• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of surface-treatment by zinc salts on break-through and adsorption capacity of toluene. Firstly, the coconut activated carbon treated the surface with zinc salts, were exposed by the spike sample(toluene, 69.02ppm, $260.1mg/m^3$), and then the effects of zinc salts were examined by using the gas adsorption kinetics. The results obtained were as follows : 1) BET(Brumaure Emmett Teller) surface area were $954.4m^3/g$ in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$, and $830.3m^2/g$ in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$. 2) Migration was decreased in coconut activated carbon treated with the thin level of zinc salts. 3) Breakthrough volume were 73.07 L in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$, and 72.76 L in charcoal treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$. 4) ${\tau}$ values(the time required for 50% breakthrough) were 1046.1 min in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$ and 921.2 min in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$. 5) Maximum adsorption capacity was 53.9 mg/tube in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $ZnCl_2$ and 47.4 mg/tube in coconut activated carbon treated with 0.0001 N $Zn(NO_3)_3$ $6H_2O$. In conclusion, the coconut activated carbon treated the surface with the thin concentration of zinc salts, decreased the breakthrough and increased the BET surface area and the adsorption capacity in case of sampling airborne toluene.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.47-85
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• 2009

With a relatively simple quantitative method, this study comprehensively analyzes the characteristics related to business cycles represented by macroeconomic variables of Korea since 1970. This empirical analysis deals with roughly following three topics: How to identify cyclical component with respect to trend; with what characteristics and how the economic variables of each sector move with in the phases of business cycle, and; whether there are signs of a structural change in the phases of business cycle. Section 2 discusses how to identify trends and cycle components, the basis assumption for the analysis of business cycle. Like the Korean economy, where a relatively high growth rate has been maintained, it is appropriate to determine its economic recession based on the fall in the growth trend, not in the absolute level of real output. And, it is necessary to apply the concept of growth cycle against a traditional concept of business cycle. Accordingly the setting of growth trend is of preliminary importance in identifying cyclical fluctuations. The analysis of Korea's GDP data since 1970, the decomposition of trends and cycles through the Band-pass filter is found to appropriately identify the actual phases of busyness cycle. Section 3 analyzes what particular relationship various economic variables have with output fluctuations during the phases of economic cycle, using the corss-correlation coefficients and prediction contribution. Section 4 monitors the stability of the phases of Korea's business cycle and quantitatively verifies whether there is a structural break, and then reviews the characteristics of variations in each sector. And, stylized facts observed through these studies are summarized in the conclusion. The macroeconomic stability of Korea, in particular, is found to continue to improve since 1970, except for the financial crisis period. Not only that, it is found that its volatility of economic growth rate as well as inflation have been reduced gradually. Meanwhile, until recently since 2000, the volatility in domestic demand has remained stable, while that in exports and imports has been increased slightly. But, in an over all perspective, Korea's business cycle variation is on the decline due to shorter response period to shocks and the formation of complementary relationship among economic sectors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.57-70
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• 2014

The study proposes an exploratory analysis on the success of animation films in Korea industry. It identifies animation films that have been successful in the Korean film industry during 2004-2013 period and explores (1) how the number of screens allocated to the films have been changed; (2) what are the major factors that influence the success of the films; (3) what are the differences between Japan and the US animation in terms of plots and genres; and (4) how the characteristics of the US animations are related to the success of the US market, the global market, and Korean market. Analyses show that the number of screens allocated to the animation films has been consistently increased due to the vertical integration of Korean film industry; and the (FTA) period, months in year (summer and winter break months for middle and high school students), and the number of screens allocated to the films were the major factors influencing the financial success of animations. It also finds that specific characteristics embedded in its own cultural trait were shown in the plots and genres in the animations. Lastly the study also finds that specific set of characteristics extracted from IMDB site influence certain markets. Budgets and actor's power were found to influence the success in the US market while period (pre-FTA, FTA, post-FTA) only influence the success in Korean market. The study points out that the success of the US and Japan animations in Korean film industry are due to the historicity of animation cultures which are not found in Korean animation industry.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-106
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• 1983

