Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0539

Silymarin seed extract supplementation enhances the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrients digestibility, and reduces gas emission in broilers  

Shanmugam, Sureshkumar (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
Park, Jae Hong (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
Cho, Sungbo (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
Kim, In Ho (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
Publication Information
Animal Bioscience / v.35, no.8, 2022 , pp. 1215-1222 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of silymarin seed extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality in broilers. Methods: A total of 1,088 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex) with an initial body weight of 42.34±0.82 g, were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 17 replicates of 16 chicks per cage and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% of silymarin. Results: The inclusion of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the body weight of broilers during days 7 to 21 and 1 to 35 days. On day 35, broilers fed a diet containing graded levels of silymarin supplementation linearly increased the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and nitrogen and cecal Lactobacillus counts (p = 0.038). While silymarin supplement linearly reduced the methyl mercaptans (p = 0.039) and acetic acid (p = 0.007) emission in broilers. No significant effects were observed on the blood profile. Relative weights of organs such as breast muscle, bursa of fabricius were increased (linear effect, p<0.05), water holding capacity was enhanced by increasing the silymarin level from 0% to 0.06%. A linear reduction (p>0.05) in drip loss from meat samples during days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by the addition of graded level of silymarin to the diet. Conclusion: An increasing level of silymarin supplementation to the diet of broiler would be beneficial to enhance growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora, blood profile, and meat quality traits.
Keywords
Blood Profile; Broiler; Meat Quality; Growth Performance; Silymarin;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Yan L, Meng QW, Kim IH. The effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2011;141:143-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.05.011   DOI
2 Balamuralikrishnan B, Sang IL, Kim IH. Inclusion of dietary multi-species probiotic on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality traits, faecal microbiota and diarrhoea score in growing-finishing pigs. Ital J Anim Sci 2018;17:100-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1340097   DOI
3 Nassuato G, Iemmolo RM, Strazzabosco M, et al. Effect of Silibinin on biliary lipid composition experimental and clinical study. J Hepatol 1991;12:290-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(91)90829-Z   DOI
4 Krecman V, Skottova N, Walterova D, Ulrichova J, Simanek V. Silymarin inhibits the development of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Planta Med 1998;64:138-42. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957391   DOI
5 Khazaei R, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M. A review on the mechanisms of the effect of silymarin in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on some laboratory animals. Vet Med Sci 2022;8:289-301. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.641   DOI
6 Ishamri I, Joo1 ST. Poultry meat quality in relation to muscle growth and muscle fiber characteristics. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017;37:873-83.   DOI
7 Sharma NK, Choct M, Dunlop MW, Wu SB, Castada HZ, Swick RA. Characterisation and quantification of changes in odorants from litter headspace of meat chickens fed diets varying in protein levels and additives. Poult Sci 2017;96:851-60. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew309   DOI
8 Chen H, Dong X, Yao Z, et al. Effects of prechilling parameters on water-holding capacity of chilled pork and optimization af prechilling parameters using response surface methodology. J Anim Sci 2012;90:2836-41. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4239   DOI
9 Hossain MM, Begum M, Kim IH. Effect of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus acidophilus endospores on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, microbial shedding and excreta noxious gas emission in broilers. Vet Med 2015;60:77-86. https://doi.org/10.17221/7981-VETMED   DOI
10 Reis JH, Gebert RR, Barreta M, et al. Effects of phytogenic feed additive based on thymol, carvacrol and cinnamic aldehyde on body weight, blood parameters and environmental bacteria in broilers chickens. Microb Pathog 2018;125:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.015   DOI
11 Duclos MJ, Berri C, Le Bihan-Duval E. Muscle growth and meat quality. J Appl Poult Res 2007;16:107-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/16.1.107   DOI
12 Sampath V, Shanmugam S, Park JH, Kim IH. The effect of black pepper (Piperine) extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Animals 2020;10:1965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111965   DOI
13 Kuralkar P, Kuralkar SV. Role of herbal products in animal production - an updated review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;278:114246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114246   DOI
14 Sureshkumar S, Sampath V, Kim IH. The influence of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in grower-finisher pigs. Acta Biochimica Polonica 2021;68:287-92. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2020_5564   DOI
15 Dhama K, Latheef SK, Mani S, et al. Multiple beneficial applications and modes of action of herbs in poultry health and production. A review. Int J Pharmacol 2015;11:152-76. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2015.152.176   DOI
16 Madrigal-Santillan E, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Alvarez-Gonzalez I, et al. Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:14787-804. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14787   DOI
17 Young JF, Stagsted J, Jensen SK, Karlsson AH, Henckel P. Ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poult Sci 2003;82:1343-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.8.1343   DOI
18 Chand N, Din M, Durrani FR, Qureshi MS, Ullah SS. Protective effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) against aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2011;24:1011-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10418   DOI
19 Tedesco D, Steidler S, Galletti S, Tameni M, Sonzogni O, Ravarotto L. Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2004;83:1839-43.   DOI
