• Title/Summary/Keyword: Branches

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Experimental Study on Transformation of IPF and Pressure Drop in Branches with Ice Slurry (아이스슬러리의 분기관내 압력손실과 IPF 변화에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 박기원;최현웅;노건상;정재천
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.272-279
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    • 2003
  • This study aimed to understand the effects of transporting ice slurry Particles through Pipes with branches. The experimental apparatus was constructed as ice slurry mixing tank. vortex pump, manometers for differential pressure measuring. IPF(ice packing factor) measuring instruments and branches as test sections. The experiments were carried out under various conditions. with concentration of water solution ranging between 0∼20wt% and velocity of water solution at the entry ranging between 1.5∼2.5m/s. The differential Pressure and IPF between the pipe entry and exit were measured. and flowing form was checked throughout the experiment. The pressure loss in 3d branches appeared compared with 6d branches so that it was very high. In the pressure loss of the inside and outside of branches. 6d branches was showed the difference. but was agreed in 3d branches The pressure loss according to concentration of water solution, low value appeared at 10wt% in 6d branches, at 20wt% in 3d branches. The pressure loss according to velocity, did not show large difference. The change of IPF at outlet, appeared +15∼-25% in 6d branches and 0∼-20% in 3d branches. The difference of IPF at the inside and outside of branches. appeared 10∼15% in 6d branches and maximum 5% in 3d branches.

Studies on the Phrenic Nerve Fibers in the dog II. On the Myelinated Fibers of the Intradiaphragmatic Branches (개의 횡격막신경섬유(橫隔膜神經纖維)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제(第)II보(報) 횡격막신경(橫隔膜神經)의 횡격막내분기(橫隔膜內分技)의 유수섬유(有髓纖維)에 관(關)하여)

  • Ko, Kwang Doo;Yoon, Suk Bong;Lee, Joon Sup
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1969
  • The experimental studies were performed to observe the characteristics of the myelinated nerve fibers of the tradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves in dog In the work to be reported five mixed breed Korean dog were used, they were one year old and he body eights were about 12 Kgm. in average with healthy conditions. The specimens (nerve) were taken at the point of 1.5 cm posterior part from the left and right phrenic nerves entrance to the diaphragm, and the dorso-lateral and dorso-medial branches of phrenic nerves vere also, taken at the point of 0.5 cm distal part from their branching portion. The specimens were fixed for 24 hrs. in Flemming's solution, and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin section. were cut at 6 microns and stained with Walter's modification of Weigert-pal method for the myelinated fibers. Microphotographs were taken and enlarged into 750 times of the actual size, and the diameter of the photographic images of the myelinated fibers were measured by the scale on the transparent Percepex Plate. The following conclusions were made: 1. The percentage of distribution of the several intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were as follows. Ventral branches were 34.97%, lateral branches were 37.90%, dorsal branches were 27.13%, and the dorsal branches were branched again into dorso-lateral branches(54.22%) and dorso-medial branches (45. 78%). 2. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left ventral branches were $490.80{\pm}12$, and at the right ventral branches were $486.6{\pm}13$. Total average cross sectional area on the left ventral branches were 38,000. $6{\pm}136{\mu}^2$, and the right ventral branches were $37,150.2{\pm}1.782{\mu}^2$. 3. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left lateral branches were $533.8{\pm}8$, and at the right lateral branches were $525.6{\pm}7$. Total average cross sectional area of the left lateral branches were $41,582{\pm}1,170{\mu}^2$, and the right lateral branches were $40,454.8{\pm}812{\mu}^2$. 4. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left dorsal branches were $378.2{\pm}14$, and at the right dorsal branches were $380.2{\pm}8$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorsal branches were $27,771{\pm}1,256{\mu}^2$, and the right dorsal branches were $27,507.2{\pm}645{\mu}^2$. 5. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated fibers at the left dorso-lateral branches were $205.4{\pm}15$, and at the right dorso-lateral branches were $210.6{\pm}17$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorso lateral branches were $15,354. 8{\pm}1,519{\mu}^2$, and the right dorsal branches were $15,887{\pm}1,297{\mu}^2$. 6. The mean value and S.D. of the total numbers of the myelinated nerve fibers at the left dorso-medial branches were $175{\pm}14$, and at the right dorso-medial branches were $176.2{\pm}17$. Total average cross sectional area of the left dorso-medial branches were $13,037.4{\pm}944{\mu}^2$, and at the right dorso-medial branches were, $13,103{\pm}1,373{\mu}^2$. 7. The highest frequent distribution of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were found in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups, and they were almost 30% of the total groups. 8. The largest fibers diameter were in the $14-16{\mu}^2$ groups, and these were shown the lowest frequent distribution. 9. The largest cross sectional area of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were found in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups. 10. All of the intradiaphragmatic branches of phrenic nerves were unimodal which has a peak in the $10-12{\mu}^2$ groups.