After accepting the modernized western culture, we, the Koreans, had traditionally patriarchal valuation on the family life, which has been changed into modernize on in these days. Under these circumstances, we examined into family consciousness of workmen, office workers and student of universities in Pusan with questioning papers by inquiring their general views of family, marriage, family planning , and inheritance. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. General views of family 1)Most of them prefer nuclear family to gross one in structure of family. In decision of family's affairs, the lower educated persons want an unilateral relationship, which means unconditional obdience to their parent's opinion. they are more concerned about the profit of the family than that of individual. on the other hand, they want 2-generations nuclear family system. 2) Concerning children's future affairs, they want compromising method. 2. Views of Marriage 1) Date with the other sex motivated their desire to improve social adaptation and social association. 17-19 year old students regard date as a preparatory stage of marriage. They consider it most desirable date to enjoy free conversation each other. They hope their date partners are high educated. 2) The conditions of mate selection are in order character, health, vitality in living, appearance and education. The less educated placed an emphasis on vitality in living. 3) They are not much interested in marital harmony. If parents are against their marriage an account of bad marital harmony, they will take into consideration about it. 4) They wish to keep purity before marriage, as possible. They want engagement period of 6 months. Any agreeable reasons shall compel them to break off their appointment. 5) they consider it ideal for mate's age to be 26-30 years old, and also think it affirmative to follow their parent's agreement in marriage. It is considerable that they put off their marriage only because they have lots of work to do before marriage. 6)Marriage declaration is to be made on the wedding day. It still exists that they don't want to marry when they are inth same surname and family tree. But it is clear that they don't regard it as the reason of breaking off the betrothal. 3. Family Planning 1) They are willing to agree to the campaign "just two is enough". They want a son and a daughter. Even though they have two daughters, they won's bear child to get son. 2) the lower educated persons are ignorant of the method of birth control. 4. Inheritance 1)Most of them say householder inheritance is to be kept up continuously. It is reasonable that anyone who can afford to perform religious service should bear it responsibility. 2)They don't want the difference in inheritance as the conscious to the conscious of the equality of the sexes spread widely into our society, but it is worthy of notice that some of them still don't mind unequal treatment. 3) When they have no child, the property inheritances are in order his wife and his parents. According to above mentions, we conclude like this: Their consciousness of marital harmony, marriage, family planning and inheritance shows definitely passive rationism in the transitional stage which is mixed with western individualism and traditional feudalism. On account of being lack of steady fast self-conscience, they can not make their positive reaction on anything. Finally, we should make every possible efforts to have our firm self-conscience through the re-education.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.97-107
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• 2009

Television News has significant impact on the information analysis of viewers by delivering world news to anonymous individuals everyday. We need to pay more attention to resolution considering the fact that even slight facial expression and the dress of TV anchor can be noticed by viewers in the high definition age, called HD TV, by radical changes in broadcasting situation. As a result, the beauty of expression that lighting technology has is extremely important in the high definition age. In news broadcast, as a phenomenon according to this change in trend, people have been looking for change in order to break with traditional TV news production by adopting DLP(Digital Lighting Processing) or LED(Light Emitting Diode). This effort has contributed to creating proper picture quality appropriate for HD TV. Nowadays Digital imaging is creating new trend in TV news production method from traditional analog-based lighting environment thanks to the development of IT(Information Technology) and digitalized lighting equipment. This change has led to building of HD studio and appropriate sets and lighting system. There are film set and projector which projects image on the screen and PDP, LCD, and DLP which has been used widely in recent years and LED which is often used as background in news program as examples, which has appeared since 1990s with HD TV. In this article, I analyzed the KBS News 9 lnce 1990s with in order to research the influence of television image component on the alyzed the KBS of TV article, I. I wille uggest the category of TV anchor image formulation in delivering information by means of lnce 1990s with based on the analysis result.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 1989

The amount of the Korean export & import in 1987 reached $88.3 billion which was 1.75% of the total world trade and the proportion of foreign dependence to G.N.P was 74.5%. From these facts, we can infer that the development of national economy is largely dependent upon trade. Therefore the role of transportation, especially Ocean transportation, as a basis of economic development through trade is one of the main factors that can not be passed over. Here, We can define that a port as a subsystem of transportation determines the efficiency of the total transportation system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to contribute in improvement of the efficiency in port, reinforcement of the international competitiveness for exporting goods by the analysis of the cargo handling charges. In order to do this, this paper deals the case of B.C.T.O.C. Furthermore, this study gives some important informations related to the level of tariffs for establishing an autonomous port administration. The Summary of the conclusions of this paper is as follows ; 1) The object of port administration in Korea has been emphasized on the maximization of efficiency in using the port facilities. Nowadays, however, it should be moved to a direction that port is operated under the compound aims considering the public interests and economy. 2) For a criterian of tariff calculation, A tariff system based on the cost accounting is desirable. In general it is recommended that the cost for construction, management, and operation of port is compensated by the revenue from port operation. Therefore, it is necessary for the administration bodies of each port to establish a tariff system on the basis of the independent profit system. 3) For the investigation of actors of tariff adjustment by the Break-even point analysis, (1) When we conducted the B.E.P analysis using total cost as cost term, we got 3.8% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 1.5% discount at 15% of rate. when we set the target profit rate as 17% we could have the proper tariff level. (2) When using operating cost as cost term, we got 13.1% discount in tariff at 12% of target profit rate and 10.9% discount at 15% of rate. When setting the target profit rat as 28%, we could have the proper tariff level. 4) Comparing with the tariffs of foreign ports for the basic terminal rate, The tariff level of B.C.T.O.C showed 33% of stevedoring charge and 80% of marshalling charge incurred at Kobe port. The comparison with Singapore port gave 50% of transhipment charge and 17% - 20 % of stevedoring charge. 5) We found that the financial structure of B.C.T.O.C was better than those of other companies and the worth fixed assets ratio was too low. The fact of low worth fixed assets ratio implies that the cargo handling facilities should be increased. Moreover, The return of assets for B.T.T.O.C was good but non-operating expenses were still contained too much in. Therefore, we think that it is necessary for B.C.T.O.C. to rationalize business management. Although the present cargo handing charge for B.C.T.O.C is a proper level in terms of a public corporation, for the final recommendation in connection to the results, It is required to take the rationalization process for business management.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 1999

