• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.437-446
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• 2014

In this study, the ultimate strengths of 13 slab-column joints and 51 torsional beams were evaluated to verify the validity of the strut-tie model approach presented in the companion paper. In addition, the design of the bridge pier subjected to multiple load combinations with longitudinal and lateral loads was conducted. The analysis results were compared with those by the provisions of BS 8110, ACI 318, and AASHTO-LRFD. The design results of the bridge pier were also compared with those by the provisions of ACI 318's sectional design method and AASHTO-LRFD's strut-tie model method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.583-594
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• 2018

Although a lot of experimental and analytical investigations have been carried out for steel bridge piers made of SS400 and SM490, the formulas available for SS400 and SM490 are not suitable for evaluating ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge piers made of high strength steel (HSS) SM570. The effect of various parameters is investigated in this paper, including plate width-to-thickness ratio, column slenderness ratio and axial compression force ratio, on the ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge box piers made of SM570 steel subjected to cyclic loading. The elasto-plastic behavior of the steel bridge piers under cyclic loads is simulated through plastic large deformation finite element analysis, in which a modified two-surface model (M2SM) including cyclic hardening is employed to trace the material nonlinearity. An extensive parametric study is conducted to study the influences of structural parameters on the ultimate load and deformation capacities. Based on these analytical investigations, new formulas for predicting ultimate load and deformation capacities of steel bridge piers made of SM570 are proposed. This study extends the ultimate load and deformation capacities evaluation of steel bridge piers from SS400, SM490 steels to SM570 steel, and provides some useful suggestions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2009

In this study, We analyze structural behavior feature of column under reinforced-bar and concrete strength and load conditions and analyze optimal column diameter and construction cost through parameter study. In case we use the 40MPa high strength concrete instead of 27MPa concrete in pier, the results show positive effect in appearance of pier and cost because of small column diameter and low construction cost. Also, practical effect is proved by applying this results in pier of Shin Hou Bridge on Hum-Sung ${\sim}$ Chung-Ju highway construction work.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

In the seismic designing of bridges, the pile foundation of bridge piers generally have been modeled to have a fixed end for its convenience and conservative designing. The fixed-end assumption, however, produces very conservative results in terms of the pier forces. Therefore, many other design methods are evolved to consider the flexibility of the pile foundation. In this study, the response spectrum analysis was performed for a bridge pier having a pile foundation. The shear force, moment, and displacement, which occurred at the pier column under an earthquake loading, were compared to analyze the effects of the modeling method, soil condition and the input earthquake response spectrum. In most cases, the fixed-end model gives larger design forces than flexible foundation models. However, when a long period earthquake is applied to the bridge pier on a soft clay foundation, it is found that the flexible foundation models give larger design forces than the fixed-end model. In the end, the reliability of several flexible foundation models was verified by comparing their results with those of a numerical analysis that considers the soil-structure interaction phenomenon in a rigorous manner.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1 s.47
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

Through the 1982 Urahawa-ohi and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes, a number of bridge columns were observed to develop a flexural-shear failure due to the bond slip as a consequence of premature termination of the column longitudinal reinforcement. Because the seismic behavior of RC bridge piers is largely dependent on the performance of the plastic hinge legion of RC bridge piers, it is desirable that the seismic capacity of RC bridge pier is to evaluate as a curvature ductility. The provision for the lap splice of longitudinal steel was not specified in KHBDS(Korea Highway Bridge Design Specification) before the implementation of 1992 seismic design code, but the lap splice of not more than 50%, longitudinal reinforcement was newly allowed in the 2005 version of the KHBDS. The objective of this research is to investigate the distribution and ductility of the curvature of RC bridge column with the lap splice of longitudinal reinforcement in the plastic hinge legion. Six (6) specimens were made in 600 mm diameter with an aspect ratio of 2.5 or 3.5. These piers were cyclically subjected to the quasi-static loads with the uniform axial load of $P=0.1f_{ck}A_g$. According to the slip failure of longitudinal steels of the lap spliced specimen by cyclic loads, the curvatures of the lower and upper parts of the lap spliced region were bigger and smaller than the corresponding paris of the specimen without a lap splice, respectively. Therefore, the damage of the lap spliced test column was concentrated almost on the lower part of the lap spliced region, that appeared io be failed in flexure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1001-1024
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• 2014

