• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.743-748
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• 1996

For the biological treatment of phenolic resin wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde, a phenol-degrading yeast was isolated from the papermill sludge, and then identified as Candida tropicalis PW-51 according to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. The strain was able to degrade high phenol concentrations up to 2,000mg/l within 58 hours in batch cultures. Phenol-degrading efficiency by the strain was maximum at the culture conditions of a final concentration of 9 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ cells/ml, 30$\circ$C and pH 7.0. The mean degradation rate of phenol was highest at 45.5mg/l/h in 1,000mg/l phenol from 500mg/l to 2,000mg/l phenol. Because the enzyme activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase increased in the course of degradation of phenol, it seems that this strain degrades phenol via the ortho-cleavage of benzene ring. The isolate C. tropicalis PW-51 could be effectively used for the biological treatment of phenolic resin wastewater.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1985

The effects of initial concentration, flow rate, and recycle ratio on the removal efficiency of phenol were studied in a tapered fluidized bed reactor packed with activated carbon which was attached with Candida tropicalis. The optimum conditions of Candida tropicalis were showed that pH was 7.0 and temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, and the specific growth rate of Candida tropicalis was satisfied with the Monod equation up to 500 mg/L of phenol, and beyond it the inhibition of substrate was found. According to the increases of initial concentration and flow rate, the removal efficiency was decreased, as the recycle ratio was increased, the removal efficiency was increased. In the case of flow rate of 10mL/sec and the recycle ratio of 2, the removal efficiency was 90% above for the all of initial concentration. The removal rate of phenol was the first order reaction in this system, and the rate equation of reaction was as follows.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

Antigenicity of Rhodotrula rubra isolated from pulmonary tissue of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied by means of agglutination reaction with R. rubra whole cell antiserum. And the serological reactivity of crude polyfac charide from R. frubra, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida, glabrata, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26603 with antiserum to R. rubra whole cell was studied by means of immunodiffusion test. R. rubra showed stationary phase after 48h when it was cultured in GYEP broth. While agglutinogen titer was 1:64 at lag phase, agglutinogen titer was 1 :256 after 20h. After growth of R. rubra on different 11 media, nutritional environment showed similar agglu-tination reartivity. The agglutinogen titer of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. giabrata, which were isolated from patient's expectoration, to R. rubra antiserum by means of agglutination reaction were 1:16, respectively. But, Sacch. cervisiae ATCC26603 was negative. Those results were lower than that of R. rubra agglutinogen titer 1:256. As a result of immu-nodiffusion test with crude polysaccharide extracted from cell wall of R. rubra, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, Sacch. cervisiae ATCC26603, precipitin line was found only with R. rubra, of which antibody titer was 8.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1991

Opportunistic mycotic infection of mammary gland due to Candida tropicalis is described in a 7-year-old Holstein Friesian cow with a history of prologned use of antibiotics and corticosteroids. C. tropicalis was repeatedly isolated from the mastitic milk on simplified sunflower seed medium at 30$^{\circ}C$. The pathogen was directly detected in the infected milk by 'PHOL' technique. Microscopic examination of Gram stained smears of milk sediment revealed numerous yeast cells and hyphae morphologically consistent with Candida spp. In vitro drug sensitivity test indicated that C. tropicalis was sensitive to nystatin. Chemotherapy with intramammary infusion of nystatin was successful as evidenced by clinical and mycological observations. It emphasizes the growing significance of Candida spp. and other opportunistic fungal pathogens in Veterinary medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1314-1321
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• 2006

The objective of this work was to study the effect of mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8 on detoxification of cottonseed meal (CSM), and to investigate the effect of fermentation period, proportion of CSM in substrate, sodium carbonate, minerals and heat treatment on the reduction of free gossypol levels during mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of CSM. Experiment 1: Three groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. tropicalis ZD-3, A. niger ZD-8 or mixed culture (C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8). One non-inoculated group was used as the control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol (FG), CP and in vitro CP digestibility were assayed. The results indicated that mixed culture fermentation was far more effective than single strain fermentation, which not only had higher detoxification rate, but also had higher CP content and in vitro digestibility. Experiment 2: CSM substrates were treated according to experimental variables including fermentation period, proportion of CSM in substrate, sodium carbonate, minerals and heat treatment, Then, the treated CSM substrates were inoculated with mixed culture (C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8) and incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36 h in a 95% relative humidity chamber. After fermentation ended, FG and CP content of fermented CSM substrate was assayed. The results showed that the appropriate fermentation period was 36 h, and the optimal proportion of CSM in substrate was 70%. Addition of sodium carbonate to CSM substrate was beneficial for fermentative detoxification. Heat treatment could facilitate fermentative detoxification, and supplementation with minerals was instrumental in reducing gossypol levels during mixed culture solid substrate fermentation of CSM.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2022

