• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 1989

To find bacteria which can inhibit growth of enteropathogenic Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, spore forming butyric acid bacteria were isolated from 26 fecal samples of infants. Fourteen strains were found to be antagonistic to the enteropathogen and five of them produced butyric acid. A strain which produced the highest butyric acid was selected and identified as Clostridium butyricum. This organism sporulated in SM medium in 36 hours with optimum rates at 37$^{\circ}C$ and at pH 5.5. The spores tolerated well at high heat and acidity, and possible application of Clostridium butyricum as intestinal controller was discussed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.264-268
• /
• 2000

High activity of acidic ethylacetate extract from the culture supernatant of ginseng growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens KGPP 207 and its fractions were demonstrated through wheat coleoptile bioassay. The following auxins and auxin-like compounds were identified in these fractions by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl and ethyl ester, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-lactic acid and its methyl ester, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid methyl and ethyl ester, phenyl acetic acid and its methyl ester. The bacterium KGPP 207 belongs to the strain of P. fluorescens which produces plant growth regulators and its beneficial effect on the ginseng growth may be due to the formation of the identified compounds.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 2011

Depletion of petroleum increased the need of alternative energy and chemical resources. Biomass, a renewable resource, can be transformed to bioenergy and biomaterials, and the materials from biomass will ultimately substitute petroleum based energy and chemical compounds. In this perspective, production of C4-C6 compounds for bioenergy and biomaterials are described for understating of current research progress. n-Butanol and n-butyric acid, the major C4 compounds, are produced by Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Clostridium acetobutylicum. n-Hexanoic acid, a typical C6 compound, is produced by Clostridium kluyveri and Megasphaera elsdenii. Reported maximum amount of n-butanol, n-butyric acid and n-hexanoic acid was 21, 55, and 19 g/L, respectively, and extraction of these C4-C6 compounds are induced increase production by those anaerobic bacteria. In addition, a new bacterium Clostridium sp. BS-1 produced 5 g/L of n-hexanoic acid using galactitol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.1908-1914
• /
• 2008

An alkaliphilic bacterium, Bacillus clausii SKAL-16, was isolated from soil that had been contaminated with vegetable oil. The optimal pH and general pH range for bacterial growth was 8, and 7 to 10, respectively. The bacterium could grow on tributyrin and glycerol, but could not grow on acetate and butyrate. The SKAL-16 strain excreted butyric acid during growth on tributyrin, and selectively ingested glycerol during growth on a mixture of butyric acid and glycerol. The SKAL-16 generated intracellular lipase, but did not produce esterase and extracellular lipase. The DNA fragment amplified with the chromosomal DNA of SKAL-16 and primers designed on the basis of the esterase-coding gene of Bacillus clausii KSM-KI6 was not identical with the esterase-coding gene contained in the GenBank database. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase activities were detected in the cell-free extract (crude enzyme).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.775-784
• /
• 2021

After isolating the DIMO 52 strain with a large inhibition zone diameter for Clostridium perfringens and maximum butyric acid production from the fecal sample of a breastfeeding infant, it was identified as Clostidium butyricum. The maximum growth of the DIMO 52 strain was reached 24 h after inoculation, and the maximum butyric acid concentration was approximately 34.73±4.27 mM. The DIMO 52 strain survived approximately 67.5% of the initial inoculum at pH 2.0, and approximately 64.9% survived in RCM broth supplemented with 0.3% (w/v) oxgall. In addition, DIMO 52 showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli KCTC 2441 and Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC 1925. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, 1×10³ CFU/mL viable cells of the DIMO 52 strain also exhibited significant NO (nitric oxide) production inhibitory activity (33%, p<0.01). This result suggests that C. butyricum DIMO 52 has anti-inflammatory activity related to NO radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, C. butyricum DIMO 52 isolated in this study has the potential to be used as a probiotic.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2007

Infection structures were observed using a fluorescence microscope at the penetration sites on the leaves of potato plants pre-inoculated with the bacterial strains Pseudomonas putida TRL2-3, Micrococcus luteus TRK2-2, and Flexibacteraceae bacterium MRL412, which mediated an induced systemic resistance on potato plants against late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. In order to compare the infection structures on the leaves expressing systemic acquired resistance, the leaves of potato plants pre-treated with DL-3-amino butyric acid (BABA) were also observed after challenge inoculation with the same pathogen. The infection structures were investigated. The total number of germination and appressorium formation of P. infestans were counted. Furthermore, the frequencies of fluorescent epidermal cells at the penetration sites, which indicate a defense response of plant cell, were estimated. There were no differences on the germination rates of the fungal cysts among the untreated control, BABA pre-treated, and bacterial strains pre-inoculated plants. However, appressorium formation was slightly decreased on the leaves of BABA pre-treated plants compared to those of untreated as well as bacterial strains pre-inoculated plants. Furthermore, the frequencies of fluorescent cells of BABA pre-treated and bacterial strains pre-inoculated were higher than that of untreated plants, indicating an active defense reaction of the host cells against the fungal attack. On the other hand, the pre-treatment with BABA caused a stronger fluorescent of epidermal cells at the penetration sites compared to the pre-inoculation with the bacterial strains. Interestingly, the frequency of fluorescent cells by BABA, however, was lower than that by the bacterial strains. Based on the results it is suggested that the infection structures showing resistance reaction on the leaves of potato plants were different between by pre-inoculation with bacterial strains and by pre-treatment with BABA against the late blight pathogen.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.86-96
• /
• 2012

