• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

We received 2 types flexible packaging films from two companies that laminated PET $16{\mu}m/dry$ lamination/aluminium foil $7{\mu}m/dry$ lamination/CPP $80{\mu}m$ films. For the reason of hot sealing's trouble through filling process, We separated each layer and compared thicks, film types and tested IR, DSC and sensory test. At the result, one sample's thick is different but film types is same between samples. Optimum hot-sealing conditions between two samples is $195^{\circ}C\;and\;210^{\circ}C$. The difference is $15^{\circ}C$. According to test of direct filling packaging process by four face fluid filling machine, two sample's sealing strength of hot-sealing is $4.76kg/cm2/15mm$(sample of optimum hot-sealing condition is $195^{\circ}C$) and $3.84kg/cm2/15mm(210^{\circ}C)$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.630-633
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• 2008

Geothermal heat pump systems use the earth as a heat source in heating mode and a heat sink in cooling mode. These systems can be used for heating or cooling systems in farm facilities such as greenhouses for protected horticulture, cattle sheds, mushroom house and etc. A horizontal type means that a geothermal heat exchanger is laid in the trench buried in 1.2 to 1.8 m depth. Because a horizontal type has advantages of low installation, operation and maintenance costs compared to a vertical type, it is easy to be adopted to agriculture. In this study, to heat and cool farm facilities and obtain basic data for practical application of horizontal geothermal heat pump system in agriculture, a horizontal geothermal heat pump system of 10 RT was installed in greenhouse. Heating and cooling performance of this system was estimated. The horizontal geothermal heat pump used in this study had heating COP of 4.57 at soil temperature of $14^{\circ}C$ with depth of 1.75m and heating COP of 3.75 at soil temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ with the same depth. The cooling COP was 2.7 at ground temperature at 1.75m depth of $25.5^{\circ}C$ and 2.0 at the temperature of $33.5^{\circ}C$.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4227-4240
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• 2019

In this paper, we present our proposed magnetic induction based wireless communication system. The proposed system is designed to perform communication as well as distance measurement in underground environments. In order to improve the communication quality, we propose and implement the adaptive channel compensation technique. Based on the fact that the channel may be fast time-varying, we keep track of the channel status each time the data is received and accordingly compensate the channel coefficient for any change in the channel status. By using the proposed compensation technique, the developed platform can reliably communicate over distances of 10m while the packet error rate is being maintained under 5%. We also implement the distance measurement block that is useful for various applications that should promptly estimate the location of nearby nodes in communication. The distance between two nodes in communication is estimated by generating a table describing pairs of the magnetic signal strength and the corresponding distance. The experiment result shows that the platform can estimate the distance of a node located within 10m range with the measurement error less than 50cm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.926-936
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• 1996

Field hulling of high-moisture paddy followed by brown rice drying offers many advantages over the present paddy harvesting and drying offers many advantages over the present paddy harvesting and drying system. We did a preliminary study of the parameters for efficient hulling of high-moisture paddy using the IRRI Centrifugal Huller and two India rice varieties. Hulling capacity , hulling efficiency , brown rice recovery and percent whole bown rice were generally best at the impeller peripheral speed of 44m/s. A second pass through the huller increased hulling capacity , brown rice revery and hulling efficiency, but reduced percent whole brown rice. To solve this , we recommed separation of paddy after hulling and aspiration such that only unhulled and partially -hulled grains will be fed back to the huller. Paddy at even 23% m.c. could be effectively hulled by the impeller-type huller , but the results were generally better at 14 to 17% m.c. Only in percent whole brown rice did the 17 to 23% m.c. range performed better than that of 14% m.c. Difference invarietal response to hulling was observed.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.525-529
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• 1996

Ligand binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were characterized by using filtration binding assays. Scatchard analysis using $[^{3}H]N-methylscopolamine$ ($[^{3}H]NMS$) showed that the dissociation constant ($K_d$) and the maximum binding value ($B_{max}$) were $3.3{\pm}0.8{\times}10^{10}$ M and $9.0{\pm}1.1$ fmol/mg protein, respectively. Binding competition experiments indicated that the affinities of C. elegans mAChRs to atropine, scopolamine, and oxotremorine were similar to those of mammalian mAChRs. Pirenzepine binding experiments revealed that the binding pattern of mAChRs in C. elegans closely resembled that of mAChRs in rat brain, suggesting that the receptors consist primarily of Ml subtype. The affinity of mAChRs for oxotrernorine was significantly affected by guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), a non hydrolyzable GTP analog, suggesting that mAChRs in C. elegans might be coupled to G proteins. The data presented here indicate the possibility that C. elegans provides a living animal model to study the action mode of the muscarinic cholinergic system.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural dyeability of silk on extract of Artemisia princeps, The experimental items were divided into the mordanting method. comonent of fabric, kind of mordant. The experimental study was done by laundering fastness, abrasion(dry/wet) fastness, perspiration(acid/alkali) fastness, light fastness test and color difference by C.C.M system. The summarized finding resulted from experiments and investigation are suggested as follows; First, in the C. C. M test on mordanting methods, color difference was significantly improved when mordants were treatmented. And the premordanting method showed the highest color difference, color was most yellow-greenish, Second, in the C.C.M test on component of fabrics, color difference of silk was higher than cotton. It is considered that silk has -$NH_2$ , -COOH, -OH than more than cotton. Third, in dyeing-fastness on mordants, laundering fastness showed that color-change was 2~3 grade, the contamination on attached fabric was 4~5 grade. perspiration fastness(acid/alkali) showed 4~5 grade nearly and those of acid was higher than alkali. abrasion fastness(dry/wet) was 4~5 grade and in Fe(3~4 grade) was lower than the other mordants. Forth, in color difference analysis on mordants, Fe(50.0) showed the highest and the order of color difference was alum(16.0), Cu(7.2), Sn(3.5), Al(3.1), Cr(2.3), The Hue was turned into yellow-greenish in alum mordant treatment, the luminocity of color was most dark in Fe(-48.9) and Cu(-7.2), chroma was the highest in alum (15.7) method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1332-1336
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• 2004

