• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2004

A total of 62 isolates of Bipolaris cactivora causing cactus stem rots were isolated from major cactus-growing areas in Korea. Colony morphology of the isolates on potato-dextrose agar was differentiated into aerial (CA) and non-aerial mycelial types (CB). CA had profound aerial mycelium with grayish brown (CA-l), light brownish (CA-2), and brownish (CA-3) pigmentations; respectively, while CB had dark brownish pigmentations. CA had conidia of less dark pigmentation and acute terminal end. CB had darker and more round-end conidia. Twenty-eight amplified fragments were produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a set of 2 random primers. The sizes of amplified DNA fragments ranged approximately from 0.1 to 2.3 kb. The isolates were classified into 2 major genomic DNA random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) groups at the genomic similarity of 97.7％ and 95.1％, respectively. Cluster analysis of genetic similarity among the isolates generated a dendrogram that clearly separated all isolates into SA or SB. This result suggests that there may be two morphotypes of B. cactivora in Korea that may differ in their genetic constitutes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2011

A study was conducted to determine the relationships between triacylglycerol (TAG) of plasma, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and fat deposition in two different breeds of chickens. The VLDL apolipoproteins of both breeds were also characterised. The breeds used were crossbred village chicken (AK) (Sasso crossed) and commercial broiler (CB) (Avian). They were housed in six pens with 30 female and 30 male birds of each breed per pen. Three male and three female birds from each pen were slaughtered and the blood was collected. The VLDL was isolated and sub-fractionated using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). VLDL TAG of CB was significantly lower than AK. The particle size was negatively correlated with VLDL TAG and positively correlated with abdominal fat. Sub-fraction 2 contained more apo E that will enhance the lipolysis process of the VLDL TAG than subfraction 1. CB had a higher proportion of sub-fraction 2 than AK. The results showed that the proportion of sub-fraction 2 was negatively correlated with VLDL TAG concentration and positively correlated with abdominal fat.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the inhibitory effect of β-glucan on epithelial inflammation induced by atopic dermatitis through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) activity. Methods Six-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into a control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis elicitation group (ADE), and a β-glucan-treated group (β-glucan treatment after atopy dermatitis elicitation, β-GT). After 3 weeks, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed to confirm the regulation of ECS activity, and filaggrin in the stratum corneum and Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 in the stratum corneum and protease activated receptor (PAR)-2 were observed to confirm the inhibition of the inflammation, Phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and E-Cadherin were observed to confirm microenvironmental regulation. Results β-GT was significantly increased in CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive reactions compared to that of the ADE. In positive reaction of the filaggrin in the stratum corneum, β-GT was significantly increased than that of the ADE. For KLK7 positive and PAR2 positive, β-GT was significantly reduced compared to the ADE. The p-ERK-positive and p-mTOR-positive reactions were significantly reduced in β-GT than in ADE. E-cadherin positive reaction was significantly increased in β-GT than in ADE (All p < 0.01). Conclusions It was confirmed that β-glucan has the effect of inhibiting the epithelium induced by atopic dermatitis through the ECS activity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2011

The effects of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites as functions of extension ratio (${\lambda}$), multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) content, and carbon black (CB) content are investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis shows that the degree of crystallinity increases with the increase in the CB and CNT content. As ${\lambda}$ increases, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites increases, and the latent heat of crystallization (LHc) of the composites is maximum at ${\lambda}$=1.5. It is found that the mechanical properties have a linear relation with LHc, depending on the CNT content. According to the TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), the weight loss of the composite matrix is 94.3% and the weight of the composites decreases with the filler content. The ratio of tensile modulus ($E_{comp}/E_{matrix}$) is higher than that of tensile strength (${\sigma}_{comp}/{\sigma}_{matrix}$) because of the CNT orientation inside the elastomeric composites.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.118-127
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods 6-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis induced group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (PEAT), and Scutellaria baicalensis extract administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (SBT). Seven animals were assigned for each group. After drug administration for 3 weeks after inducing atopic dermatitis, Claudin and 8-OHdG were observed to confirm the recovery of the skin damage in each group. To confirm ECS regulation, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, Fc ε receptor, and MMP-9 was observed. Results Claudin positive reaction was significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. 8-OHdG positive reaction was significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive responses were significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Fc ε receptor and MMP-9 positivity were significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Scutellaria baicalensis extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Sabaek-san extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods In this study, we used 6-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 4 group: control group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (LBEG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAG), and Sabaek-san extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (SBSG). Each group was assigned 10 animals. After drug administration of three weeks duration following lipid barrier elimination, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD (Cluster of Differentiation) 68, phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B (p-IκB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Fc ε receptor, substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity. Results We found that 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OXdG) positive reaction was significantly lower in the SBST group than in LBET and PEAT groups. Both CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the SBST group than in the LBET and PEAT. CD68, p-IκB, iNOS, Fc ε receptor, Substance P and serotonin showed lower positive reaction in the SBST compared to the LBET and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Sabaek-san extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2022

