• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.805-810
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• 2000

An antifungal protein antagonistic to the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae was purified from Paenibacillus macerans PM-1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Q Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography and Superose 12 gen filtration. An apparent molecular mass of the purified antifungal protein was determined as 8 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 9 kDa by analytical gel filtration, respectively, suggesting that the purified protein is a monomer. The antifungal protein was stable at pH range from 7-12 and up to $100^{\circ}C$. The protein was also stable at 0.1-1% Tween 20 and Triton X-100. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the antifungal protein was Thr-Glu-Leu-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Met-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Thr-Asp-Ala-Phe-Lys-Phe-Asp-Met-Phe. Comparison of the determined sequence with other peptide and DNA sequences did not reveal homology at all. Therefore, the purified antifungal protein was speculated to be a novel protein. The condidial germination in vitro of P. oryzae KJ301:93-39 by the purified protein ($5.9{\mu} g/ml$) was limited to $9{\pm}3.2%$ only, compared with $69{\pm}2.4%$ of the control. Ungerminated conidia were swollen at basa and mid cell by the purified protein. In vivo bioassay for inhibition of conidial germination of P. oryzae KJ 301, one of the most predominating racesin Korea. the purified protein ($5.9{\mu} g/ml$)strongly inhibited the conidial germination. The conidia, even though germinated, could not develop any further to produce appressoria efficiently.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.858-864
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and mechanism of the fraction IV cold ethanol fractionation and pasteurization ($60^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for 10h) steps, involved in the manufacture of albumin from human plasma, in the removal and/or inactivation of blood-born viruses. A variety of experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including the Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Bovine herpes virus (BHV), Murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Porcine parvovirus (PPV), were selected for this study. Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with the viruses, and the amount of virus in each fraction was then quantified using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose ($TCID_{50}$). The mechanism of reduction for the enveloped viruses (BHV and BVDV) during fraction IV fractionation was inactivation rather than partitioning, however, it was partitioning in the case of the non-enveloped viruses (EMCV and PPV). The log reduction factors achieved during fraction IV fractionation were ${\geq}6.9$ BHV, $\geq5.2$ for BBDV, 4.9 for EMC, and 4.0 for PPV. Pasteurization was found to be a robust and effective step in inactivating the enveloped viruses as well as EMCV. The log reduction factors achieved during pasteurization were $\geq7.0$ for BHV, $\geq6.1$ for BVDV, $\geq6.3$ for EMCV, and 1.7 for PPV. These results indicate that the production process for albumin has sufficient virus-reducing capacity to achieve a high margin for virus safety.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

In this study, the control efficiency of odorous compounds was measured from diverse control process units of 14 individual companies located within the Ban-Wall industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea (January to July 2005), To quantify the control efficiency levels of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from both the front and rear side of 17 control process units ($N=17{\times}2=34$). If the control efficiency is compared for each of 32 compounds between different process units, wet scrubber (WS) was found to be the most effective unit in terms of the sum of pollutants showing the positive control signals. Although the WS system shows generally a good control pattern for VOC, it is not the case for most index odorous pollutants; only 3 out of 12 index compounds were found to show positive control efficiencies. The results of the study also indicated that the control efficiency differ greatly between different industrial sectors and/or control process types. In the case of leather industry, carbonyl compounds were found to exhibit the highest control efficiency with its values varying from 19 to 90%. On the other hand, in the case of metal production sector, VOC recorded the maximum control efficiency with values varying from 18 to 79%. According to this study, most air pollution control facilities operated in most companies show fairly poor control efficiencies for most malodor compounds. Hence, to obtain best control efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, acquisition of better information on source characteristics and establishment of effective control technologies are highly demanding.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

To investigate viral pathogenesis and in vivo efficacy of acyclovir (ACV) in mouse HSV-1 encephalitis models, female BALB/c mice aged 5 weeks were inoculated with strain F either intranasally (IN) or intracerebrally (IC). ACV-treatment by intraperitomeal injection with 0, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg b.i.d. for 6 days was commenced 1 h after infection. Body weight and signs of clinical disease were noted daily up to 2 weeks. $ED_{50}$ of ACV in IN infection was <5 mg/kg and 14.1 mg/kg in IC infection. Tissues of central nervous system were collected from 2 mice per group everyday up to 5 day p.i. and the virus titers were measured. In IN infection model, high titers in eyes and trigeminal nerves were observed. ACV-treatment showed significant reduction of the titers in all the isolated. In IC infection model, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem showed high virus titers. ACV-treatment showed less significant reduction of virus titers than that in IN infection model. Reactivation of explanted trigeminal nerves from mice 30 day p.i. was monitored. In all of ACV treated mice reactivation was observed, i.e. even the highest dose of ACV did not inhibit the establishment of viral latency.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2005

