• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.546-555
• /
• 1999

Objectives : To determine the prevalence, pattern. and out-of-pocket expenditure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) utilization in Korean adult population. Methods : We conducted a representative telephone survey of 2,042 persons aged 18 or older. Data about any health problem, details of their use of medical doctors(MDs) offices/hospitals/pharmacies services and CAM during the preceding 12 months were collected with structured questionnaire. Results : The utilization rate of CAM among Korean adults was 29% in one year. A total of 231 kinds of CAM was identified from this survey. Annual out-of-pocket expenditure associated with CAM use in 1998 amounted to ${\xi}{\S}1.88$ billion and was comparable to 40.8% of out-of-pocket expenditure paid for MDs offices/hospitals/pharmacies services. Among those(N=424) who paid for both MDs offices/hospitals/pharmacies services an d CAM, 35.8% paid more for CAM. CAM gave more satisfaction than western medicine to those who had experience of both types of therapy. About half of CAM users were willing to recommend CAM to others. Disclosure rate to physician among CAM users was not high(40.6%). Conclusion : CAM became a popular source of health care in Korea, Korean spent a substantial amount of out-of-pocket money on CAM without any public control. Because CAM use is likely to be increased rapidly through lay referral system, health policy makers and health professionals should pay more attention to CAM for making appropriate utilization of CAM.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.188-198
• /
• 2018

목적: 최근 디지털 기술의 발달과 더불어 치과영역에서도 다양한 보철물 제작을 위해 Computer aided design/computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) 시스템의 사용이 확대되고 있다. CAD/CAM 시스템은 전통적인 방식의 보철물 제작의 단점을 극복하여, 치과의사와 치기공사가 보철물을 제작할 때, 환자에게 한 두 번의 병원 방문으로도 정확하고 정밀도 높은 보철물의 제공이 가능하게 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 현재 국내의 CAD/CAM 시스템 현황 및 인식을 파악함으로써 새로 장비를 도입할 때 고려해야 할 항목에 대한 조언을 제공하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 설문 조사는 서울대학교 치과 병원을 포함한 전국 298 명의 치과의사, 치과위생사 및 치과기공사를 대상으로 2016년 11월부터 12월까지 2 개월간 우편을 통해 실시하였다. 결과: 치과용 CAD/CAM 밀링기 구매 시 가장 고려하는 요인은 밀링기의 성능(64.43%)이었으며 용도는 치과보철물 제작과 임플란트용 맞춤형 지대주 제작이 49.33%로 가장 높았다. 또한, 응답자의 약 60% 이상이 CAD/CAM 밀링기가 만족할 만한 성능으로 개선된다면 새로운 장비의 구매에 대해 긍정적인 답변을 보였다. 결론: 설문조사 분석결과, 성능이 개선된 CAD/CAM 밀링기 디지털화 및 4차 산업혁명을 대비하는 치과산업에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.23.1-23.6
• /
• 2015

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practice is still popular among the Malaysian population nowadays although western or allopathic medicine is the first line of treatment. Dissatisfaction with health services and therapeutic effects of western medicine or preference for holistic, integrative approach in treatment are common reasons favouring the increasing popularity of CAM practices. The efforts toward integration of CAM and western medicine in Malaysia were rather slow and in a piece-meal fashion. Strategic efforts in strengthening government and self-regulation among practitioners, formalizing education, promoting research, and cultivating national and international networks are necessary to achieve an integrative system. Regulations to restrict the practice and sale of CAM products to licensed practitioners, strict and mandatory registration of the practitioners, inclusion of CAM in essential medicines list, and pricing regulations must be comprehensively discussed. Development of curriculum, offers of scholarship and incentives, promotion of courses and seminars for professionals is necessary to increase the numbers of CAM experts. Malaysia should follow the efforts of other countries on the production and documentation of local CAM data, allocation of funding, and establishment of research centres to assess the efficacy of potentially useful local products. Local and international collaboration in research and continuous education is important for exchange of knowledge and skills. In conclusion more coordinated efforts in regulation of CAM practice and products, formalizing CAM training and education would significantly move the process forward and allow the public to enjoy more health benefits from CAM practice in Malaysia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 웹카메라(WebCam)을 이용한 멀티미디어 보안시스템을 설계하고 이를 구현하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 최근 여러 분야에서 WebCam을 응용하여 다양하고 편리한 기능의 시스템을 구현하고, 이를 웹의 편리한 기능에 접목시켜 구조적이고 향상된 성능을 실현하고 있다. 멀티미디어 동영상은 고도의 자료압축 방식과 통신회선 속도의 향상 및 인터넷을 통한 다양한 서비스가 가능해지면서 기존의 보안시스템에 대한 성능향상을 목적으로 크게 변모하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 보안시스템의 설계방식은 개방된 인터넷을 이용한 통신망 환경에서 보안시스템이 달성하고자 하는 목적을 위하여 웹의 활용성을 충분히 보여줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 다양한 웹 서비스를 활용함으로써 기존의 것보다 뛰어난 응용성을 보장하는 형태이다. 실시간 멀티미디어 동영상 및 음성의 전송을 통한 현실감 있는 모니터링은 물론 다양한 방식으로 변환되는 정보 서비스와 멀티미디어 자료저장 및 추출을 통한 비실시간 감시 및 보안을 모두 실현할 수 있는 구조와 실현 시스템을 제시하는 것이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 2016