It is very important to secure the adhesion durability between the base film and the conductive paste for the development of a sensor for detecting hazardous chemicals. In this study, an ester binder was used to improve the adhesive properties which can be a problem when applying the sensor to the cross cut 0B or 1B grade. This problem was found while evaluating the adhesive properties by coating the polyaniline/graphene nano plate (GNP) paste on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. When 10 wt% or more of the ester-based binder was added, the cross cut grade to which the sensor can be applied was 3B or higher. It was confirmed that the excessive addition of the binder may affect the electrical properties of the conductive paste and actually decrease the reactivity to sulfuric acid. To improve the electrical property, a carbon black (CB) content was varied resulting in the optimum electrical property observed at 2 wt% of CB.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the effect of Baekho-tang extract on epidermal barrier recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocanabinoid system (ECS) regulation. Methods In this study, we used 4-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into 4 group: lipid barrier elimination group (LBEG), palmitoylethanolamide treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAT), Baekho-tang extract treatment group after lipid barrier elimination (BHTT) and control group (Ctrl). Each group was assigned 10 animals. We identified that cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD (Cluster of Differentiation) 68, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), substance P and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) through our immunohistochemistry. Results We discovered that when compared to PEAT, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress in the epidermal barrier, and CB1 and CB2, markers of ECS modulation, were less activated in BHTT. These results led to an anti-inflammatory response in BHTT, with a significant decrease in several inflammatory mediators such as CD 68, iNOS, substance P and MMP-9 compared to PEAT and LBEG. Conclusions These results suggest that the Baekho-tang extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS modulation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of immature compost on the amount of nutrient content, heavy metal concentration, and application rate that were used for lettuce cultivation. The characteristics of the two composts (Compost A (CA) was immature compost and Compost B (CB) was mature compost) were evaluated upon mixing with commercial soil at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w). The poor chemical characteristics were appeared by use of immature compost as soil amendment; the 50% and 75% rates were weakly acidic at pH 5.39 and 5.50, respectively. The total carbon content at using of 75% of the immature compost and mature compost increased the most to 14.5 and 6.5% and it significantly increased concentrations of the total nitrogen and phosphorus compared to control. As for 75% mature compost rate increased significantly the concentrations of Cu ($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), Zn ($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), Pb ($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$) and, Cd ($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$) compared to control, and the highest As concentration increased significantly at 75% and 50% (6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$) including in 25% immature compost as $6.48mg\;kg^{-1}$. However, all of the high compost rates significantly decreased the shoot biomass of lettuce. The immature compost was potentially amended at an application rate of 25% due to a slight salinity and low risk to heavy metal uptake on lettuce growth. This use may be available if the rate is lower than that used in this trial.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Penman-Monteith (PM) equation is one of the most widely used equations for predicting evapotranspiration (ET) of crops. The ET rate and the base crop coefficients ($K_{cb}$) of the two different grape vines (i.e., Campbell Early and Kyoho) cultivated in Suwon were calculated by using the FAO PM equation. The ET rate of Campbell Early was $2.41\;mm\;day^{-1}$ and that of Kyoho was $2.22\;mm\;day^{-1}$ in August when the leaf area index was 2.2. During this period, the $K_{cb}$ of Campbell Early based on the FAO PM equation was on average 0.49 with the maximum value of 0.72. On the other hand, the $K_{cb}$ of Kyoho was averaged to be 0.45 with the maximum value of 0.64. The seasonal leaf area index for two grape cultivars was measured as 0.15 in April, 0.5 in May, 1.4 in June, 2.2 in July-September, and 1.5 in October. The $K_{cb}$ of Campbell Early showed a seasonal variation, changing from 0.03 in April to 0.11 in May, 0.31 in June, 0.49 in July-September, and 0.33 in October. The magnitudes and the seasonality of $K_{cb}$ of Kyoho were similar to those of Campbell Early.