• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.614-622
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• 2010

The sanitary quality of a shellfish-growing area in Gangjinman, Korea, was assessed through a bacteriological examination of seawater form January 2007 to December 2009. The range of the geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile for most-probable-number (MPN) values for fecal coliforms in samples collected in the designated area were 2.0-2.4 and 6.1-11.5 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Therefore, the bacteriological quality of seawater in the designated area in the Gangjinman area met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) guidelines for approved areas. Also, the sanitary status of shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100 g). However, the degree of bacteriological contamination increased rapidly, and water quality exceeded the criteria for approved areas when large amounts of rain fell before the sampling date. Fortunately, fecal pollutants did not affect the bacteriological quality of a buffer zone established between the shoreline and the designated area. These results indicate that the current buffer zone established around the designated area protects the designated area properly.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2000

The aggravating water quality from the expansion of industrialization along with increasing population lead to develop more intensive physical measures to secure better drinking water quality. This study was mainly initiated to establish a water-pollutant buffering zone for the upper stream basin of Paldang--the major source area of drinking water for the metropolitan Seoul and suburban areas with a population more than 13 million. Two different criteria were considered in determining the buffering distance from the edge of the streamflow : 1km-width buffer zone for the special protection area which has been strictly controlled by the conventional laws for the protection of drinking water supply, and 500m-width buffer zone for the rest of the area. To delineate the exact boundaries of the water-pollutant buffering zone, GIS database was created integrating topography, hydrography, cadastral, and other related layers. The newly designated water-pollutant buffering zone would contribute to improve the water quality in a long term along with the conservation of the wet land. More study, however, should be made within the water-pollutant buffering zone such as the detailed survey of the pollutants, vegetation, and ecosystem for more effective management of the buffering zone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2002

For the zoning of natural ecosystem, Vegetation Index is calculated from the vegetation data surveyed on Baekdudaegan (Pijae-Doraegijae). Five factors -biodiversity, conservation value of the stand, environmental quality, longevity of the stand, site productivity- are considered in the calculation of Vegetation Index. Vegetation Index might be a useful zoning tool for management of Baekdudaegan. For Vegetation Index I, 59 sample plots 52.2% of total 113 sample plots are belong to core area, 34 sample plots 30.l% and 20 sample plots 17.7% are belong to buffer zone and transition area, respectively. For Vegetation Index II, 49 sample plots 43.4% of total 113 sample plots are belong to core area, 38 sample plots 33.6% and 26 sample plots 23.0％ are belong to buffer zone and transition area, respectively.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.696-699
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• 2008

A 10-bit source driver using low temperature poly-silicon(LTPS) TFTs is developed. To reduce the DAC area, the DAC structure including two 5-bit resistor-string DACs and analog buffer, which has analog adder is proposed. The source driver is fabricated using LTPS process and its one channel area is $3,200{\mu}m\;{\times}\;260{\mu}m$. The simulated INL and DNL of output voltages are less than 3 LSB and 1 LSB, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 2004

The discrimination of bracken (Korean vs. Chinese) has been attempted using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) was extracted with 30% methanol and separated on a uncoated fused-silica ($50{\mu}m{\times}27cm$) capillary. Conditions for optimal analysis include: temperature, $40^{\circ}C$; voltage, 8 kV; and pressure injection time, 5 sec. The optimal separation buffer was 0.3 M borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 40 mM CHAPS with 30% ethylene glycol. Under the optimal conditions established for CE, the ratio of specific peak area (peak PA-1) to other peak area (peak PA-2) was effective in discrimination of Korean and Chinese bracken. The mean accuracy for discrimination of Korean and Chinese brackens were 80% and 86%, respectively.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.686-689
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• 2003

This paper describes two kind of new concept for low power consumption for small area TFT-LCDs. First, the proposed analog buffer could reduce the static current by adopting new scheme. Second, new data driver structure reduced DC power consumption by reducing the number of operational amplifier (op-amp). As simulation results of Hspice, the quiescent current of proposed analog buffer is less than $0.8{\mu}A$ and the DC power consumption is reduced about $40{\sim}50%$ compared with conventional ones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.106-114
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• 2015

Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN) is a network standard around a human body which connects various medical sensor and devices It has to satisfy various demands such as data transmission rate, priority, and delay time. In this paper, considering a data priority and transmission delay time, is proposed to improve efficiency of WBAN service depending on congestion status of network. The proposed algorithm operates with adapted data removal probability according to data priority when the hub buffer is congested than before. And in the case of lower congestion within the hub buffer data is served considering data delay time. Through the comparison with other existing scheduling algorithms, it is confirmed that quality of WBAN service is improved due to lower data loss rate of medical data and less delay time in the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.108-116
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• 2013

The input buffer in Network on Chip (NoC) router plays a key role in on-chip-network performance, which is utilized in flow control and virtual channel. However, increase in area and power due to input buffers as the network size gets larger is becoming severe. To solve this problem, a bufferless deflection routing without input buffer was suggested. Since the bufferless deflection routing shows poor performance at high network load, other approaches which combine the deflection routing with small size side buffers were also proposed. Nonetheless these new methods still show deficiencies caused by frequent path collisions. In this paper, we propose a modified deflection routing technique using a location based priority. In comparison with existing deflection routers, experimental results show improvement by 12% in throughput with only 3% increase in area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 1998

Soil pH change is an important factor which determines soil chemical properties. It is an indicator of the effect of urban environmental pollution on soils and plant growth. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of air pollution on the soil of Seoul urban forests during the course of the air pollution being dipersed toward suburb area. Study sites were divided into four sections of concentric circles with 5km interval. Soil samples were collected from A and B horizons in the urban forests, and analyzed for soil pH, soil buffer capacity, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Soil pH ranged from 3.96 to 5.08 for A horizon and from 4.10 to 5.25 for B horizon, which were not significantly different among the sections. However, there was a trend of soil pH lowered at the sections close to the urban center. Soil buffer capacity was lower at 0-5km and 5-10km sections compared to that at the outer sections. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were not different significantly among the sections. Following the pattern of air pollutants being dispersed from urban center to suburb, soil acidification was observed at the urban forests in Seoul area. Low level of soil buffer capacity toward the urban center was an indicator of soil acidification at the urban forests.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.424-430
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• 2000

Supply chain management (SCM) is an area that has recently received a great deal of attention in the business community. While SCM is relatively new, the idea of coordinated planning is not. During the last decades, many researchers have investigated multi-stage inventory problems. However, only a few papers address the problem of cost-optimal coordination of multi-stage inventory control with respect to service measures. Even published approaches have a shortcoming in dealing with a delivery lead time consisted of a shipping time and a waiting time. Assumed that there is no waiting time, or that the delivery lead time is implicitly compounded of a shipping time and a waiting time, the problem is often simplified into a multi-stage buffer allocation and a single-stage stochastic buffer sizing problem at all installations. This paper presents a simulation-based heuristic algorithm and a comparison with others for the problem that cannot be decomposed into a multi-stage buffer allocation and a single-stage stochastic buffer sizing problem because the waiting time ties together all stages. The comparison shows that the simulation-based heuristic algorithm performs better than other approaches in saving average inventory cost for both Poisson and Normal demands.