Amorphous carbon (a-C) films have been deposited on Si(100) substrate using RF magnetron system in order to investigate the electron field emission properties. The a-C films were treated by $N_2$ gas plasma at room temperature. Surface morphologices and structural properties of the a-C films before and after $N_2$ plasma treatment were observed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscope, respectively. Structural properties and surface morphology of the a-C films were changed by $N_2$ plasma treatment. The emission properties can be improved by the plasma treatment according to the contents of nitrogen on the a-C films which is varied by plasma treatment time. Before the plasma treatment, the a-C films are found to have a threshold field of 14 V/$\mu$m, but the a-C film treated by $N_2$ plasma for 30 min exhibit threshold field as low as 6.5 V/$\mu$m.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

Sf21 cells become popular as the host permissive cell line to support the baculovirus AcNPV replication and protein synthesis. The cells grow well on TC-100 medium that contains $0.1\%$ D-glucose as the major carbon source, strongly suggesting the presence of endogenous glucose transporters. However, unlike human glucose transporters, very little is known about the characteristics of the endogenoussugar transporter(s) in Sf21 cells. Thus, some kinetic properties of the sugar transport system were investigated, involving the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dG1c). In order to obtain a true measure of the initial rate of uptake, the uptake of $[^3H]2dGlc$ from both low $(100{\mu}M)$ and high (10 mM) extracellular concentrations was measured over periods ranging from 30 sec to30 min. The data obtained indicated that the uptake was linear for at least 2 min at both concentrations, suggesting that measurements made over a 1min time course would reflect initial rates of the jexpse uptake. To determine $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ of the endogenous glucose transporter(s) in Sf21 cells, the uptake of 2dG1c was measured over a range of substrate concentrations $(50{\mu}M\~10mM)$ 2dG1c uptake by the Sf21 cells appeared to involve both saturable and non-saturable (or very low affinity) components. A saturable transport system for 2dG1c was relatively high, the $K_m$ value for uptake being < 0.45 mM. The $V_{max}$ value obtained for 2dG1c transport in the Sf21 cells was about 9.7-folds higher than that reported for Chinese hamster ovary cells, which contain a GLUT1 homologue. Thus, it appeared that the transport activity of the Sf21 cells was very high. In addition, the Sf21 glucose transporter was found to have very low affinity for cytochalasin B, a potent inhibitor of human erythrocyte glucose transporter

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.443-446
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• 2007

A prognostic indicator of coronary heart disease, C-reactive protein, was tried to be determined by a batch-type quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor. The sensor was operated by direct-binding mode and the optimum concentration for the corresponding antibody for immobilization was $50{\mu}g/ml$. The reaction buffer for the system was 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 7.0) and system operation was performed in the order of baseline stabilization, analyte addition and measurement, and regeneration of the sensor chip with 10 mM NaOH. When plotted in double-logarithmic scale, the sensor showed a linear detection range of 0.27-106.00 nM for rat C-reactive protein with the limit of detection of 0.53 nM. It also showed a good reusability.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.591-604
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• 2024

To investigate the frequency and trajectories of volcanic ash from Mt. Baekdu reaching the Korean Peninsula, a forward trajectory analysis was conducted using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Through a cluster analysis of air parcel trajectories, we identified the main pathways of the volcanic ash from Mt. Baekdu entering the Korean Peninsula and analyzed the synoptic meteorological conditions on those days. The frequency of volcanic ash reaching the Korean Peninsula was 82 times at an altitude of 1000 m and 70 times at 2000 m, with an increasing trend from 2016 to 2022. This increase is attributed to the weakening of westerly winds and the strengthening of north-south winds due to global warming. Five and three trajectory clusters were classified at 1000 m and 2000 m, respectively. At a starting altitude of 1000 m, most air parcels originating from Mt. Baekdu entered the Korean Peninsula under weather conditions (C2, C3) where the pressure gradient from the northwest to the southeast was small, resulting in weak northerly winds. C2 and C3 showed shorter trajectories, which occurred in all seasons, except summer. At a starting altitude of 2000 m, air parcels mostly passed over the Korean Peninsula in a synoptic pattern similar to that at 1000 m in altitude; however, the air parcels had simpler paths and less frequent inflow. C2, at a starting altitude of 2000 m, originates from Mount Baekdu, crosses the center of the Korean Peninsula, and continues to the central region. At a starting altitude of 1000 m, volcanic ash can enter the Korean Peninsula when there is no strong low-pressure system to the southeast of the Korean Peninsula, whereas at 2000 m, volcanic ash can enter the Korean Peninsula when the Siberian high-pressure system is weak.