• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권1B호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2004

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) has been developed as a key technology to enhance the reliability, manageability and overall quality of service of core If networks with connection-oriented tunnel LSP and traffic engineering such as constraint-based routing, explicit routing, and restoration. In this paper, we propose a control bandwidth borrowing scheme that maximizes the utilization of tunnel LSPs or physical links by an extension to the RSVP-TE label distribution protocol. MPLS-based core switching network and VPN services rely on the establishment of connection-oriented tunneled LSPs that are configured or predefined by network management systems. The mechanism of network management system varies from (i) a relatively static LSP establishment accounting, to (ii) a dynamic QoS routing mechanisms. With the use of hierarchical LSPs, the extra bandwidth that is unused by the trunk (outer) LSPs should be fully allocated to their constituent end-to-end user traffic (inner) LSPs in order to maximize their utilization. In order to find out the unused extra bandwidth in tunnel LSP or physical link and redistribute these resources to constituent LSPs, we expend the functionality of RSVP-TE and the found unused extra bandwidth is redistributed with a weight-based recursive redistribution scheme. By the extended RSVP-TE and proposed recursive redistributed scheme, we could achieve the instantaneous maximized utilization of tunnel LSP or physical link suffering from the potential under-utilization problem and guarantee the end-to-end QoS requirements. With the proposed scheme, network manager can manage more effectively the extra available bandwidth of hierarchical LSPs and maximize the instantaneous utilization of the tunneled LSP resources.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2021

본 연구는 청소년 도박문제가 자살생각과 자살시도에 미치는 영향에서 학교 청소년과 학교밖 청소년 간에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 확인하고자 2018년 청소년 도박문제 실태조사 자료를 활용하여 최근 3개월 이내에 돈내기 게임을 경험한 학교청소년 4,982명과 학교밖 청소년 518명의 실태조사 자료를 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 도박문제수준과 지인이나 업체에서 돈을 빌린 경험, 학업성적 저하경험, 자살생각이나 자살시도 모두 학교 청소년에 비해 학교밖 청소년이 더 심각하였다. 둘째, 돈내기 게임 때문에 업체에서 돈을 빌린 경험은 자살생각과 자살시도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 도박문제수준과 돈내기 게임 때문에 친구나 선후배에게 돈을 빌린 경험, 학업 성적 저하 경험은 학교 청소년의 자살생각과 자살시도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이를 토대로 도박으로 인한 청소년의 자살문제를 예방하기 위한 개입방안에 대해 제시하였다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 짝수와 홀수, 수의 합성과 분해, 받아올림과 받아내림이 각각 있는 (몇)+(몇), (십 몇)-(몇)과 관련된 지도 내용의 개선을 위해 ${\ll}$수학 1-1${\gg}$, ${\ll}$수학 1-2${\gg}$에서의 해당 지도 내용을 검토하였다. 이러한 검토를 통해 얻은 시사점은 다음 세 가지이다. 첫째, 짝수와 홀수의 정의를 재고할 필요가 있다. 또, ${\ll}$수학 1-1${\gg}$에서 짝수와 홀수를 취급하는 것이 합리적인지 재고할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 20 이하의 수의 합성 분해를 취급할 필요가 있다. 즉, 10을 기준으로 하여 '10과 (몇)으로 (십 몇)', '(십 몇)으로 10과 (몇)'이라는 합성 분해의 취급을 고려할 필요가 있다. 또, 10의 합성 분해를 (십 몇)의 합성 분해보다 먼저 취급하는 지도 순서를 고려할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 계산 과정에서의 논리적 비약을 해소할 필요가 있다. 즉, 받아올림이 있는 (몇)+(몇)과 받아내림이 있는 (십 몇)-(몇)의 계산에서 10을 기준으로 하여 '10과 (몇)으로 (십 몇)', '(십 몇)으로 10과 (몇)'이라는 수의 합성 분해의 사용을 고려할 필요가 있다. 또, 필산 형식의 지도에서 일관성을 유지할 필요가 있다.

