• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to enhance nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and increase mixture levels of broiler excreta by adding of corn meal. Treatments were included non mixture(control), adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and corn meal as a fresh matter basis, respectively. One liter laboratory silos were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The crude fiber, NDF and ADF contents were high in whole crop corn(P(O.Ol), crude protein and crude ash contents were high in the broiler excreta(P<0.05), and NFE content was high in corn meal (P< 0.05). 2. Crude protein content of silage was increased(I'$NH_3$-N contents of silage were markedly increased with increasing levels of broiler excreta and corn meal, and was the highest in the 30% broiler excreta treatment(P$meal$ <0.05), and Flieg's value gains "very good" by showing organic acids. 5. Numbers of total bacteria and lactobacilli were $10^5$ to $10^7$ and $10^5$ to $10^6$ , respectively, and were similar in all treatment. Colliform was all but annihilated in the treatment with mixture of broiler excreta and corn rneal.orn rneal.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2001

육계의 분 배설량과 그 특성을 알아보고자 축산기술연구소 시험계사에서 육계 120수를 이용하여 시험을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 육계는 6주령시 수당 일일 160.1~165.2g의 사료를 섭취했으며 암텃, 213.0$m\ell$,수컷 252.9$m\ell$의 물을 섭취하였다. 2. 육계 1수당 1일 암수 평균 배설량은 6주령시 생분기눙으로 90.5g이며 육계 1수가 42일령까지 배설하는 누적배설량은 암수 평균 3,800g이었고 이때 계분중의 수분 함량은 79.4%였다. 3. 육계분의 평균 N 함량ㅇㄴ 건물기준으로 N 1.19%, $P_2O_5 1.28%, K_2O$ 2.02%였다. 4. 무창육계사의 여름철 깔짚 중의 수분 함량은 18.3%로 자연환기식 개방계사 계분의 수분함량 29.7%, 간이계사 30.1%보다 낮았다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

육성 거세 한우(평균 체중 200kg)에게 6주 동안 배합사료의 16%와 볏짚의 48%를 대체하는 수준에서, 그리고 Holstein 비거세우(평균 체중 336 kg)에게 12주 동안 배합사료 4%와 볏짚18%를 대체하는 수준에서 퇴적발효한 육계생분­톱밥­왕겨 혼합물(DBSR 최종 함수율 45%)의 펠렛을 무제한 급여한 후 사료섭취량, 증체율, 사료효율, 경제성 및 도체 특성을 평가하였다. DBSR pellet의 기호성은 양호한 편이었다. 대조구와 비교해서 DBSR pellet 급여는 육성 거세 한우의 증체량(31.6 vs 36.6 kg), 일당 증체율(0.75 vs 0.87), 사료효율(7.23 vs 7.53)과 Holstien 비거세우의 증체량(148 vs 155 kg), 일당증체율(1.76 vs 1.84) 및 사료효율(5.69 vs 6.02)에 유의적 영향을 미치지 않았으며(P＞0.05), 증체 당 사료비용은 축종별로 각각 18.5% 및 3.5% 절감되었다. Holstein 비거세우에의 DBSR pellet 급여는 도체중, 육량 및 육질에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 수분흡수제로서 톱밥, 왕겨와 혼합한 케이지 육계생분의 퇴적발효물은 육성비육우용 사료로서 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1624-1628
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• 2008

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal (YRSM). In the first experiment nutrient retention was recorded by 48 Arbor Acres-broiler chickens (28-d old) to determine AMEn (nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy), coefficient of apparent protein digestibility based on ileal digesta nitrogen, excreta nitrogen and uric acid nitrogen. The second experiment was carried out with 304 Arbor Acres-broiler chickens to compare effects of SBM (soybean meal) and YRSM on performance, carcass and digestive tract status. In the control treatment, SBM was replaced by graded levels of YRSM at 15, 22.5 and 30% of diet. Digestibility of YRSM protein was significantly lower (p<0.001) than SBM protein. The protein digestibility based on ileal measurement was significantly higher (p<0.001) than protein digestibility from excreta samples. There was no significant difference (p>0.001) between ileal and excreta digestibility of protein based on uric acid. AMEn as a fraction of gross energy was 0.54 in SBM and 0.45 in YRSM. With the exception of 30% YRSM, other YRSM treatments resulted in major effects on length and weight of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of this study have shown no adverse effect on performance as well as protein digestibility and energy value in response to replacement of SBM by YRSM with the exception of 22.5 and 30% YRSM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1342-1349
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of β-mannanase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, excreta microflora, blood constituents, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 680 one-d-old Ross 308 (as hatched) broiler chickens were used in a 35-d growth assay. Chicks were sorted into pens with 17 birds/pen and 10 pens/treatment. Treatment diets were contained either 44% or 48% crude protein (CP) soybean meal (SBM) with or without β-mannanase. Results: Using SBM containing 48% CP led to an improvement (p<0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 1 to 14. Addition of β-mannanase to the diets significantly improved body weight gain (BWG) and FCR from d 1 to 14. During overall experimental period, BWG was affected (p<0.05) by CP level of SBM and inclusion of β-mannanase, but FCR and feed intake were not affected. Carcass characteristics were not influenced by treatment diets. The results showed that digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and energy was not affected by CP level of SBM and/or inclusion of β-mannanase. Among essential amino acids (EAA) apparent digestibility of valine, methionine, and leucine improved (p<0.05) by the addition of β-mannanase to the diets. The results demonstrated that ileal digestibility of DM, N, and energy was not affected by treatment diets. Among EAA, the ileal digestibility of valine and arginine was higher (p<0.05) in the diets containing 48% CP SBM and/or β-mannanase. Excreta Lactobacillus count increased (p<0.05) by the addition of β-mannanase to the diets. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and total protein level were not affected by treatments. Conclusion: Feeding chickens with diets containing 44% CP SBM resulted in detrimental effects on growth performance and digestibility of nutrients, but addition of β-mannanase to the 44% CP diet improved the growth performance of chickens without any effects on carcass characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the Cu bioavailability, growth response, digestibility of nutrients, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks fed CuSO4 in nano or common forms. A total of 720 broiler chickens were distributed between eight treatments according to a completely randomized design. There were 8 treatments and 6 replicates in each treatment with 15 birds/replicate. The treatments were divided into common copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (INO) and hot-melt extruded copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (HME-Cu). The experiment was operated for 35 days in 2 phases (phase 1, d 0 to 14; and phase 2, d 15 to 35). No significant differences were shown in growth performance, feed intake, FCR, and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. The concentration of Cu in the serum was increased in the HME-Cu broilers compared with the INO broilers at phase 2. A linear increase was observed in the concentration of Cu in the liver in broilers fed INO diets, however, no significant differences were observed by the supplementation of HME-Cu levels. The linear increase was detected in the content of Cu in excreta in the INO and HME-Cu treatments by increasing the dietary Cu content. The HME-Cu treatments showed a lower Cu concentration in the excreta compared with the INO treatments. The higher bioavailability of Cu in HME form can decrease the recommended dose of Cu in broiler diets.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