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Location of Ulnar Nerve Branches to the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris during Surgery for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

  • Won Seok, Lee;Hee-Jin, Yang;Sung Bae, Park;Young Je, Son;Noah, Hong;Sang Hyung, Lee
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.66 no.1
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    • pp.90-94
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    • 2023
  • Objective : Cubital tunnel syndrome, the most common ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy, is usually managed by simple decompression or anterior transposition. One of the concerns in transposition is damage to the nerve branches around the elbow. In this study, the location of ulnar nerve branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was assessed during operations for cubital tunnel syndrome to provide information to reduce operation-related complications. Methods : A personal series (HJY) of cases operated for cubital tunnel syndrome was reviewed. Cases managed by transposition and location of branches to the FCU were selected for analysis. The function of the branches was confirmed by intraoperative nerve stimulation and the location of the branches was assessed by the distance from the center of medial epicondyle. Results : There was a total of 61 cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, among which 31 were treated by transposition. Twenty-one cases with information on the location of branches were analyzed. The average number of ulnar nerve branches around the elbow was 1.8 (0 to 3), only one case showed no branches. Most of the cases had one branch to the medial head, and one other to the lateral head of the FCU. There were two cases having branches without FCU responses (one branch in one case, three branches in another). The location of the branches to the medial head was 16.3±8.6 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (16 branches; range, 0 to 35 mm), to the lateral head was 19.5±9.5 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (19 branches; range, -5 to 30 mm). Branches without FCU responses were found from 20 mm proximal to the medial condyle to 15 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (five branches). Most of the branches to the medial head were 15 to 20 mm (50% of cases), and most to the lateral head were 15 to 25 mm (58% of cases). There were no cases of discernable weakness of the FCU after operation. Conclusion : In most cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, there are ulnar nerve branches around the elbow. Although there might be some cases with branches without FCU responses, most branches are to the FCU, and are to be saved. The operator should be watchful for branches about 15 to 25 mm distal to the medial epicondyle, where most branches come out.

Panicle characteristics of Japonica × Indica type rice according to planting density

  • Park, Hong-Kyu;Ku, Bon-Il;Hwang, Jae-Bok;Bae, Hui-Su;Park, Tae-Seon;Choi, In-Bae;Kim, Hak-Sin;Lee, Geon-Hwi
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.232-232
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    • 2017
  • Rice yields are determined by the number of spikes per unit area, the number of rice per grain, the rate of ripening, and the weight of brown rice gravel. Among these yield components, the most important factor that reflects the characteristics of rice is the number of rice per grain and the number of rice per grain. The characteristics of rice panicle are influenced by genetic factors rather than environmental factors and revealed that it had different genetic characteristics in each of Japonica, Indica and Japonica ${\times}$ Indica type. In general, the number of rice per grain is affected by number of secondary rachis branches and generated spikelets number of secondary rachis branches. This study conducted to investigate the characteristics of the grain according to the planting density of two varieties of Jap. ${\times}$ Ind. type. Number of primary rachis branches and number of primary rachis branches of Palbangmi variety were 9.9 ~ 10.6 and 53.4 ~ 58.5, respectively. Number of secondary rachis branches and number of secondary rachis branches were 25.8 ~ 29.6, 85.8 ~ 101.4, Number of tertiary rachis branch and number of tertiary rachis branches were 1.0 ~ 2.4 and 2.0 ~ 6.1, respectively. Number of primary rachis branches and number of primary rachis branches of Semimyeon variety were 8.6 ~ 9.5 and 43.1 ~ 47.8, respectively. Number of secondary rachis branches and number of secondary rachis branches were 21.0 ~ 24.9, 66.2 ~ 77.9, Number of tertiary rachis branch and number of tertiary rachis branches were 1.6 ~ 2.6 and 3.8 ~ 6.3, respectively. The ratio of the spikelets of primary, secondary and tertiary rachis branches of Palbangmi variety were 37.7 ~ 39.4, 58.0 ~ 60.5 and 1.2 ~ 3.1%, respectively, and those of Semimyeon were 40.1 ~ 42.6 55.0 ~ 56.4 and 2.5 ~ 3.4% respectively. Number of primary and secondary rachis branches of Palbangmi variety showed no difference among the planting density. However, generated spikelets number of secondary rachis branches and ripening rate were higher with lower planting density. The number of secondary rachis branches and generated spikelets number of secondary rachis branches per acre decreased as the planting density increased in the Semimyeon variety

