• 대한수학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1431-1443
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• 2016

Let k be a global field of characteristic unequal to two. Let $C:y^2=f(x)$ be a nonsingular projective curve over k, where f(x) is a quartic polynomial over k with nonzero discriminant, and K = k(C) be the function field of C. For each prime spot p on k, let ${\hat{k}}_p$ denote the corresponding completion of k and ${\hat{k}}_p(C)$ the function field of $C{\times}_k{\hat{k}}_p$. Consider the map $$h:Br(K){\rightarrow}{\prod\limits_{\mathfrak{p}}}Br({\hat{k}}_p(C))$$, where p ranges over all the prime spots of k. In this paper, we explicitly describe all the constant classes (coming from Br(k)) lying in the kernel of the map h, which is an obstruction to the Hasse principle for the Brauer groups of the curve. The kernel of h can be expressed in terms of quaternion algebras with their prime spots. We also provide specific examples over ${\mathbb{Q}}$, the rationals, for this kernel.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2016

InP/InGaP quantum structures (QSs) grown on GaAs substrates by a migration-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy method were studied as a function of growth temperature (T) using photoluminescence (PL) and emission-wavelength-dependent time-resolved PL (TRPL). The growth T were varied from $440^{\circ}C$ to $520^{\circ}C$ for the formation of InP/InGaP QSs. As growth T increases from $440^{\circ}C$ to $520^{\circ}C$, the PL peak position is blue-shifted, the PL intensity increases except for the sample grown at $520^{\circ}C$, and the PL decay becomes fast at 10 K. Emission-wavelength-dependent TRPL results of all QS samples show that the decay times at 10 K are slightly changed, exhibiting the longest time around at the PL peak, while at high T, the decay times increase rapidly with increasing wavelength, indicating carrier relaxation from smaller QSs to larger QSs via wetting layer/barrier. InP/InGaP QS sample grown at $460^{\circ}C$ shows the strongest PL intensity at 300 K and the longest decay time at 10 K, signifying the optimum growth T of $460^{\circ}C$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2018

Anti-cancer drug resistance is a major problem in colorectal cancer (CRC) research. Although several studies have revealed the mechanism of cancer drug resistance, molecular targets for chemotherapeutic combinations remain elusive. To address this issue, we focused on the expression of cellular prion protein ($PrP^C$) in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. In 5-FU-resistant CRC cells, $PrP^C$ expression is significantly increased, compared with that in normal CRC cells. In the presence of 5-FU, $PrP^C$ increased CRC cell survival and proliferation by maintaining the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclin E, CDK2, cyclin D1, and CDK4. In addition, $PrP^C$ inhibited the activation of the stress-associated proteins p38, JNK, and p53. Moreover, after treatment of 5-FU-resistant CRC cells with 5-FU, silencing of $PrP^C$ triggered apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3. These results indicate that $PrP^C$ plays a key role in CRC drug resistance. The novel strategy of combining chemotherapy with $PrP^C$ targeting may yield efficacious treatments of colorectal cancer.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.618-625
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• 1993

25$^{\circ}C$의 50%(v/v) 메탄올-물의 혼합용액 속에서 pH 변화에 따른 X-치환된 N-(benzoyl)-C-(N-methylanilino)imidoylchloride(s)들의 가수분해 반응속도상수를 측정하여 반응속도식, 치환기효과, 용매효과, 염효과, 열역학적 활성화 파라미터 및 가수분해반응 생성물 분석 등의 결과로부터 pH 3.0~10.0까지의 사이에서는 azocarbonium ion 중간체를 지나는 $S_N$1형 반응, pH 3.0 이하의 pH 10.0 이상의 pH에서는 사면체 중간체를 지나는 친핵성 첨가-제거반응(A$d_{N-E}$)이 일어남을 제안하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2003

$Al-SiC_{p}$ composite layer was prepared by plasma thermal spray on aluminum substrate. The homogeneously dispersed composite powder for thermal spray was fabricated by mechanical alloying with ball mill. The friction tests of the composite layers and commercial aluminum alloys for comparison were performed in the temperature range of 20∼$260^{\circ}C$ with the interval of $40^{\circ}C$ with steel counter-face. Friction coefficient was recorded during test sequence, and the microstructure of surface and debris was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscope. Friction coefficients of composite and aluminum alloys at room temperature were similar except pure aluminum. As the temperature increase, friction coefficient was increased rapidly in AC4C, AC2A. But friction coefficient of $Al-SiC_{p}$ composite was not increased so much up to $220^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the reinforcement of $SiC_{p}$ into aluminum matrix increased the stability of friction coefficient as well as wear resistance.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1995

In order to apply to analysis methods of mechanism and cross tabulation methods for the influence factors by the accident types to the object of accidents which occurred in R.C and P.C methods among the accidents in construction work sites, the latent hazards in P.C method are evaluated from the data of accidents in H Company from Jan. 1, 1993 to Dec. 31, 1993. The relationship between accident types and unsafe acts, unsafe conditions are recognized and the hazards of R.C method and P.C method are compared from the data acquired by the analysis of causes for a kind of occurrence mechanism. In conclusions, the items such as causes of accidents, accidents types, occurrence time, and the characteristics, are concentrated on one side in the P.C method, which is quite different from R.C method. Therefore the control method for the accident causes is easily established with a lot of effective advantages. The frequency and severity of accidents in P.C method are so low in comparison with R.C method.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 1997

Trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase(tC4H) is the first cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The roots of avocado seedlings were wounded and examined to determine whether the tC4H would be activated in response to wounding and/or whether tC4H activity be modulated by the application of exogenous p-coumarate. At the specified length of times, the wounded and treated roots were either frozen in liquid nitrogen or used immediately to extract microsomal proteins. The microsomal proteins were subjected to immunoblot analysis using polyclonal antibodies against CYP73 of tC4H gene. In this study, tC4H was induced in wounded roots sealed in bags within 6 hours, and in low level({TEX}$10^{-8}${/TEX}M) of p-coumarate solution within 24 hours, whereas the olution without p-coumarate and high levels of p-coumarate solution repressed tC4H induction in wounded roots. These results indicate that tC4H is induced by wounding in the root of avocado, and is inhibited by the application of exogenous p-coumarate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3745-3748
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• 2010

Pd(II) p-tolylamide Pd(2,6-$(Ph_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3$)(NH($C_6H_4Me$-p)) (1) was metathetically prepared by the reaction of Pd(2,6-$(Ph_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3$)Cl with NaNH($C_6H_4Me$-p). Treatment of 1 with carbon dioxide affords the palladium(II) carbamate Pd(2,6-$(Ph_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3$)(OC(O)NH($C_6H_4Me$-p)) (2), quantitatively. Complex 2 reacts with HX (X = Cl, OTf) to give Pd(2,6-$(Ph_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3$)X, $NH_2$(p-Tol) and $CO_2$. Reaction of the palladium(II) carbamate with MeI produced Pd(2,6-$(Ph_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3$)I along with generation of methyl N-tolylcarbamate MeOC(O)NH($C_6H_4Me$-p), exclusively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1586-1592
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• 2017

Some promoters were isolated and characterized from the genome of Leuconostoc mesenteroides SY2, an isolate from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable. Chromosomal DNA of L. mesenteroides SY2 was digested with Sau3AI and ligated with BamHI-cut pBV5030, a promoter screening vector containing a promoterless cat-86. Among E. coli transformants (TFs) resistant against Cm (chloramphenicol), 17 were able to grow in the presence of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ Cm and their inserts were sequenced. Transcription start sites were examined for three putative promoters (P04C, P25C, and P33C) by primer extension. Four putative promoters were inserted upstream of a promoterless ${\alpha}$-amylase reporter gene in $pJY15{\alpha}$. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activities of E. coli TFs containing $pJY15{\alpha}$ (control, no promoter), $pJY03{\alpha}$ ($pJY15{\alpha}$ with P03C), $pJY04{\alpha}$ (with P04C), $pJY25{\alpha}$ (with P25C), and $pJY33{\alpha}$ (with P33C) were 66.9, 78.7, 122.1, 70.8, and 99.3 U, respectively. Cells harboring $pJY04{\alpha}$ showed 1.8 times higher activity than the control. Some promoters characterized in this study might be useful for construction of food-grade expression vectors for Leuconostoc sp. and related lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 1998

김치 starter로 개량된 Leu. paramesenteroides Pw의 내산성 변이주 P-100이 획득한 증가된 내산성에 대한 생리적 성질을 규명하기 위하여 수소 이온 투과도, ATPase 활성, 해당 작용 활성, $Mg^2$$^{+}$ 해리도, 그리고 세포질막의 지방산 조성의 변화 등을 야생균주 Pw와 비교하여 측정하였다. 수소 이온 투과도의 경우 150 mM KCl에서 실험한 결과, $t_{1}$2/의 최대값은 야생균주 Pw와 변이균주 P-100에서 각각 6.4분과 7.8분였으며, 3% NaCl의 존재시는 야생균주 Pw는 5.5분, 변이균주 P-100은 6.9분이였다. 야생균주 Pw와 변이균주 P-100의 ATPase 활성 측정결과, 최고 활성은 양 균주 모두 pH 6.0에서 각각 0.5 unit/mg protein, 0.78 unit/mg protein이였다. 해당 과정 활성에 있어서는 pH 7.0을 제외한 전 측정 범위에서 변이균주 P-100이 야생균주 Pw보다 높은 값을 보였으며, 세포막의 산손상에 의한 $Mg^2$$^{+}$ 해리도는 pH 4.0에서 2시간후 야생균주 Pw가 54.5% 그리고 변이균주 P-100이 23.2%로 관찰되었다. 지방산 조성 변화의 결과, 양 균주간에 $C_{8:0}$, $C_{9:0}$, $C_{10:0}$, $C_{11:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, 그리고 $C_{19:0}$,cyclo/ 등의 지방산에서 주된 차이를 보였으며, 내산성의 지표로 간주되는 $C_{18:1}$은 야생균주 Pw와 변이균주 P-100에서 각각 2.1%, 2.4%로 거의 차이가 없었으나, $C_{19:0}$,cyclo/의 경우, 야생균주 Pw는 무검출, 변이균주 P-100에서는 2.3%로 차이를 보였다. 이러한 측정의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때, 야생균주 Pw에 비하여 변이균주 P-100이 증가된 내산성을 가졌음을 확인 할 수 있었다.있었다.있었다.있었다.다.