Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
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Synoptic-Scale Meteorological Clustering Analysis of Volcanic Ash Inflow into the Korean Peninsula Following the Eruption of Mt. Baekdu

  • Da Eun Chae (Department of Earth Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Hearim Jeong (Department of Earth Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Soon-Hwan Lee (Department of Earth Science Education, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2024.07.22
  • Accepted : 2024.08.08
  • Published : 2024.08.31
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Abstract

To investigate the frequency and trajectories of volcanic ash from Mt. Baekdu reaching the Korean Peninsula, a forward trajectory analysis was conducted using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Through a cluster analysis of air parcel trajectories, we identified the main pathways of the volcanic ash from Mt. Baekdu entering the Korean Peninsula and analyzed the synoptic meteorological conditions on those days. The frequency of volcanic ash reaching the Korean Peninsula was 82 times at an altitude of 1000 m and 70 times at 2000 m, with an increasing trend from 2016 to 2022. This increase is attributed to the weakening of westerly winds and the strengthening of north-south winds due to global warming. Five and three trajectory clusters were classified at 1000 m and 2000 m, respectively. At a starting altitude of 1000 m, most air parcels originating from Mt. Baekdu entered the Korean Peninsula under weather conditions (C2, C3) where the pressure gradient from the northwest to the southeast was small, resulting in weak northerly winds. C2 and C3 showed shorter trajectories, which occurred in all seasons, except summer. At a starting altitude of 2000 m, air parcels mostly passed over the Korean Peninsula in a synoptic pattern similar to that at 1000 m in altitude; however, the air parcels had simpler paths and less frequent inflow. C2, at a starting altitude of 2000 m, originates from Mount Baekdu, crosses the center of the Korean Peninsula, and continues to the central region. At a starting altitude of 1000 m, volcanic ash can enter the Korean Peninsula when there is no strong low-pressure system to the southeast of the Korean Peninsula, whereas at 2000 m, volcanic ash can enter the Korean Peninsula when the Siberian high-pressure system is weak.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University

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