• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

The scope of this study was to develop, design, and build an ex-situ remediation system of using the heating and water sparging treatment for the highly volatile DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contaminated groundwater, and to conduct pilot testing at the site contaminated with DNAPL. The TCE (Trichloroethylene) removal was at the highest rate of 94.6% with the water sparging at $70^{\circ}C$ in the lab-scale test. The pilot-scale remediation system was developed, designed, and fabricated based on the results of the lab-scale test conducted. During the pilot-scale testing, DNAPL-contaminated groundwater was detained at heat exchanger for the certain period of time for pre-heating through the heat exchanger using the thermal energy supplied from the heater. The heating system supplies thermal energy to the preheated DNAPL-contaminated groundwater directly and its highly volatile TCE, $CCl_4$ (Carbontetrachloride), Chloroform are vaporized, and its vaporized and treated water is return edback to the heat exchanger. In the pilot testing the optimum condition of the HWSRS was when the water temperature at the $40^{\circ}C$ and operated with water sparging concurrently, and its TCE removal rate was 90%. The efficiency of the optimized HWSRS has been confirmed through the long-term performance evaluation process.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1997

Pervaporation pilot tests for obtaining the anhydrous ethanol, which is an automobile fuel additive for reducing air pollution, were carried out in the production field of fermented ethanol by using a PVA composite membrane. In the pervaporation dehydration of the ethanol/water azeotropic mixture, the membrane performance is concluded to be enhanced with the heating temperature of feed. In the determination of the permeate condensation temperature from the viewpoint of energy cost, an Optimal temperature was found to be near $0{\circ}C$. The results on the dehydration of fermented ethanol were similar to those of synthetic ethanol, which indicates that the pervaporation performance is not influenced by impurities contained in the ethanol to be dehydrated. From a comparison of calculated energy needed in the system and measured value in the pilot test, it is confirmed that the latent heat for vaporization of permeant on the permeate side of membrane is supplied from the feed.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2004

The finite element method and statistics of the convergence measurement are useful method of the stability analysis of the tunnel adjacent to the pier. It is the purpose of the this case study to certificate of validity of the application of those methods. The safety of the pilot tunnel method and LW pre-grouting has been evaluated from the FEM analysis. The three-dimensional finite element method is carried out for the decision of the level of stress redistribution at the two-dimensional numerical analysis. An analysis of the convergence is carried out by the estimation of preceding convergence at tunnel excavation. F-examination is applied for this estimation. As results of that analysis, The F-value is from 10.81 to 158.74 and the coefficient of determination is from 0.82 to 0.99. An analysis of convergence is carried out by using regression analysis. Consequently, it is shown that the convergence can be modeled as following function C(t) = a[1-exp(-bt)].

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.650-658
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• 2006

The recycling of TDA from solid waste of TDI plant(TDI-R) by near-critical hydrolysis reaction had been studied by means of a statistical design of experiment. The main and interaction effects of process variables had been defined from the experiments in a batch reactor and the correlation equation with process variables for TDA yield had been obtained from the experiments in a continuous pilot plant. It was confirmed that the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst type and concentration, and the weight ratio of water to TDI-R(WR) on TDA yield were significant. TDA yield decreased with increases in reaction temperature and catalyst concentration, and increased with an increase in WR. As a catalyst, NaOH was more effective than $Na_2CO_3$ for TDA yield. The interaction effects between catalyst concentration and temperature, WR and temperature, catalyst type and reaction time on TDA yield had been defined as significant. Although the effect of catalyst concentration on TDA yield at $300^{\circ}C$ as subcritical water was insignificant, the TDA yield decreased with increasing catalyst concentration at $400^{\circ}C$ as supercritical water. On the other hand, the yield increased with an increase in WR at $300^{\circ}C$ but showed negligible effect with WR at $400^{\circ}C$. The optimization of process variables for TDA yield has been explored with a pilot plant for scale-up. The catalyst concentration and WR were selected as process variables with respect to economic feasibility and efficiency. The effects of process variables on TDA yield had been explored by means of central composite design. The TDA yield increased with an increase in catalyst concentration. It showed maximum value at below 2.5 of WR and then decreased with an increase in WR. However, the ratio at which the TDA yield showed a maximum value increased with increasing catalyst concentration. The correlation equation of a quadratic model with catalyst concentration and WR had been obtained by the regression analysis of experimental results in a pilot plant.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.307-323
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• 2003

