• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to clarify whether tectorigenin and tectoridin isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) inhibit hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-intoxication in rats by the experimental methods in vitro and in vivo. Tectorigenin and tectoridin exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication in rats, as well as in a lipid peroxidation causing a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) production by thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactant assay. Both compounds also showed strong increase in the antioxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggested that tectorigenin and tectoridin isolated from the rhizomes of B. chinensis possess not only the antioxidative, but also the hepatoprotective activities in $CCl_4$ -intoxicated rats.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2007

This study was performed to establish the recovery effect of So Si Ho Tang on hepatic injury in dogs. Clinically healthy eight dogs (1-3 yrs old, 3-5 kg) were divided into control group (n=3) and experimental group (50 mg/kg, n=5). Hepatic injury was induced by administration of $CCl_4$ in all groups. Control group was received no treatment after hepatic injury and experimental group was orally administered with So Si Ho Tang at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The change of serum ALT and AST activities was examined before hepatic injury and on day 0, day 5 and day 12 after administration of So Si Ho Tang. Histopathologic examinations were performed on day 12. As a result, significant changes in serum ALT were found on day 5(p<0.05) and day 12(p<0.05), compared with those of control group, respectively. In addition, significant change in serum AST was found on day 1 (p<0.05) and day 5 (p<0.05), compared with those of control group, respectively. In histopathologic examination, mild hemorrhage and fatty degeneration and vacuolization were observed in experimental group in contrast to those of control group. Accordingly, it was suggested that administration of So Si Ho Tang was effective for hepatic injury induced by $CCl_4$ in dogs.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Gardenia jasminoides is one of the most widely used herbal preparations for the treatment of liver disorders. This study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of G. jasminoides in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$ (10 ${\mu}l$/kg). They received G. jasminoides (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before and 6 h after administering $CCl_4$. The serum activities of aminotransferase and the hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher 24 h after the $CCl_4$ treatment, while the concentration of reduced glutathione was lower. These changes were attenuated by G. jasminoides. $CCl_4$ increased the level of circulating tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) markedly, which was reduced by G. jasminoides. The levels of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were markedly higher after the $CCl_4$ treatment. G. jasminoides diminished these alterations. $CCl_4$ increased the level of TNF-$\alpha$, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions, and these increases were attenuated by G. jasminoides. These results suggest that G. jasminoides alleviates $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, and this protection is likely due to the reduced oxidative stress and the downregulation of proinflammatory mediators.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.22-38
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and anticirrhotic effects of Ganyeumilhobang(GIE) on the acute and chronic liver injury induced by various agents. Chronic liver injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) ; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. Acute liver njury induced by carbon tetrachloride$(CCl_4)$ and D-galactosamine ; a experimental model for acute liver injury, the administration of $CCl_4$ and the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury by the three prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, ALT, prothrombin time and hydroxyproline. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume induced by DMN in mice was decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 2. The degree of histological fibrosis and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration induced by $CCl_4$ decreased by the oral administration of GIB. 3. The increase of senun AST and ALT of mice with acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ and D-galactosamine was inhibited by the administration of GIB. 4. The prolongation of prothrombin time(seconds) of mice acute liver damage induced by $CCl_4$ was shortened by the oral administration of GIB. 5. The liver of mice was hepatectomized partial1y after the oral administration of GIB. The mitotic index(% of nuclei), weight of liver, contents of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis of the liver tissue were increased by the oral administration of GIB.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권2호통권133호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2003

This study was done to investigate the protective effect of Alnus japonica Steude on hepatotoxicity in carbon let-rachloride $(CCl_4)$ intoxicated rats. Alnus japonica Steud was extracted with methanol and fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Rats were treated with those orally once a day for 6 days. The activities of aminotransferase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltranspeptidase$ and contents of cholesterol, TG and hepatic lipid peroxide in butanol fraction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats but the content of glutathione was significantly increased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. Also activities of hepatic superoside dismutase, catalase, glutathione perpxidase in butanol fraction pretreated rats were signigicantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats. These result indicated that butanol fraction of Alnus japonica Steude showed hepatoprotective effect in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2007