Hydrogen gas production of anaerobic fermentative process from food waste as a substrate was 3.47 mg $H_2/g$ COD. The hydrogen production was little less than the synthetic wastewater with sucrose as a substrate (7.56 mg $H_2/g$ COD). The B/A ratios of the synthetic wastewater and food waste were 3.73 or 8.01 respectively. Butyric acid was more produced when hydrogen production was higher. Microbial community in the samples was analyzed as Escherichia sp., Klebsiella sp., Clostridium sp., Bacterium sp., and Enterobacter sp. Clostridium sp. was detected both samples but Klebsiella sp. was more active with fermentation process of the food waste. Taxonomic description shows that 60% of the microorganism was ${\gamma}-proteobacteria$ and Firmicute and Bacteria was 20% respectively.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2006

Efficacy of resistance induction by the bacterial isolates Pseudomonas putida (TRL2-3), Micrococcus luteus (TRK2-2) and Flexibacteraceae bacterium (MRL412), which were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants growing in Jeju Mountain, were tested in a greenhouse. The disease severity caused by Phytophthora infestans was effectively reduced in the potato plants pre-inoculated with bacterial isolates compared with those of the untreated control plants growing in a greenhouse. In order to estimate the level of protection by the bacterial isolates, Mancozeb WP (Diesen $M^{(R)}$, Kyong nong) and DL-3-amino butyric acid (BABA) were pre-treated, whereas Dimethomorph WP ($Forum^{(R)}$, Kyong nong) and phosphonic acid ($H_{3}PO_{3}$) were post-treated the challenge inoculation with the pathogen. Disease severities of chemical pre-treated as well as post-treated plants were reduced compare to those of the untreated. The disease reduction in the plants pre-treated with Mancozeb WP was the highest, whereas that of post-treated with Dimethomorph WP was the lowest. The yields of plants pre-inoculated with three bacterial isolates were greatly increased than those of control plants. These results suggest that biological control by bacterial isolates might be an alternative strategy against late blight disease in potato plants growing in greenhouse.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.392-398
• /
• 2014

It was confirmed that malodor connected with an air-conditioner in an automobile is caused by microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by microorganisms and through microorganisms coexisting with each other to form a biofilm on the evaporator surface. A bacterium, Methylobacterium aquaticum, can form a biofilm on the evaporator surface. The biofilm was composed of 45.79% C (Carbon), 42.36% O (Oxygen), 1.85% Na (Sodium), 5.42% Al (Aluminum), 1.39% P (Phosphorus), 0.74% Cl (Chlorine) and 2.45% K (Potassium). This result matches the composition of the biofilm formed on the surface of the used evaporator. It was determined that sulfur compounds (Hydrogen sulfide, Dimethyl sulfide) and organic acids (n-Butyric acid, n-Valeric acid, iso-Valeric acid) in the air which was blown into the automobile were generated by Methylobacterium aquaticum and Aspergillus versicolor, respectively. On the other hand, volatile organic compounds (Toluene, Xylene, 2-Ethylhexanol, 2-Phenyl- 2-propanol, Ethylbenzene) were not found. It is estimated that the reason is due to the low concentration of generated MVOCs or is caused by the change of some MVOCs depending on the nutrients (medium).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.435-442
• /
• 2001

Poly(3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate) [P(3HPV)] was efficiently accumulated from 5-phenylvalerate (5PV) in Pseudomonas putida BM01 in a mineral salts medium containing butyric acid (BA) as the cosubstrate. A nove aromatic copolyester, poly(5 mol% 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate-co- 95 mol% 3-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoate) [P(3HPB-co-3HPC)] was also synthesized from 6-phenylhexanoate (6PC) plus Ba. The two aromatic polymers, P(3HPV) and P(3HPB-co-3HPC), were found to be amorphous and showed different glass-transition temperatures at $15^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, respectively. When the bacterium was grown ina medium containing 20 mM 5PV as the sole carbon source for 140 h, 0.4 g/l of dry cells was obtained in a flask cultivation and 20 wt% of P(3HPV) homopolymer was accumulated in the cells. However, when it was grown with a mixture of 2 mM 5PV and 50 mM BA for 40 h, the yield of dry biomass was increased up to 2.5 g/l and the content of P(3HPV) in the dry cells was optimally 56 wt%. This efficient production of P(3HPV) homopolymer from the mixed substrate was feasible because BA only supported cell growth and did not induce any aliphatic PHA accumulation. The metabolites released into the PHA synthesis medium were analyzed using GC or GC/MS. Two $\beta$-oxidation derivatives, 3-phenylpropionic acid and trans-cinnamic acid, were found in the 5V-grown cell medium and these comprised 55-88 mol% of the 5PV consumed. In the 6PC-grown medium containing Ba, seven ${\beta}$-oxidation and related intermediates were found, which included phenylacetic acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, cis-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid, trans-4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid, trans-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid, and 3-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Accordingly, based on the metabolite analysis, PHA synthesis pathways from the two aromatic carbon sources are suggested.