The effect of feeding extracts from rhus trees on performance of broiler were performed to investigate development of natural antibiotic in process of broilers production. A total of 320 broiler chicks at 7 day of age were fed the commercial diet and water, water containing 0 ppm (control), 300 ppm (T1), 600 ppm (T2) and 1000 ppm (T3) of extracts from rims trees for 7 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improvement by feeding extracts from rims trees at 7 to 21 days of age (P<0.05), but amount of feed intake and mortality were not different among the four group. When 21 to 35 days of age, body weight gain, amount of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were almost same results when 7 to 21days of age, but it was not significantly different. When 35 to 49 days of age, body weight gain in T1 and T3 group was significantly improvement than control group (P<0.05), also feed conversion ratio was improve by feeding extracts from rhus trees. There was a decrease in the microflora population of both E coli. and salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces in broilers by feeding extracts from rhus trees. Emission of ammonia and VFA gas from excreta were significantly decreased at 5 to 10 days of storaged period (P<0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, and crude ash of feed were tend to increased in broiler feeding extracts from rims trees. Digestibility of crude protein of feed in broiler three treatmental groups was significantly improved (P<0.05) as compared with those in control group. These results indicated that the feeding extracts from rhus trees of 300 to 1000 ppm of broiler production were improvement in th6 body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality due to increasing nutrients digestibility from feed, decreasing of microflora population of both E coll. and salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces, decreasing emission of ammonia and VFA gas from excreta.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1215-1222
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• 2022

Objective: A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of silymarin seed extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality in broilers. Methods: A total of 1,088 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex) with an initial body weight of 42.34±0.82 g, were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 17 replicates of 16 chicks per cage and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of silymarin. Results: The inclusion of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the body weight of broilers during days 7 to 21 and 1 to 35 days. On day 35, broilers fed a diet containing graded levels of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen and cecal Lactobacillus counts (p = 0.038). While silymarin supplement linearly reduced the methyl mercaptans (p = 0.039) and acetic acid (p = 0.007) emission in broilers. No significant effects were observed on the blood profile. Relative weights of organs such as breast muscle, bursa of fabricius were increased (linear effect, p<0.05), water holding capacity was enhanced by increasing the silymarin level from 0% to 0.06%. A linear reduction (p>0.05) in drip loss from meat samples during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by the addition of graded level of silymarin to the diet. Conclusion: An increasing level of silymarin supplementation to the diet of broiler would be beneficial to enhance growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora, blood profile, and meat quality traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1000-1006
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• 2004

Selenium and vitamin E are micronutrients essential for normal health and maintenance in poultry. They are necessary in preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. Two experiments were conducted in a semi-commercial environment to examine the effect of Se source and vitamin E level in diet on broiler performance and meat quality. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU did not affect growth performance of broilers although the 24 h drip-loss was tended to be reduced (p=0.06). There was an interaction between vitamin E and the source of Se in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and Se concentration in excreta. Increasing vitamin E from 50 IU to 100 IU elevated GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 42 IU/g Hb and 0.9 ppm for the organic Se group, respectively, but reduced GSH-Px and Se concentration in excreta by 16 IU/g Hb and 1.3 ppm for inorganic group, respectively. Vitamin E played no role in the feather coverage of the birds when scored on day 37. Organic Se is more effective in improving feather score and 24 h drip-loss, with a markedly higher deposition rate in breast muscle and a lower excretion rate in the excreta (p<0.05) compared to the inorganic Se source. Both vitamin E and the source of Se did not affect (p>0.05) the energy utilisation by birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 1995

Broilers were fed diets supplemented with various levels of a probiotic (mixture of the following direct-fed microorganisms: Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Streptococcus). Growth performance, abdominal fat, excreta, and litter ammonia level were determined. The results showed that birds fed the probiotic-supplemented diets had better weight gain (p < 0.01) and feed conversion (gain:feed;p < 0.12) when compared to the birds fed the unsupplemented diet. No differences in feed intake and abdominal fat were observed among birds fed the different experimental diets. Excreta (p < 0.05) and litter (p < 0.01) ammonia levels were reduced by dietary probiotic supplementation. A dosage of 0.25 g of the probiotic/kg of diet is needed to maiximize growth performance during both the starter and finisher periods. A higher dosage (approximate 0.5 g/kg) is needed to minimize litter ammonia production.