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Effect of Number of Branches on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) Grown in Long Term Bag -Culture (단고추의 장기 자루식 양액재배시 분지수가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 김경제;나상욱;우인식;신동기;문창식;김진한
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.92-96
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    • 1997
  • This study was carried out to clarify the effects of number of branches per pot on the growth and yield in long term bag-culture of sweet pepper. Two plants were grown in pot with four, six, and eight branches. The results are summarized as the followings : 1. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, and stem dry weight did not significantly differ among treatments, while the number of leaves and leaf area were the greatest In the treatment with eight branches per pot. 2. Although fruit length was not influenced by the number of branches per pot, fruit diameter and fruit weight were greater with four branches per pot. The yield of the four branches was 124.5ton/ha, which was not significantly different from the yield of the eight branches, 113.4ton/ha. Considering the average fruit weight, fruit quality, and labor saving, four branches per pot appears to be appropriate. 3. Although the yield of eight branches per pot during the first five months was higher, however, four branches per pot should be recommended for the long term bag- culture of sweet pepper because the yield of the four branches from April, which is the middle stage of growth to the final harvest was higher than the yields of the others.

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대구시 공공도서관 분관 봉사권역 설정에 관한 연구-대구권을 중심으로 한 이론적 모형

  • 손정표
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.6
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    • pp.105-140
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    • 1979
  • This study is an attempt to present a model of the effective service area for branch library system planning in Dae Gu city as one of large urban public libraries in Korea. This model is built up through the analysis of the distribution of population and characteristics of community structure, based on the standard for the branch library system of a public library. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Under the circumstances of this country, each radius of the effective service area for branch libraries are as follows; $1{\sim}1.5km$. is adequate for the central library and major branches; 1km. for neighborhood branches; $0.5{\sim}0.8km$. for sub-branches. 2. Population within the radius of the effective service area of a given branch may range from 80,000 to 100,000 for major branches, from 50,000 to 60,000 for neighborhood branches, and from 20,000 to 30,000 for sub-branches. 3. The radius of the outer boundary for the effective service area may be between 4km. and 5km. from the heart of the city, and the inner boundary, 13.km. 4. Areas with the radius between 2km. and 3km. from the heart of the city may be selected as the most effective locations for branch libraries, and between 3km. and 4km. as the next priority. 5. The number of service areas may be 14, that is, 7 major branches(Sinam, Sinchun, Susung, Daemyung, Naedang, Dalsung, Rowon), 2 neighborhood branches (Pyungri, Nambu), and 5 sub-branches(Chimsan, Sangiuk, Bongduk, Hyomok, Dongchon)

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Determinants of Retail Banking Efficiency: A Case of Vietcombank Branches in the Mekong-Delta Region

  • LE, Thi Thu Diem
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.7 no.7
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    • pp.439-451
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    • 2020
  • This study focused on researching the factors affecting retail banking efficiency of Vietcombank branches in the Mekong-Delta region. By collecting data from financial statements from 15 branches of VCB in the Mekong-Delta Region between 2015 and 2018, the paper applies DEA estimation to measure the effectiveness of retail banking activities and uses the Tobit regression model to identify factors affecting retail banking efficiency. The results demonstrate that the retail banking efficiency of branches averaged 52.5% during the period. The rating result shows the branches in An Giang, Can Tho, Dong Thap, Kien Giang, Long An, Phu Quoc and Tra Noc rank at the top technical efficiency. In group of medium efficiency, there are branches in Soc Trang, Tien Giang and Vinh Long. In the category of the poor efficiency are the branches in Bac Lieu, Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Chau Doc and Tra Vinh. The results also show that bank scale-related factors, capital adequacy, credit quality, time specific and region impact significantly the retail banking efficiency. The research not, only contributes to enriching the empirical research method but also is significant for the management activities in business developing strategies, improving the operational efficiency of Vietcombank in the region.