20 NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev. ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 1994.
21 Nguyen DH, Kim IH. Protected organic acids improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and decreased gas emission in broilers. Animals 2020;10:416. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030416   DOI
22 Park JH, Kim IH. Effects of dietary Achyranthes japonica extract supplementation on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020;99:463-70. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez533   DOI
23 Yang Y, Kiarie E, Slominski BA, Brule-Babel A, Nyachoti CM. Amino acid and fiber digestibility, intestinal bacterial profile, and enzyme activity in growing pigs fed dried distillers grains with solubles-based diets. J Anim Sci 2010;88:3304-12. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2318   DOI
24 Metwally MAA, El-Gellal AM, El-Sawaisi SM. Effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rats. World Appl Sci J 2009;6:1634-7.
25 Banaee M, Sureda A, Mirvaghefi AR, Rafei GR. Effects of long-term silymarin oral supplementation on the blood biochemical profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem 2011;37:885-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-011-9486-z   DOI
26 Fani Makki O, Afzali N, Omidi A. Effect of different levels of Silymarin (Silybum marianum) on growth rate, carcass variables and liver morphology of broiler chickens contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci J 2013;1:105-16.
27 Tumova L, Tuma J, Megusar K, Dolezal M. Substituted pyrazinecarboxamides as abiotic elicitors of flavolignan production in Silybum marianum (L.) gaertn cultures in vitro. Molecules 2010;15:331-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15010331   DOI
28 Khaleghipour B, Khosravinia H, Toghiyani M, Azarfar A. Effects of silymarin on productive performance, liver function and serum biochemical profile in broiler Japanese quail challenged with dietary aflatoxins. Ital J Anim Sci 2019;18:564-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1548310   DOI
29 Blevins S, Siegel PB, Blodgett DJ, Ehrich M, Saunders GK, Lewis RM. Effects of silymarin on gossypol toxicosis in divergent lines of chickens. Poult Sci 2010;89:1878-86. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00768   DOI
30 Schiavone A, Righi F, Quarantelli A, Bruni R, Serventi P, Fusari A. Use of Silybum marianum fruit extract in broiler chicken nutrition: influence on performance and meat quality. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2007;91:256-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00701.x   DOI
31 Srinivasan K. Spices as influencers of body metabolism: an overview of three decades of research. Food Res Int 2005;38:77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.09.001   DOI
32 Gates RS, Casey KD, Wheeler EF, Xin H, Pescatore AJ. U.S. broiler housing ammonia emissions inventory. Atmos Environ 2008;42:3342-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.057   DOI
33 Jahanian E, Mahdavi AH, Asgary S, Jahanian R. Effects of dietary inclusion of silymarin on performance, intestinal morphology and ileal bacterial count in aflatoxin-challenged broiler chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2017;101:e43-e54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12556   DOI
34 Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures. Poult Sci 2000;79:886-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.6.886   DOI
35 Zhu XY, Zhong T, Pandya Y, Joerger RD. 16S rRNA-based analysis of microbiota from the cecum of broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002;68:124-37. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.124-137.2002   DOI
36 Saeed M, Babazadeh D, Arif M, et al. Silymarin: a potent hepatoprotective agent in poultry industry. Worlds Poult Sci J 2017;73:483-92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000538   DOI
37 Jang IS, Ko YH, Kang SY, Lee CY. Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007;134:304-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.009   DOI