• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

Purpose: Protein tyrosine kinase(PTK), protein kinase C(PKC), oxidase, as a mediator, have been known to take a role in signal transduction pathway of angiogenesis. The authors confirmed that PKC is the most noticeable mediator for abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells through in vitro study model using the inhibitors, targeting the formation of three co-enzymes. In this study, we would investigate which isoform of PKC play an important role in abnormal angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell. Methods: In 96 well plates, $10^4$ HUVECs(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were evenly distributed. Two groups were established; the control group without administration of DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine) and the DMH group with administration of $7.5{\times}10^{-9}M$ DMH. RNA was extracted from vascular endothelial cell of each group and expression of the PKC isoform was analyzed by RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) method. Results: RT-PCR analysis showed that $PKC{\alpha}$, $-{\beta}I$, $-{\beta}II$, $-{\eta}$, $-{\mu}$ and $-{\iota}$ were expressed in vascular endothelial cells of each group. DMH incresed the expression of $PKC{\alpha}$ and $PKC{\mu}$, and decreased $PKC{\beta}I$, $PKC{\beta}II$ expression dominantly. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, it was suggested that $PKC{\alpha}$ and $PKC{\mu}$ may have significant role in abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cell.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2914-2920
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• 2013

In this paper, we prepared the samples with the heat-treated substrate by means of co-evaporation method. The samples prepared with heat-treated substrate of $500^{\circ}C$showed the vacancy on the surface, and it could be prevented by Se ambient condition. The samples prepared with variable heat-treated substrates such as $430^{\circ}C$, $460^{\circ}C$, $480^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ showed the increase of grain resulted to the increase of the density. Based on the XRD analysis, the heat treatment could remove the Cu2Se phase of the samples, but it didn't affect the absorption index of the samples. We, therefore, conclude the absorption index is not affected by heat treatment and is controlled by the thickness of the sample.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1998

Inhibitory effect of indole oligomers induced from indole-3-carbinol(I3C) on the growth of breast cancer cells was studied. We gernerated the reaction mixtures (RXM) at ambient temperature by treating a stirred aqueous solution of I3C (typeically 0.25ml) at a concentration of 12 $\mu$mol/ml) with hydrochloric acid (typically 28$\mu$l of a 1 mmol/ml solution). RXM was fractionated by the column chromatography. The fractions with similar UV-pattern were further fractionated by HPLC and 3.3'-diindoylmethane (DIM) and other indole oligomers were identified. I3C, RXM, and it derived indole compounds were added to MCF-7 cells and cultured in the presence of 10-7M estradiol for 7 days. the growth-inhibitory effect of I3C and DIM on the growth of MCF-7 cell was very strong. The synthetic DIM also revealed antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cel. The fractions containing high DIM content (77%), were most effective in inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth induced by estradiol. With these results, we suggest that I3C and DIM might have anticarcinogenic effect on the breast cancer.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1600-1604
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• 2018

This paper reports on a systematic and quantitative assessment of light induced degradation (LID) and regeneration in full Al-BSF and passivated emitter rear contact cells (PERC) along with the fundamental understanding of the difference between the two. After LID, PERC cells showed a much greater loss in cell efficiency than full Al-BSF cells (~0.9% vs ~0.6%) because the degradation in bulk lifetime also erodes the benefit of superior BSRV in PERC cells. Three main regeneration conditions involving the combination of heat and light ($75^{\circ}C/1\;Sun/48h$, $130^{\circ}C/2\;Suns/1.5h$ and $200^{\circ}C/3\;Suns/30s$) were implemented to eliminate LID loss due to BO defects. Low temperature/long time ($75^{\circ}C/48h$) and high temperature/short time ($200^{\circ}C/30s$) regeneration process was unable to reach 100% stabilization. The intermediate temperature/time ($130^{\circ}C/1.5h$) generation achieved nearly full recovery and stabilization (over 99%) for both full Al-BSF and PERC cells. We discussed the effect of temperature, time and suns in regeneration mechanism for two cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5069-5074
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between methylation status of the Dact1 gene and MTHFR a1298c polymorphic forms in transitional cell carcinoma tissues in a Chinese population. Methods: Polymorphisms of folate metabolism enzyme gene MTHFR were assessed by restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and PCR-based DNA methylation analysis was used to determine the CpG island methylation status of the Dact1 gene. Associations between the methylation status of the Dact1 gene and clinical characteristics, as well as MTHFR a1298c polymorphisms, were analyzed. Results: aberrant methylation of the Dact1 gene was found in 68.3% of cancer tissues and 12.4% of normal tissues,. The methylation rate of the Dact1 gene in cancer tissues was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (46.3% vs. 17.2%, P = 0.018). No association was found between aberrant DNA methylation and selected factors including sex, age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and green tea consumption. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, variant allele of MTHFR a1298c was found to be associated with methylation of the Dact1 gene. Compared with wild type CC, the odds ratio was 4.33 (95% CI: 1.06-10.59) for AC and 4.95 (95% CI: 1.18-12.74) for AA. The N stage in TNM staging and the occurrence of lymph node metastasis were associated with an MTHFR 1298 AA+AC genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion: MTHFR 1298 AC and AA genotypes might help maintain a normal methylation status of the Dact1 gene, aberrant CpG island methylation of which is closely related to the genesis and progression of transitional cell carcinoma.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2001

Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding the control process of the cell division cycle. To investigate the influence of toxic substances on the cell cycle, the effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) and mitomycine C (MMC) on synchronized HeLa cells was analyzed during the cell cycle. To synchronize the HeLa cells, 10$^{6}$ cells were grown for 1 day and then treated with 1 mM hydroxyurea for 14 h. The arrested cells were then allowed to proceed through their cell cycle by removing the hydroxyurea and resupplying a fresh medium. The arrested cells in the G1/S transition then proceeded to the S phase after 4 h, the G2/M phase after 8h, and the G1 phase after 12 h, subsequent to the resupply of a fresh medium. In the untreated HeLa cells, the p34$^{cdc2}$ kinase activity, measured using a p34$^{cdc2}$ specific peptide, peaked after 8h (G2/M) and then declined after 12 h (G1). However, treatment with 30 $\mu$M BAP delayed the peak of the p34$^{cdc2}$ kinase activity. The amount of p34$^{cdc2}$ remained unchanged in the untreated, BAP-, and MMC-treated cells throughout the cell cycle. The cyclin B level peaked after 8 h in the untreated cells, yet peaked after 10-12 h in the BAP-treated cells. There was no significant change in the cyclin B level in the MMC-treated cells.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.261-263
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• 2009

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid which is usually taken intravenously for many neurosurgical diseases which cause edema including brain tumor, and trauma including spinal cord injury. Methylprednisolone reduces swelling and decreases the body's immune response. It is also used to treat many immune and allergic disorders, such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. To identify genes expressed during methylprednisolone treatment against neurons of rats (PC12 cells), DNA microarray method was used. We have isolated 2 gene groups (up- or down-regulated genes) which are methylprednisolone differentially expressed in neurons. Lipocalin 3 is the gene most significantly increased among 772 up-regulated genes (more than 2 fold over-expression) and Aristaless 3 is the gene most dramatically decreased among 959 down-regulated genes (more than 2 fold down-expression). The gene increased expression of Fgb, Thbd, Cfi, F3, Kngl, Serpinel, C3, Tnfrsf4 and Il8rb are involved stress-response gene, and Nfkbia, Casp7, Pik3rl, I11b, Unc5a, Tgfb2, Kitl and Fgf15 are strongly associated with development. Cell cycle associated genes (Mcm6, Ccnb2, Plk1, Ccnd1, E2f1, Cdc2a, Tgfa, Dusp6, Id3) and cell proliferation associated genes (Ccl2, Tnfsf13, Csf2, Kit, Pim1, Nr3c1, Chrm4, Fosl1, Spp1) are down-regulated more than 2 times by methylprednisolone treatment. Among the genes described above, 4 up-regulated genes are confirmed those expression by RT-PCR. We found that methylprednisolone is related to expression of many genes associated with stress response, development, cell cycle, and cell proliferation by DNA microarray analysis. However, We think further experimental molecular studies will be needed to figure out the exact biological function of various genes described above and the physiological change of neuronal cells by methylprednisolone. The resulting data will give the one of the good clues for understanding of methylprednisolone under molecular level in the neurons.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2015

Muscle atrophy, known as a sarcopenia, is defined as a loss of muscle mass resulting from a reduction in the muscle fiber area or density due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown. Schisandrae fructus (SF) extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baillon has been used as a tonic in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Although a great deal of work has been carried out on the therapeutic potential of SF, its pharmacological mechanisms of action in muscle diseases actions remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SF ethanol extracts on the production of muscle atrophy factors in C2C12 myotubes stimulated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator, and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. AICAR upregulated atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and stimulated the levels of the forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor in the C2C12 myotubes. SF supplementation effectively and concentration- dependently counteracted AICAR-induced muscle cell atrophy and reversed the increased expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a. Our study demonstrates that SF can reverse the muscle cell atrophy caused by AICAR through regulation of the AMPK and FoxO3a signaling pathways, followed by inhibition of MuRF-1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.541-550
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• 2003

E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) comprises a surface of viral particle together with E1 glycoprotein, and is thought to be involved in the attachment of HCV viral particle to receptor (s) on the permissible cells including hepatocytes, B cells, T cells, and monocytes. We constructed a phage library expressing cellular proteins of hepatocytes on the phage surface, which turned out to be 8.8${\times}$$10^5$ cfu of diversity and carried inserts in 95% of library. We screened both cDNA phage library and 12-mer peptide library to identify the cellular proteins binding to E2 protein. Some intracellular proteins including tensin and membrane band 4.1 which are involved in signal transduction of survival and cytoskeleton organization, were selected from cDNA phage library through several rounds of panning and screening. On the contrary, membrane proteins such as CCR7, CKR-L2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor were identified through screening of peptide library. Phages expressing peptides corresponding to those membrane proteins were bound to E2 protein specifically as determined by neutralization of binding assay. Since it is well known that HCV can infect T cells as well as hepatocytes, we examined to see if E2 protein can bind to CCR7, a member of C-protein coupled receptor family expressed on T cells, using CCR7 transfected tells. Human CCR7 cDNA was cloned into pcDNA3.1(-) vector and transfected into human embryonic kidney cell, 293T, and expressed on the surface of the cell as shown by flow cytometer. Binding assay of E2 protein using CCR7 transfected cells indicated that E2 protein bound to CCR7 by dose-dependent mode, giving rise to the possibility that CCR7 might be a putative cellular receptor for HCV.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 1969

By spectrophotometric assay method, the following enzymes could be detected in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chlorella pyrenoidosa cell-free extracts: Hexokinase; Glucose-6-phosphate, 6-Phosphogluconate and Triosephosphate dehydrogenase; Transketolase; Phosphogluco and Ribosephosphate isomerase; Phosphoglucomutase; Phosphofructokinase; Fructosediphosphate aldorase and Ribulosephosphate 3-epimerase. Such enzymes are in accordance with the proposed pathway of glucose catabolism by D. tertiolecta as well as C. pyrenoidosa. Also, it could be estimated, under the presence of NADP, that pentose phosphate pathway were more active than glycolytic pathway in D. tertiolecta cell-free systems.