• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 1997

To compare the severe liver damage with the slight one on the bromobeazene metabolism in rats, the animal group described as B7 group was induced the stage of slight liver damage with 7 times bromobenzene injection every other day (400 mg/Kg body wt. i.p.), whereas B40 group was induced that of more severe liver damage with bromobeazene 40 times injection as identified with determination of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity and the histopathological findings. In the present experimental animal model, the decreasing rate of glutathione(GSH) and the increasing rate of glutathione S-transferase activity to the control group were higher in B7 group than B40 group. Furthermore the single dose of bromobenzene was injected to the two groups and sacrificed at 8hr and the hepatic aniline hydroxylase(AH) activity, GSH content and GST activity were determined. The increasing rate of AH activity to the control was lower in B40 group than B7 group and the decreasing rate of GSH to the control was also lower in B40 than B7 group. Moreover, B7 group showed the increased activity of hepatic GST to the control whereas B40 group showed the decrease activity of the enzyme. And Vmax value in GST was more decreased in B40 group than B7 group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2000

Objective : To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Gami-oryungsan on the liver damage induced by bromobenzene. Method : The development of fibrosis and acute liver injury was examined by the chemical analysis of AST, AL T, ${\gamma}$-GTP . and epoxide hydrolase glutathione S-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, lipidoperoxide levels, glutathione levels were measured and oberved. Results : The increasing levels of lipidoperoxide was decreased proportionally according to dose of extract GO. Epoxide hydrolase glutathioneS-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity highly increased in GO pre-acupunctured group compared with the group treated with only bromobenzene. The increase of serum AST, AL T, ${\gamma}$-GTP enzyme activity of mice by bromobenzene was inhibited by the administration of GO. Lipidoperoxide levels in rat's liver decreased compared to the case of bromobenzene-treated group. The levels of Glutathione decreased by bromo benzene were increased highly in GO pre-acupunctured group. Conclusion : These results suggest that GO extract recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by decreasing the lipid peroxidation AST AL T ${\gamma}$-GTP enzyme activity and increasing epoxide hydrolase glutathioneS-transferase glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, glutathione levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.965-972
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• 2004

In the present study, it is observed that Monascus diet may have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by bromobenzene in rats. By treatment with bromobenzene (400 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 3 consecutive days, the liver damage was reduced in rats fed 2% Monascus diet, based on the liver functional and histopathological findings. Furthermore, retreatment of bromobenzene to the animals with damaged liver showed higher decreasing rate of hepatic glutathione content and increasing rate of cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase activity at 4 h in rats fed 2% Monascus diet than those fed STD diet, and V$_{max}$ in glutathione S-transferase was higher in liver of rats fed 2% Monascus diet than those fed STD diet. On the other hand, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were generally higher both in bromobenzene and 2% Monascus diet treated group than those fed STD diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus diet showed lower liver damage than those fed STD diet, which may be due to the acceleration of bromobenzene metabolism and detoxication of oxygen free radicals.s.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of growth periods on the bromobenzene-induced liver damage, bromobenzene was administrated to 5-week-old rats and 10-week-old rats pretreated with bromobenzene 5 times every other day for 10 days and then the animals were sacrificed. The results were obtained as follows; The increasing rate of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activity, hepatic lipid peroxide contents, liver weight per body weight (％) and decreasing rate of hepatic contents of protein to each control group were higher in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats by the pretreatment of bromobenzene. According to the above results, 10-week-old rats indicated more severe liver injury than 5-week-old those in case of bromobenzene pretreatment. On the other hand, hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity was more increased in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated rats where as the reverse in hepatic glutathione S-transferase. In case of hepatic GSH determination at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr after administration of single dose of bromobenzene to 5-week-old and 10-week-old rats both in control and bromobnezene pretreated, the rate of GSH utilization was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats. In conclusion, from the above experimental, it is deduce that the 10-week-old rats showed more severe liver injury than 5-week-old rats by the bromobenzene treatment because the disposal ability of bromobenzene in liver was lower in 10-week-old rats than 5-week-old rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 1998

