• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

This paper presents a scheme for experimentally analyzing bounce, roll and pitch frequencies of major systems of a large truck using a multi-axial road simulator. The excitation input (amplitude and frequency range) fur a frequency response test with the multi-axial road simulator is selected in order that bounce, roll and pitch modes are not coupled each other, the excitation amplitude can be reproduced in a specified excitation frequency range, and tires do not lose contact with posters. Three accelerometers, one gyroscope and four displacement meters are used in the frequency response test using the multi-axial road simulator. The reliability of the presented bounce mode frequency response test scheme is validated by comparing the result from a test using the multi-axial road simulator with the result from a road driving test. The road driving test is performed with velocities of 20km/h and 30km/h, and in an unladen state. The vertical accelerations at the cab and the front axle are measured in the road driving test. The roll and pitch mode frequency response tests are also performed with the presented frequency response test scheme. Roll and pitch frequencies of major systems of a large truck that are hard to acquire from a road driving test are analyzed as well as bounce frequency.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.124-133
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• 1998

This paper describes a research work of developing a computer-aided design of blanking and piercing for irregular-shaped sheet metal products. An approach to the development of compact and practical CAB system is based on the knowledge-based rules. Knowledge for the CAD system is formulated from plasticity theories, experimental results and the empirical knowledge of field experts. The system has been written in AutoLISP on the AutoCAD with a personal computer. Based on knowledge-based rules, the system, STRT-DES, is designed by considering several factors, such as complexities of blank geometry and punch profile, availability of press equipment and standard parts, utilization ratio which minimizes the scrap in a single or a pairwise operation, bridge width, grain orientation and design requirements which maximize the strength of the part when subsequent bending is involved. This system checks a forming feasibility with both internal and external features, a dimension of blanked hole, and a corner and a fillet radius for irregualrly shaped sheet metal products. Therefore this system can carry out a die design for each process which is obtained from results of an automated blank layout drawing with a best utilization ratio for irregular shape of product that was successful in production feasibility check module and those of an automated strip layout drawing and generate part drawings and the assembly drawing of die set in graphic forms.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2018

Brachypodium distachyon has been developed as a monocot model plant for temperate grasses and bioenergy crops. Although B. distachyon research is moving forward rapidly, the study of photoresponses has not been explored. To extend our knowledge of responses to light in monocots, we performed photoresponse analysis of B. distachyon using two inbred lines, Bd21 and Bd21-3. In this study, we first compared growing phenotypes between the two lines and investigated coleoptile and primary leaf growths under dark, far-red, red, and white light conditions. The results showed that the growth of the two lines were similar until tillering stage, but other developmental stages from heading to senescence were much delayed in Bd21-3, which resulted in increased height and tiller numbers. Under different light conditions, primary leaf lengths were kept increasing during the growth period, whereas the coleoptile extension was inhibited 4 to 7 days after growth depending on the light conditions applied. These results suggest that the responses to light in B. distachyon can be examined by measuring coleoptile lengths approximately 7 days after seedling growth. Moreover, we selected light-responsive genes known in Arabidopsis thaliana, such as chlorophyll A/B binding protein (CAB), light-harvesting chlorophyll binding protein (Lhcb) and chalcone synthase (CHS), and confirmed their light-induced gene expression in B. distachyon. Therefore, the present study suggests that the inhibition of coleoptile growth can be used as the parameter to analyze photoresponses in the monocot model plant, and also provide the reference genes whose expression is induced by far-red and red light treatment.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.500-503
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• 2010

지금까지 궤도회로는 레일을 전기회로의 일부로 사용하여 열차의 위치 검지용으로만 사용하였으나 철도차량이 고속화 되면서, 지상신호의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 차상신호시스템의 사용이 일반화 되어가고 있다. 궤도회로의 전원은 직류나 고전압 임펄스를 사용하던 방식에서 가청주파수를 사용하는 고주파 교류궤도회로의 사용이 일반화 되고 있다. 철도도상도 환경과 궤도의 유지보수성 개선을 위하여 철근콘크리트 도상의 사용이 증대되고 있다. 철근 콘크리트 도상에서 고주파 교류궤도회로를 사용할 경우 도상의 내구성 향상을 위하여 사용되는 수많은 격자모양의 철근들로 인하여 전기적 절연에 의한 누설전류가 아닌 자기결합에 의한 손실로 인한 궤도정수의 변화를 초래할 수 있다. 본 논문은 철근콘크리트도상에서 AF(Audio Frequency)궤도회로를 사용하였을 경우 도상 철근에 의한 궤도회로신호의 영향과 손실을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 알아보고 이를 방지할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권11호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

휴대용 전자 시스템에 대한 deep submicron VLSI의 출현에 따라 기존의 면적과 성능(지연시간)외에 전력량 감축을 위한 새로운 방식의 CAD 알고리즘이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문은 논리합성시 기술매핑 단계에서의 전력량 감소를 목적으로 한 논리 게이트 분할(gate decomposition)을 통한 재합성 알고리즘을 소개한다. 기존의 저전력을 위한 논리분할 방식은 Huffman 부호화 방식을 이용하였으나 Huffman code는 variable length를 가지고 있으며 logic depth (회로지연시간)와 글리치에 영향을 미치게 된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 임계경로상에 있지 않은 부회로에 대한 스위칭 동작량을 줄임으로써 logic depth (즉 속도)를 유지하면서 다양한 재구성된 트리를 제공하여 스위칭 동작량을 줄임으로써 전력량을 감축시키는 새로운 게이트분할 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 zero 게이트 지연시간을 갖는 AND 트리에 대하여 스위칭 동작량이 최소화된 2진 분할 트리를 제공한다. SIS (논리합성기)와 Level-Map (lower power LUT-based FPGA technology mapper)과 비교하여 각각 58%와 8%의 전력 감축효과를 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.935-943
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• 2012