The objective of the present investigation was to study pharmacokinetics of promethazine in Korean healthy subjects using a validated HPLC method. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Capcell Pak CN column with a mixture of acetonitrile-0.02M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, pH 6.0) and the analyte was quantified with UV detection at 251 nm. The calibration curve of the drug was linear over the range of 1-40ng/mL in human serum and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ng/mL. This analytical method was validated and shown to be specific, accurate, precise and reproducible. This method was applied to pharmacokinetic study of promethazine in Korean healthy volunteers following an oral administration of two 25 mg Himazin tablets (50 mg promethazine ${\cdot}$HCI) after overnight fasting. Serum samples were collected at given intervals over a 36-hour period (12 points) and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from serum concentration-time profile using WinNonlin program. The estimated $AUC_{0__\infty}$, $AUC_{0_\infty}$, $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ of promethazine obtained from Korean healthy subjects were 103.84 ${\pm}$84.30 ng${\cdot}$hr/mL, 87.94${\pm}$81.02 ng${\cdot}$hr/mL, 13.43${\pm}$10.92 ng/mL, 2.00${\pm}$1.16 hr and 5.88${\pm}$3.47 hr, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.152-158
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• 2005

This study was carried out to understand the physiological properties and the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process on blood glucose of the mice induced with streptozotocin. Original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process were used. The physiochemical properties of original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process were compared. Furthermore, the effects of original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were observed in terms of blood glucose, BUN, ALT in the mice induced with streptozotocin. The results were as follows : The range of the pH manufactured by three different production processes was $2.28{\sim}3.17$ Concentration of methanol and phenolic compounds which are related to toxicity were lowest in filtered Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(L-BCL [E] B) manufactured by using electric furnace at $215{\circ}C$ during 8.10/hour. The blood glucose contents was decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control. The amount of BUN and ALT did not show any differences between control and experimental group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2013

Costunolide ($C_{15}H_{20}O_2$) is a sesquiterpene lactone that was isolated from many herbal medicines and it has diverse effects (anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory) according to previous reports. However, the anti-cancer effects of Costunolide and its mechanism of actions are not well known in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. In this study, we observed that costunolide suppresses cell growth in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells as shown by MTT assay and soft agar colony formation assay. To examine the mechanism by which costunolide inhibits MCF-7 cell growth, we performed FACS analysis. We found that costunolide induced G2/M and S cell cycle arrest, and regulated cycle-related protein expression. In addition, costunolide inhibited ERK signaling pathway and induced autophagy. Therefore, costunolide might be a good and useful chemotherapy agent for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2015

Allium hookeri (Liliaceae), native to India is widely cultivated in Korea lately as a medicinal plant. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and lifespan extending effects of the root of A. hookeri. Methanol extract from the root of A. hookeri was successively partitioned as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and H₂O soluble fractions. Antioxidant effects of the fractions were measured by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide quenching activities. Lifespan extending effects of the fractions were investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. In addition, stress resistant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also studied. Furthermore, we had investigated aging-related factors such as reproduction, food intake, growth and movement of C. elegans to find any sample-induced significant change. Our results revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the root of A. hookeri showed the most potent antioxidant and lifespan extending effects, and this fraction elevated the most potent SOD and catalase activities of worms, and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2015

Recently, many studies have focused on the aging and oxidative stress. Several papers reported that Vigna angularis has various biological properties including antiaging, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Methanol extract from the red bean sprouts was successively partitioned as n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and H₂O soluble fractions. We had studied lifespan extending and stress resistant effects of the fractions using Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also investigated. Moreover, we had studied to find any significant change in aging-related factors such as reproduction, food intake, growth and movement of C. elegans. Our results represent that ethyl acetate fraction showed the most potent lifespan extending and stress resistant effects, and this fraction was able to elevate SOD and catalase activities of worms, and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2009

The very low density apolipoprotein-II (apoVLDL-II) gene is closely related with the constitution of the lipoprotein in various tissues. The apoVLDL-II gene have main functions for reducing fat elements from tissues and muscles. Previous results indicated that the polymorphisms in apoVLDL-II gene were positively related with growth and body composition traits in chicken. In this study, we analyzed previously identified apoVLDL-II gene polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method and investigated allele and genotype frequencies in three chicken breeds. Data indicated that Korean native chicken and Korean Oge chicken have similar B and F gene frequencies, indicating that this marker can be used for the improvement of growth and body composition traits in those breeds and can be used as marker assisted selection with further verifications.