The molecular structure and dynamics of inclusion compounds (ICs) consisting of n-perfluoroalkane (PFA) guests and ${\Box}-cyclodextrin$ (${\Box}-CD$) host were investigated using $^{19}F$ magic angle spinning (MAS) and $^{1}H{\to}^{19}F$ cross polarization (CP) / MAS NMR spectroscopy with the aid of thermal analyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and $^{1}H{\to}^{19}F$ CP/MAS technique revealed that $C_{9}F_{20}$ molecules included in ${\Box}-CD$ undergo vigorous molecular motion and partly come out of the ${\Box}-CD$ channel above $80^{\circ}C$. In case of $C_{20}F_{42}/{\Box}-CD$, an exothermic peak is observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at ca. $40^{\circ}C$ which suggests that ${\Box}-CD$ molecules become mobile and commence rearrangements that form more ordered structures at higher temperatures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Eucomiae Cortex herbal-acupuncture solution(EC-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II. Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of IFN-y,$IFN-{\gamma}$/IL -4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$+ cell, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$/cells, $CD11a^+/CD19^+$/cells, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells. Results & Conclusion : 1. In the EC-HA, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In EC-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$/lL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In the histological study, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the EC-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the EC-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the EC-HA, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were decreased in synovium. These results suggest that EC-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, and to be put to practical use in the future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Mori Ramulus herbal-acupuncture solution(MR-HAS) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II at Joksamni(ST36). Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$ ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell, CD4+ to CD8+ cell, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD11a+/CD19+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-l+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells. Results : 1. In the MR-HA, the incidence of arthritis and the arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In MR-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the MR-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the MR-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the MR-HA, the expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell and CD4+ to CD8+ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and CD69+/CD3e+ cells and CD11a+/CD19+ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells were decreased in synovium. Conclusion : These results suggest that MR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as prophylaxis is important to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1299-1301
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• 1998