목적: Biomet 3i 시스템과 Astra 시스템의 내측 연결형 임플란트 고정체에 국내에서 제작된 맞춤형 CAD-CAM 지대주를 체결하여 구성 성분 간의 적합성과 나사의 안정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 24개 3i 임플란트 중 12개의 임플란트에 기성 지대주를 연결하고, 나머지 임플란트에는 맞춤형 CAD-CAM 지대주를 연결하여 각각 Group 1과 Group 2로 분류하였다. 동일 개수와 동일한 방법으로 Astra 임플란트를 각각 Group 3와 Group 4로 분류하였다. 각각의 고정체에 지대주를 장착하여 각 계면 사이의 적합성을 micro-CT로 관찰하고 초기 풀림 토크를 측정한 후 평가하였다. 결과: 고정체-지대주의 접촉길이는 Group 1과 Group 2 사이 뿐만 아니라 Group 3와 Group 4 사이에도 유의한 차이가 없었다(Mann-Whitney test, P>.05). 하지만, 지대주와 나사의 계면 및 고정체와 나사의 계면에서 Group 2와 Group 4가 Group 1와 Group 3에 비해 각기 더 큰 접촉양상을 보여주었다(Mann-Whitney test, P<.05). 또한, Group 2와 Group 4가 Group 1과 Group 3에 비해 각기 더 낮은 나사의 초기 풀림 토크를 기록하였다(Student t-test, P<.05). 결론: CAD-CAM지대주는 임상에 적용할 만한 적합성을 지니고 있으나, 광범위한 임상 적용을 위해서는 풀림 토크가 향상되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of zirconia copings in terms of clinical verified for the clinical application of CAD/CAM. Methods: Zirconia copings (n=5) were prepared using CAD/CAM system and were sintered using the relevant electrical induction furnace, which uses a 2h sintering program with a maximum temperature of $1500^{\circ}C$. The copings placed at the models and the interval values were measured. Results: The meas interval values between the die and the zirconia copings were $44.14{\mu}m$(A), $44.57{\mu}m$(B), $44.72{\mu}m$(C). 51.05 ${\mu}m$(D). Conclusion: The maximum interval values between the die and the zirconia copings were $51.3{\mu}m$ which is acceptable for clinical use. ${\mu}m$ Proper understanding of the test conditions will help enhancing the accuracy of zirconia coping.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.118-125
• /
• 2003

As consumer's desire becomes various, agility of mold manufacturing is the most important factor for competitive mold manufacturer. Decision making process is required to produce optimal result of CAM systems in using commercial CAM system to generate tool path. The paper proposes a methodology fur computer-assisted tool selection procedures for various cutting type of rough, semi-rough and finish cuts. The procedure provides assistance for machining tool selection by analyzing sliced CAD model section of die cavity and core. Information about machining time for the generated NC-code is used to aid the tool selection. The module is developed with commercial CAM API. This module will be used fur the optimization of tool selection and planning process.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2002

As consumer electronics, information, and aero-space industry grow, the demand for aspheric lens increases higher. To enhance the precision and productivity of aspheric surface, a CAM system for ultra-precision aspheric surface needs to be realized. In this study, the developed CAM system can generate NC code fur various aspheric surfaces fast and precisely by a new bi-arc interpolation method that the location of maximum error is fixed at an efficient point. The newly developed bi-arc meets the given tolerance more precisely, performs faster calculation. The cutting condition input module and the NC code verification module are adequate to ultra-precision machining, so that a operator can obtain products fast and easily.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.534-537
• /
• 1996

As consumer electronics, information, and aero-space industry grow, the demand for aspheric lens increases higher. To enhance the precision and productivity of aspheric surface, a CAM system for ultra-precision aspheric surface needs to be realized. In this study, the developed CAM system can generate NC code for various aspheric surfaces fast and precisely by Tri-arc interpolation method that the location of maximum error is fixed. The cutting condition input module and the NC code verification module are adequate to ultra-precision machining, so that a operator can obtain products fast and easily.

• 스마트미디어저널
• /
• 제12권9호
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2023

Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a task of localizing an object in an image using only image-level labels. Previous studies have followed the conventional class activation mapping (CAM) pipeline. However, we reveal the current CAM approach suffers from problems which cause original CAM could not capture the complete defects features. This work utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) pretrained on image-level labels to generate class activation maps in a multi-scale manner to highlight discriminative regions. Additionally, a vision transformer (ViT) pretrained was treated to produce multi-head attention maps as an auxiliary detector. By integrating the CNN-based CAMs and attention maps, our approach localizes defective regions without requiring bounding box or pixel-level supervision during training. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of apple images with only image-level labels of defect categories. Experiments demonstrate our proposed method aligns with several Object Detection models performance, hold a promise for improving localization.