In this study the pilot test of C.G.S (Compaction Grouting System) as injection method by low slump mortar was performed and the results were analyzed in order to find out the application of this method to the soft ground and the effect of settlement restraint. The site for pilot test is adjacent to apartments supported by pile foundations. Sand drain method was performed previously as countermeasures against settlement, but settlement occurs continuously because this ground is very soft. Site investigations such as SPT, CPT and vane shear test were performed to determine the characteristics of ground improvement after the installation of C.G.S. Field measurements were performed on purpose to find out the displacement of ground during the installation of C.G.S. From the results of this study, C.G.S method can be optimized by the control of radius, space, depth, injection material and injection pressure. C.G.S improves soft ground with radial consolidation of adjacent soft ground. Considering that increase of N value to about 3, C.G.S can be considered as an effective method to increase the bearing capacity as well as constrain the settlement of soft ground. It is also expected to be economic and effective in the improvement of ground when it is used in applicable sites.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-259
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• 2008

To support business services interoperation, the BSD (Business Service Document), which is an extension of the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) the web service specification of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was designed. The WSDL presents comprehensive standards for the interoperability of software components and W3C delegates extensions of WSDL to the users for their own purposes and objectives. In this article, BSD Creator, which can generate well-formed and valid BSDs, was designed and implemented. Also, the BSD Operation Pilot System where service providers can publish BSD specification documents and service users can search for services, was implemented and presented. BSD Creator and the BSD Operation Pilot System, which are the outcomes of this study, were assessed for their quality and usefulness using ISO/IEC 9126. The outcomes of this paper will be the basis on which industry groups can construct a Business Services Interoperation System, and are expected to contribute to the revitalization of business service interoperation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.609-614
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• 1993

The optimum conditions for the submerged mycelial culture of Lentinus edodes SR-1 were elucidated to be incubation temperature of 25C, initial pH 4.0, agitation of 300 rpm, inoculation of 10.0%(v/v), and aeration of 1.0 v/v/m in TGY medium. The optimum c/n ratio and economic yield coeffcient for the submerged mycelial culture were 13.1:1 and 0.45 respectively. As the plant growth hormones test, SCM medium containing 0.5ppm of 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid increased mycelial yield in 1.1%, but 6-benzylaminopurine was not effective.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

This study applied asynchronous W-CDMA(3GPP) system that is suggested as an access method of IMT-2000, multimedia communication in next generation, and estimated fading channel by using pilot symbol different from traditional IS-95. And then, it applied PIC(Parallel Interference Cancellation) as multiple access interference cancellation and analyzed performance depending on the power rate between DPCCH(Control) and DPDCH(Data). As a result of simulation, it showed the best performance in C:D = 3:7 and 4:6, where set up as five users in case of hand design, and showed the best performance in C:D = 3:7, where did as ten users.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.345-349
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• 2015

Antifreeze proteins (AFP) inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice, and permit organisms to survive in cold environments. The AFP from an Antarctic bacterium, Flavobacterium frigoris PS1, FfIBP (Flavobacterium frigoris icebinding protein), was produced in E. coli using a cold shock induction system. The culture temperature was shifted from $37^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ and a 20 L culture scale was used. The final weights of dried cell and FfIBP were estimated to be 126 g and 8.4 g, respectively. The thermal hysteresis (TH) activity ($1.53^{\circ}C$) of the produced FfIBP was 3.6-fold higher than that of the LeIBP (Leucosporidium ice-binding protein) produced in Picha. The current study demonstrates that large-scale production of FfIBP was successful and the result could be extended to further application studies using recombinant AFPs.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2020

Purpose:Weight gain after kidney transplantation is a critical factor that can lead to poor outcomes with cardiovascular complications. Many studies have been conducted to identify predictive markers of future weight changes at the time of transplant. Recently, circulating exosomes and its contents including miRNAs and proteins have attracted attention as potential biomarkers. In this pilot study, we investigated exosomal proteins and weight change after kidney transplant. Methods: Recipients (n = 10) were classified into two groups; weight gainers (n = 5, 9.7 ± 4.4kg) and weight losers (n = 5, -6.4 ± 1.8kg) based on their weight changes at 12-months posttransplant. Based on the exosomal protein profiles obtained by the LC-MS/MS, differentially expressed proteins were identified between the groups. Results: Concentration and the mean size of exosomes significantly increased at 12-months compared to the baseline (p= .009) in the total group. Eleven exosomal proteins were found at the baseline as differentially expressed between the two groups. In the weight gain group, complement proteins including HV169, C3, C4B, and C4A, were significantly upregulated. Conclusion: Our pilot study suggests that exosomal complementary proteins are associated with weight gain after kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these exosomal proteins in the underlying mechanisms of weight changes in kidney transplant recipients.