Candidemia is a major cause of nosocomial infections resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It remains a serious risk in inpatients and increases medical treatment costs. From 2009 to 2018, Candida strains (3,533) isolated from blood culture tests at the S Hospital were analyzed according to the period, year, sex, age, ward, etc. During the entire period, 54,739 of 717,996 blood culture tests showed a positive rate (7.6%) and the Candida isolation rate was 3,533 (6.4%) out of 1,036 patients. Among the Candida isolates, C. albicans was most common (33.8%), followed by C. tropicalis (28.6%), C. glabrata (19.8%), C. parapsilosis (7.8%), and C. krusei (4.0%). In early (2009~2013)/late (2014~2018) isolation, C. tropicalis decreased by 3.8% and C. glabrata increased by 3.4%. After 50 years of age, the higher the separation frequency. C. parapsilosis (31.3%) in 1~10s, C. tropicalis (30.3%) and C. glabrata (27.6%) in 41~50s, and C. tropicalis (28.6%) in 80s are relatively frequent. has been separated C. krusei was isolated in a relatively high proportion from females (60.9%). Therefore, a systematic and continuous nosocomial infection control system should be established for appropriate treatment as per antifungal treatment guidelines. The system should continuously monitor the distribution of Candida species and provide rapid identification results.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.114-116
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• 2009

In this study, we selected suitable broth media for mass production of Phytophthora capsici oospore, investigated oospore germination and secured $F_1$ progeny. Carrot broth and V8C broth were determined most effective for oospore formation by calculating and comparing oospore concentration produced from 8 different liquid media. Eleven strains were selected from P. capsici (CapA)/P. tropicalis (CapB) and 9 crosses were formed. Oospore progeny were produced, isolated and germinated from A1 and A2 combinations of P. capsici (CapA) with P tropicalis (CapB). This resulted in a total number of 129 $F_1$ isolates of P. capsici/P. tropicalis with a 0.64-4.0% (mean 1.85%) oospore germination.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.365-369
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• 1986

The activity of glucoamylase and pullulanase, properties of glucoamylase and ethanol productivities of fusants were studied. Glucoamylase and pullulanase activity of fusants were higher than parents. The optimal pH and temperature of glucoamylase of fusants were very similar to the those produced by S. diastaticus. In alcohol fermentation. fermenting ability and fermentation rate of fusants were higher and faster than either of its parental strain. The maximum of alcohol yield in 15% of liquefied potato starch was 7.8% (v/v)

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2004

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was applied to the epidemiological investigation of 21 Candida tropicalis isolates collected from urine specimens of 11 patients and one healthcare worker, in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-month period. Seventeen epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients were also tested to determine the discriminatory power of PFGE. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (REAG), using two restriction enzymes (BssHII and SfiI). The EK pattern was the same in all 38 isolates, while REAG using SfiI separated the isolates into nine types. However, 16 different PFGE types were iden-tified by REAG with BssHII, and the same results were obtained when the results of both REAG tests were combined. In serial urinary isolates from 10 patients, all strains from each patient had the same PFGE pattern. While the epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients consisted of 13 different PFGE types, the 20 isolates from the 11 ICU patients fell into only two PFGE types (types Cl and C2), and these apparently originated from the two different outbreaks. All strains of type Cl (n = 12) were isolated from six patients, between November 1999 and January 2000, and all of the type C2 strains (n=8) were isolated from five patients, during January and February 2000. This study shows two con-secutive clusters of C. tropicalis candiduria in an ICU, defined by PFGE typing, and also demonstrates that a PFGE typing method using BssHII is perhaps the most useful method for investigating C. tropi-calis candiduria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

To enhance the capability of starch fermentation of the transformant TSD-14, the heat treated protoplasts of TSD-14 were fused with the protoplasts of C. tropicalis (lys$^-$) in the presence of 30% (w/ v) PEG and 20 mM CaC1$_2$. Fusants were selected by nutritional complementation on minium medium and the fusion frequency was 4.4$\times$10$^{-5}$. All fusants tested were possessed of complemented traits concerning carbon compound assimilation, and the cell volumes of the fusants were approximately 1.5 times larger than the parental strains. The fusants were genetically very stable, and were able to hydrolyze alpha 1,4-glucosidic linkage as well as alpha 1,6-linkage of starch contrary to one of parents TSD-14, The most promising fusant FSC-14-75 produced 8.7% (v/v) of ethanol from 15% liquefied potato starch medium, but the result was enhanced to 9.3% (v/v) by addition of 0.3% peptone. The corresponding fermentation efficiency was 86.0%.