The seasonal distribution of Maurolicus muelleri eggs and larvae were determined using samples collected from the Korea Strait and the southern part of the East Sea in May and November, 1992, August, 1993, and January, 1994. The eggs were most abundant in summer and the larvae in spring, while, their abundance was low in winter. The eggs were mainly found from in all season around sea of the front area of latitude $35{\sim}36^{\circ}N$ and the West Channel of the Korea Strait found the middle or bottom water lower than $15^{\circ}C$. The seasonal distribution of the eggs in the western Korea Strait varied according to the structure of the bottom cold water of the Korea Strait. The M. muelleri larvae in different stage were most abundant in the front area of latitude $35{\sim}36^{\circ}N$. The spawning and hatching area of the M. muelleri was considered to be the front area located in the shelf break, and some eggs can be transported into the Korea Strait by westward cold bottom current in summer. The Korea Strait would be the southern margin of the distribution of Maurolicus muelleri eggs and larvae of the East Sea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

This research was carried out to investigate frost damage of mulberry tree (Morus alba) according to topographic characteristics in Buan province. The first bud-break, leafing, blooming and harvest date of mulberry tree in 2010 were two, four, fourteen and eight days later than those in 2009, respectively. These results were that daily mean temperature during March and April in 2010 were lower than those in 2009 by $2.3^{\circ}C$ and $2.4^{\circ}C$. Frost damage of orchards at flat-bottomed valley, flat near hill and lake, and plain were 50.0%,12.0%, and 4.2%, respectively. Also, frost damage of branch of below 15 mm in diameter was serious than that of branch over 16 mm, but orchard at flat-bottomed valley was high as the range of 46.2~54.0%. These results in 2010 were caused by occurrence of below zero temperatures in leafing stage. Since then, many shoots came out at accessary bud on proximal and the top part of the branches. Therefore, frost damage of mulberry tree in Buan province in 2010 was caused by occurrence of below zero temperatures on April and topographic characteristics of orchard.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.395-402
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• 2011

As the consumer market for odor products grows, companies producing healthcare products are beginning to pay more attention to the emotional aspect of an odor product in order to differentiate their products from competitors. In the following research, the affective effect of odor product was investigated while focusing on relaxation and working contexts using orange and pine scents, since these are typical odors in current domestic market. Two empirical studies were carried out. First, in experiment I, 18 subjects, all of whom were university students, spent 20 minutes sitting comfortably on a sofa while electrocardiogram assessments were made. After a five-minute break, in experiment II, the same subjects were provided with both arithmetic and geometric questions and their electroencephalogram readings was recorded from eight channels. All subjects participated in three sessions - no odor, an orange scent, and then a pine scent - with a minimum time interval of 24 hours. The results show that in the context of a pine scent, both the activation ratio of subjects' parasympathetic system and those of the Sensory Motor Rhythm waves and Mid Beta waves were at the highest peak. Therefore, the pine scent helped the subjects to feel more comfortable and more focused at the same time. In other words, it gave them a state of meditated attention. In addition, it was found that the right brain was activated twice the intensity when the subjects worked through the geometric questions, whereas both sides of the brain were activated in equal magnitude during the process of arithmetic tasks. This replicates previous studies of the functional aspect of the right brain - being responsible for spatial and creative thinking.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2018

We use two different methods for laboratory propagation from seed of lady's slipper orchid(Cypripedium macranthos Sw.); immature seed which also called green capsule or fully mature seed about 120~130 days from pollination. In green capsule culture, the seed pods should be collected within precisely right time. The right time of seed collection could be diverse under the wether conditions or nutritional factors of the plants. In fully matured seed culture, the more complicated procedures are needed to break the dormancy of the seed; thermal or chemical treatment. The seedlings in this study were easily germinated from immature seeds in Harvais medium; 53 days after pollination(DAP) in Cypripedium pubescens, DAP 65 in C. parviflorum and C. macranthos. The germinated seedlings were transplanted to hormone free media immediately to avoid abnormal growth of seedlings. When the seedlings have roots with a minimum length of around 2-3cm and have visible dormant buds, the seedlings were removed from the flask and stored in refrigerator for vernalization. To examine the correlation of seedlings and maternal plants, the 125 seedlings of C. macranthos were transplanted in the soil bed at a distance of 20-100 cm from mother plants on April 20. The survival rate of seedlings were 92% in 20 cm distance from the ripe plants, and 56 % in 100 cm distance. The seedlings which were transplanted near mother plants showed vigorous growth in plant height, leaf width, and especially dormant buds. Considering the existence of mycorrhiza which is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a orchid vascular, the various fungus from mother plants could affect the growth of the seedlings. These results indicate the possibility of high and stable production and practical industrialization of endangered lady's slipper orchids.