Inflorescence Habits of Different Plant Types in Peanut (땅콩의 초형별 개화습성)

  • 배석복;김종진
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.841-848
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to investigate the inflorescence habit mainly on major in farmer's peanut cultivar of the Shinpung plant type "Daekwang" of sequential branching and the Virginia plant type "Daepung" of alternate branching until maximum flowering dates. All flowers of two pairs of opposite branch in "Daekwang" showed almost symmetrical flowering order and in "Daepung" also showed similar tendency though it had somewhat irregalar alternate branching type in opposite branches. The lowest node in each branch had seven flowers while upper nodes had less flowers in this period. The first flower in "Daekwang" was born at first node of second branch of cotyledonary branches compared to those of "Daepung" at first reproductive branch of cotyledonary branches. One pair of cotyledonary branches had two-thirds of total flowers in two cultivars. Dates of average flower proceeding between nodes in each branch of "Daekwang" were appeared 4.32 days in main axil, 1st and 2nd opposite primary branches were 4.44 and 5.13 days, and 1st and 2nd secondary branches were 5.81 and 6.41 days respectively, but "Daepung" showed similar flower proceeding dates in all branches. but "Daepung" showed similar flower proceeding dates in all branches.

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A Morphometric Study on Cadaveric Aortic Arch and Its Major Branches in 25 Korean Adults : The Perspective of Endovascular Surgery

  • Shin, Il-Young;Chung, Yong-Gu;Shin, Won-Han;Im, Soo-Bin;Hwang, Sun-Chul;Kim, Bum-Tae
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.78-83
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    • 2008
  • Objective : To understand the anatomic characteristics of the aortic arch (AA) and its major branches to build a foundation toward performing endovascular surgery safely. Methods : A total of 25 formalin fixed Korean adult cadavers were used. The authors investigated : anatomical variations of the AA and its major branches; curvature of the AA; distance from the mid-vertebrae line to the origin of the major branches; distances from the origin of the major branches of AA to the origin of its distal branches; and the angle of the three major branches, the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and the left subclavian artery (LSCA) arising from AA. Results : The three major branches directly originated from AA in 21 (84%) of the cadavers. In two (8%) of remaining four cadavers. orifice of LCCA was slightly above the stem of BCT. In remaining two (8%) cadavers, the left vertebral artery (LVA) was directly originated from AA. Average angle of AA curvature to the coronal plane was 62.2 degrees. BCT originated 0.92 mm on the right of the mid-vertebrae line. LCCA and LSCA originated from 12.3 mm and 22.8 mm on the left of the mid-vertebrae line. Mean distance from the origin of the BCT to the origin of the RCCA was 32.5 mm. Mean distance from the origin of the LSCA to the origin of the LVA was 33.8 mm. Average angles at which the major branches arise from the AA were 65.3, 46.9 and 63.8 degrees. Conclusion : This study may provides a basic anatomical information to catheterize AA and its branches for safely performing endovascular surgery.

Cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of mulberry leaves, branches and silkworm feces (상엽, 상지 및 잠분 에탄올 추출물의 품종별 세포독성 효과)

  • 안미영;류강선;김익수;김선여;이희삼
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.26-28
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    • 2001
  • The cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of varietal samples of mulberry leaves and branches and silkworm feces was measured using CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, using dye uptake assay in order to find potential anticancer agents. Two ethanol extracts (varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches) were prepared from 16 varietal mulberries and used as partial extract materials for the activity assay. Among these, the ethanol extracts from Shinkwangppong leaves showed a little anticancer activity, and those from Sugaeppong, Cheongunppong and Gumsulppong branches showed some anticancer activity as well as cytotoxicity. In contrast, ethanol extracts from freeze-dried, the 3rd day of 5th instar feces showed more potent anticancer activity than that of other mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and other 5th silkworm instar larva feces on the basis of high UV absorbance at 665 nm.

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