The present study was performed to clarify the recovery effect of polyacetylene constituents from Acanthopanax senticosus ethanol extracts on $CCl_4$-induced acute hepatic injury in dogs. Sixteen clinically healthy dogs were divided into the control group (six dogs), and experimental group I (three dogs), II (three dogs) and III (four dogs). Acute hepatic injury was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg $CCl_4$ solution ($CCl_4$ : olive oil = 1 : 1) after sterilization. The control group was orally administered with 10 ml of corn oil, and experimental groups I, II and III were orally administered with extracts of A. senticosus at the dose of 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg in 10 ml corn oil for seven consecutive days at 24 h after $CCl_4$ injection. We assessed changes occurring in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities on the pre, day 0, day 1, day 2, day 3, day 5 and day 7, together with the histopathological findings. In experimental group I, the significant changes in serum ALT activities were found on day 5 (p<0.05) and day 7 (p<0.05), compared with those in the control group. However, significant differences were not found in the changes of serum AST and GGT activities. In experimental group II, significant changes were found on day 2 (p<0.05), day 3(p<0.05), day 5 (p<0.05) and day 7 (p<0.05) in serum ALT activities, on day 1 (p<0.05) in serum AST, and on day 2 (p<0.05) and day 3 (p<0.05) in serum GGr activities, respectively. In experimental group III, the changes in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities were not significant. In the histopathological evaluation, experimental group I and II showed much improvement, while experimental group III became worse when compared with the control group. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that low dose (below 10 mg/kg) administration of polyacetylene constituents from A. senticosus ethanol extracts was effective for recovery of acute hepatic injury induced by $CCl_4$ in dogs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2000

Objective : To investigate the effects of Artemisiae Capillaris Fructus on liver injury induced $CCl_4$. Method : Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in $CCl_4$,-treated rats caused changes in the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities in the serum. Result : The Methanol extract of the Artemisiae Capillaris Fructus was found to protect the rats against such changes significantly. Protective activities were shown to be present in ether-soluble and buthanol-soluble fractions prepared from the above methanol extract. Conclusion : we have examined the detoxyfying effect, one of several medicinal effects of Artemisiae Capillaris Fructus. on liver disorder experimentally induced by $CCl_4$. as an animal model of liver disorder.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1996

To evaluate hepatoprotective effects of G009, an hepatoprotective agent which was extracted from the mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum IY009, we were, studied using $CCl_4$-and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The ratio of liver weight to body weight, the value of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities, the change of a lipids in serum, and the inhibitory activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in serum and liver homogenate were determined in rats. G009 was not significantly changed of the ratio of liver weight to body weight and the content of lipids in serum, but reduced the serum GOT and GPT values in $CCl_4$-and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Especially, protective effect of G009 on rat hepatic injuries induced by galactosamine was significantly appeared. $CCl_4$ increased markedly the formation of lipid peroxides in the liver homogenate, and serum. The increase of lipid peroxides by $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was markedly reduced by the treatment with G009. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of G009 may be correlated with its anti-lipid peroxidative activity, therefore, it may be potential agent for hepatic disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.406-412
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae), against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatic injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 h after $CCl_4$ (20 ${\mu}l/kg$) injection. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher after $CCl_4$ treatment, and these increases were attenuated by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. $CCl_4$ markedly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level, which was reduced by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and their mRNA expression levels were significantly increased after $CCl_4$ injection. The levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were augmented by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, while isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases in iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression levels. $CCl_4$ increased the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside reduced these increases. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), activating protein-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were significantly increased after $CCl_4$ administration. Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases of NF-${\kappa}B$ and c-Jun nuclear translocation, while it augmented the nuclear level of Nrf2. These results suggest that isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside ameliorates $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing the inflammatory signaling pathways.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.827-833
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• 1999

In this study, we have investigated the effect of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate (DDB), a synthetic analogue of Schizandrin C isolated from Schizandrae Fructus on cytochrome $P_450$ lAl and 2Bl, and the protective mechanism against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in rat liver. After DDB was administered into male rats for different periods of time (1~7 days) and with different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), mRNA levels of CYPlAl were measured by polymearse chain reaction (PCR) and assayed the activities of CYPlAl specific ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and CYP2Bl specific benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD). DDB treatment resulted in increase in CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity, whereas there was no change in CYPlAl mRNA level and EROD activity. This effect of DDB was time-and dose-dependent and reached maximal level by 3 day and 200 mg/kg treatment. In addition, rats were pre-treated with DDB at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg daily for 4 days, 3-hr after final treatment on the 4th day, $CCl_4$ 0.3ml/kg was intraperitonially injected into the rats to examine the effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatic injury. Serum levels of ALT and AST were determined and histopathological examination was done in rat liver. Furthermore, we have measured hepatic microsomal malondialdehyde(MDA) level, a parameter of lipid peroxidation. Based on serum ALT level and lipid peroxidation, pretreatment of DDB, 50 mg/kg appeared the most protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ heapatotoxity. These results indicate that DDB stimulates CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity in time and dose dependent manner and suggest that protective effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity may be mediated through free radical scavenging.