Holotrichia was tested for the effects on damages of liver tissue induced by bromobenzene. Holotrichia was treated firstly into samples, and then bromobenzene intoxicated animal models were set with them. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in tissue of liver proportinally decreased with the level of concentration of extract prepared from Holotrichia It was much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with ferrous iron ($Fe&{+2}$). In vivo, after the extract was administered to the animal model for twenty days, the level of lipid peroxide in liver decreased compared to that of bromobenzene-treated group. The enzyme activities of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in liver highly increased in Holotrichia pre-medicating group compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. And we can get the same results in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The level of glutathione followed by Holotrichia pre-medicationg administration, increased as highly as normal group in compare with the group treated with only bromobenzene. Also, the enzyme activities of AL T, AST and $\{gammer}-GTP$ in liver considerably decreased. In conclusion, Holotrichia recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by the increased activities of lipid peroxidation and bromobenzene scavenging enzymes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.477-486
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• 2000

Objective : This is the experimental paper to investigate the effects of Gami-oryungsan(GO) on decreasing the activities of free radicals. Methods : We used three different group; In the normal group, we injected Gami-oryungsan extract intraperitoneally daily for 15days(90mg/kg), bromobenzene(310mg/kg) for 2days and injected normal saline in the control group. Results : We have observed the effects of Gami-oryungsan about the damage of rat's liver induced by bromobenzene. We can find the level of lipid peroxidation and type conversion ratio of xanthine oxidase decreased compared to the case of bromobenzene-treated group. The enzyme of activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase highly increased in Gami-oryungsan pre-acupunctured group compared to the group treated with only bromobenzene. The level of glutathione in Gami-oryungsan pre-acupunctured group was increased as highly as normal group. Also it was not seen special effects concerning aldehyde oxidase. Conclusions : Gami-oryungsan extract recovers the damage of liver due to bromobenzene intoxication by decreasing the lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 1997

To evaluate the effect of bromobenzene pretreatment on the bromobenzene metabolism, the animal group was induced the stage of slight liver damage with 7 times bromobenzene injection every two days (400 mg/kg body wt. i.p.). In the present experimental animal model, the single dose of bromobenzene(400 mg/kg body wt. i.p.) was injected to the bromobenzene-pretreated rats and the hepatic aniline hydroxylase(AH) activity, glutathione(GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, 24 hours throughout 24 hr. The activities of hepatic AH and GST were generally higher in bromobenzene-pretreated rats than those in normal group throughout the whole course of experiment. Furthermore, the decreasing rate of hepatic GSH content was also higher in bromobenzene pretreated rats than in normal rats. Moreover, the value of V$_{max}$ in hepatic GST was higher in bromobenzene pretreated rats than that in the normal rats. In conclusion, these results indicate that the pretreatment of bromobenzene may rather enhance the bromobenzene metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.428-436
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• 2010

Sea-urchins (Anthocidaris crassispina) are widely distributed in the East Sea of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of sea-urchin roe on bromobenzene (BB)-induced liver damage in rats. The antioxidative and detoxifying properties of sea-urchin roe in BB-poisoned rat liver was examined by chemical analysis of serum aminotransferase (AST, ALT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase, epoxide hydrolase, amino-N-demethylase (AD), aniline hydrolase (AH) enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxide and glutathione contents. Sea-urchin roe inhibited the increase of serum AST, ALT enzyme activity. Increasing lipid peroxide contents and AD and AH activities were significantly decreased in ethanol extract of sea-urchin roe. GST, $\gamma$-glutamylcystein synthetase, glutathione reductase and epoxide hydrolase enzyme activities increased in sea-urchin roe-fed group, compared with the BB-treated group. These results suggest that sea-urchin roe facilitates recovery from liver damage by enhancing antioxidative defense mechanisms and hepatic detoxication metabolism.