The size of spread footings was found to be unnecessarily large from some actual engineering practices constructed in Taiwan, due to the strict design provisions related to footing uplift. According to the earlier design code in Taiwan, the footing uplift involving separation of footing from subsoil was permitted to be only up to one-half of the foundation base area, as the applied moment reaches the value of plastic moment capacity of the column. The reason for this provision was that rocking of spread footings was not a favorable mechanism. However, recent research has indicated that rocking itself may not be detrimental to seismic performance and, in fact, may act as a form of seismic isolation mechanism. In order to clarify the effects of the relative strength between column and foundation on the rocking behavior of a column, six circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns were designed and constructed and a series of rocking experiments were performed. During the tests, columns rested on a rubber pad to allow rocking to take place. Experimental variables included the dimensions of the footings, the strength and ductility capacity of the columns and the intensity of the applied earthquake. Experimental data for the six circular RC columns subjected to quasi-static and pseudo-dynamic loading are presented. Results of each cyclic loading test are compared against the benchmark test with fixed-base conditions. By comparing the experimental responses of the specimens with different design details, a key parameter of rocking behavior related to footing size and column strength is identified. For a properly designed column with the parameter higher than 1, the beneficial effects of rocking in reducing ductility and the strength demand of columns is verified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

As girders and towers in cable-stayed bridges are subject to bending moments as well as axial forces, the conventional load rating equation, which considers only the single force effect, cannot be used to evaluate the rating factors of cable-stayed bridges. The load rating equation for components in cable-stayed bridges is not currently established yet. In this paper, we propose load rating equations for girders and towers in cable-stayed bridges using the interaction equations for beam-column members. Moving load analyses were performed for the cases of a maximum axial compressive force, maximum positive moment and maximum negative moment for each component in cable-stayed bridges and detailed procedures to apply proposed equations were presented. The Dolsan Grand Bridge was used to verify the validity of proposed equations. The conventional load rating equation overestimates rating factors of girders and towers in the Dolsan Grand Bridge, whereas proposed equations properly reflect the axial-flexural interaction behaviour of girders and towers in cable-stayed bridges.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1A
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

This study presents the seismic risk assesment for an extradosed bridge with seismic isolators of lead rubber bearings(LRB). First, the seismic vulnerability of a structure and then the seismic hazard of the site are evaluated using earthquake data set and seismic hazard map in Korea, and then the seismic risk of the structure is assessed. The nonlinear seismic analyses are carried out to consider plastic hinges of bridge columns and nonlinear characteristics of soil foundation. The ductility demand is adopted to describe the nonlinear behavior of a column, and the moment-curvature curve of a column is assumed to be bilinear hysterestic. The fragility curves are represented as a log-normal distribution function for column damage, movement of superstructure, and cable yielding. And seismic hazard is estimated using the available seismic hazard maps. The results show that the effectiveness of the seismic isolators for the columns is more noticeable than those for cables and girders, in seismic isolated extradosed bridges under earthquakes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

Short reinforced concrete bridge piers are particularly susceptible to shear failure as a consequence of the high shear/moment ratio and conservatism in the flexural strength design of existing RC bridge pier, which were constructed before 1992. In addition, shear failure is brittle and involves rapid strength degradation. Inelastic shear deformation is thus unsuitable fur ductile seismic response. It is, however, believed that there are not many experimental research works fur shear failure of the existing RC bridge pier in Korean peninsula subjected to earthquake motions. The object of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of existing circular RC bridge piers by the quasi-static test. Existing RC bridge piers were moderate seismically designed in accordance with the conventional provisions of Korea Highway Design Specification. This study has been performed to verify the effect of aspect ratio (column height-diameter ratio). Quasi-static test has been done to investigate the physical seismic performance of RC bridge piers, such as lateral force-displacement hysteric curve, envelope curve etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.941-946
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• 2002

Short reinforced concrete bridge piers are particularly susceptible to shear failure as a consequence of the high shear/moment ratio and conservatism in the flexural strength design of existing RC bridge pier, which were constructed before 1992. In addition, shear failure is brittle and involves rapid strength degradation. Inelastic shear deformation is thus unsuitable for ductile seismic response. It is, however, believed that there are not many experimental research works for shear failure of the existing RC bridge pier in Korean peninsula subjected to earthquake motions. The object of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of existing circular RC bridge piers by the quasi-static test. Existing RC bridge piers were moderate seismically designed in accordance with the conventional provisions of Korea Highway Design Specification. This study has been performed to verify the effect of aspect ratio (column height-diameter ratio). Quasi-static test has been done to investigate the physical seismic performance of RC bridge piers, such as lateral force-displacement hysteric curve, envelope curve etc.