철도차량에서 있어서 충돌 시 철도차량의 전두부가 운전자 및 승객의 공간을 침투하는 위험성을 항상 내포하고 있다. 이러한 위험성을 줄이기 위해서, 철도차량의 충돌에 관한 연구들이 전세계적으로 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 2010 년에 미국연방법규인 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)은 단부 구조물 (end frame)의 구성요소인 충돌 기둥 및 모서리 기둥에 대한 압괴조건을 추가하여 개정되었다. 본 연구에서는 충돌 기둥에 대해서 CFR 법규에 명시된 조건에 대해서 압괴해석 및 압괴시험을 수행하였고, 법규에서 근본적으로 고려한 충돌체와의 충돌해석을 수행하여 그 결과들을 비교하였다. 이를 통하여, 단부 구조물의 압괴특성과 충돌특성을 파악하고 해석의 신뢰성을 검토하여 다양한 단부 구조물의 개발에 있어서 압괴해석의 유용성을 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.873-881
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• 2000

Recent research reported health risks associate with high carbohydrates diets. Objectives of this study were to evaluate in a cross-sectional study if high carbohydrate diet is associated with coronary heart disease(CHD) risk factors: examined blood concnetration of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure(BP), body mas index(BMI), wasit-hip ratio(WHR) and waist-stature ratio(WSR). Using the most recent US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(IIINHANES III) data, the nationally representative US population (3772 men, 4095 women of 25-64 years of age) was divided into low vs. high carbohydrate diet groups(below 40% vs. above 60% energy intake from cab carbohydrates) and compared by the CHD risk factors. Triglyceride was higher(p<0.001) in the high carbohydrate group, whereas high density-lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was lower(p<0.01) in the high carbohydrate diet group. In plasma glucose, there was no significant differences between high carbohydrate diet and low carbohydrate diet. In adiposity(BMI, WHR and WSR), it also showed no significant differences, After adjustment for age, ethnicity, alcohol and smoking in upper 60%-carbohydrate diet, Odds Ratio of TG and HDL-C were 1.42 and 1.23 in men and 1.22 and 1.17 in women. 50-60% carbohydrate diet was associated with decreased risk of CHD. Dietary guidelines for Koreans recommend 60-70% of total energy from carbohydrate, as Koreans traditionally consumed high carbohydrate diets. In a cross-sectional population of adults, diets containing 55-60% energy from carbohydrate were suggested as a dietary guideline of carbohydrate intake for Koreans. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 873-881, 2000)

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2005

본 연구는 Conjugate Gradient법을 적용하여 개발한 관측교통량기반 기종점 OD행렬 추정모형이 대규모 가로망에서도 적용 가능성이 있는지를 판단하기 위하여 246개죤 기준 전국 가로망에 적용하여 적용성 및 활용가능성을 판단해 보았다. 대규모 가로망에서 모형의 일치성을 분석한 결과, 모형의 상위수준과 하위수준이 내부적으로 유기적인 관계를 유지하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 관측링크 개수에 따라 모형의 추정력을 분석한 결과 교통량 오차는 허용오차 범위내에서 추정력을 확보하는 것으로 나z타났다. 또한 추정 기종점 OD행렬의 추정력 역시 기존의 모형을 이용한 결과치보다는 양호한 추정력을 보이고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 더 많은 다양한 실험을 하여 개발된 모형의 알고리즘의 안정성이 확보된다면 대규모 가로망에서도 적용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

Background: Significant technological development and changes happened in the tractor industries. Contrariwise, the test procedures of the major standard development organizations (SDO's) remained unchanged or with a little modification over the years, demanding new tractor test standards or improvement of existing ones for tractor performance, safety, and comfort. Purpose: This study focuses on reviewing the research trends regarding performance, safety and comfort evaluation of agricultural tractors. Based on this review, few recommendations were proposed to revise or improve the current test standards. Review: Tractor power take-off power test using the DC electric dynamometer reduced human error in the testing process and increased the accuracy of the test results. GPS signals were used to determine acceleration and converted into torque. High capacity double extended octagonal ring dynamometer has been designed to measure drawbar forces. Numerical optimization methodology has been used to design three-point hitch. Numerous technologies, driving strategies, and transmission characteristics are being considered for reducing emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Engine emission control technology standards need to be revised to meet the exhaust regulations for agricultural tractors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program has been used to design Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS). Program and methodology has been presented for testing tractor brake systems. Whole-body vibration emission levels have been found to be very dependent upon the nature of field operation performed, and the test track techniques required development/adaptation to improve their suitability during standardized assessment. Emphasizes should be given to improve visibility and thermal environment inside the cab for tractor operator. Tractors need to be evaluated under electromagnetic compatibility test conditions due to large growing of electronic devices. Research trends reviewed in this paper can be considered for possible revision or improvement of tractor performance, safety, and comfort test standards.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제7권
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• pp.47-51
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• 1995

입체 이성질체를 합성하는 방법으로 최근에 알려진 입체선택성 촉매를 이용한 유기반응을 연구 하기 위하여 비천연 아미노산인 인돌린-2- 카르본산으로 부터카르본산그룹의 환원,2차아민기의 보호화,메실화,아지도치환,환원에 의한 아민기로의 전환, 술폰화, 보호기제거등의 총 5단계의 합성과정을 거쳐 목적하는 술폰아미드를 합성하였다. 각 생성물은 관 크로마토그래피에 의하여 분리 정제후 핵자기공명스펙트럼($^1H,^13C $ NMR) 적외선 스펙트럼 등에 의하여 구조를 확인 하였다.