• 복식
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Che Guevara spearheading the Cuban Revolution was not only the icon as the revolutionary to the New-leftists of the 1960s advocating the ideology of Marxism but, as the cultural revolutionary, had a tremendous influence on the younger generation living in the digital age Che Guevara take on a figure of both the symbol of the Leftist but the romantic revolutionary because he had the external features such as black beret, red stars, military upper jackets and trousers, beard and pipe tobacco. In fact, the symbolic image of Che Guevara was made as the popular image by the avantgarde artists and political vanguard forces of the times under the necessity of Cuban government. Afterwards, the image of Che Guevara has been patronized in making people of aware of the resistant and revolutionary image to capital, power and the power of the media and symbolized as the resistant image to the American capital as well as the revolutionary guerrilla. And his image has continued to be reproduced and symbolized for the commercial and political purposes and as the enthusiastic image of youth culture. This can be seen as having been created as a new image by the popular culture formed by the development of the cyber culture and mass media in the cyberspace shaped by contemporary 'N' generations. The use of Che Guevara's symbolic image was made in the fashion field as well as in the cultural and artistic circles. The borrowing of the icon of Che Guevara represented in a fashion field is attributed to his free spirit, and it can be seen that fashion exists as the vehicle for representing both the symbol system and the sign system containing ideologies and texts as the communicator of resistance to the regime and to social issues. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the commercial iconization of Che Guevara in the 1990s by comparing the ideology of the symbol in the 1960s and the 1990s and inquire into the borrowing of his image by the fashion domain as well as the fashion worn by him by reference to domestic books and materials on the fashion site. Thereby, this study attempted to make clear that the borrowing of Che Guevara in the realm of fashion since the 1990s not only contained the meaningful interpretation as the symbolic code in the culture of young people living in a digital era but fashion performs an intervening role in the cultural phenomenon.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국ITS학회 2008년도 제7회 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.317-319
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• 2008

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1982

This paper is concerned with the optimal control of dynamic expansion and operation of a single capacity under deterministic demand. Three cases of financing mode are considered : unlimited borrowing, debt aversion, and self financing. Using the net revenue as the objective function, the optimal paths of production and investment are analytically derived.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

This paper is focused on practical research regarding costume design and arts management that make use of local resources and which are influenced by local culture of Tokuji in Yamaguchi-city, located in a mountainous area in Yamaguchi Prefecture in the western part of Honshu in Japan. We will examine possibilities in fashion design through this study. This was a practical research project, done with cooperation between the university and local industry, with priorities being assigned by the requests of residents of the Tokuji area. In 2011 the Aurinko, Tokuji, Talo (it means the Solar Tokuji Building in Finnish) was decided as the base of activities. Other functions were gradually added on, including a salon for people of the area to exchange ideas and workshops for group discussions. This paper will specifically be focused on the handmade paper peculiar to Tokuji and traditionally used as a material in fashion. The fashion designs developed by this researcher's laboratory were strongly influenced by these styles of paper. These costumes were made with a handmade paper called "Kamiko" in Japan, that is aesthetic sense has been historically cherished. This paper suggests that the affluence and depth of costume design may be expressed not only by directly borrowing from these influences, but also by borrowing the traditional aesthetic sense original to Japan. Thus this paper will examine industry and culture simultaneously, examining in particular the impact of arts management and costume design using handmade paper manufactured locally.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.16-32
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• 2000

This paper aims at exploring financing methods for port development in response to unification of South and North Korea. In so doing, methods of port financing employed by major countries have been enumerated. Major financing sources for the two Korea, among others, taxes, public bond, public administration fund, establishment of harbour maintenance tax, port development tax, port development fund, Civil Economic Cooperation Fund of South and North Korea, and Fund for Port Development of North Korea and, fund for cooperation of South and North Korea, Economic Development Cooperation Fund, borrowing of foreign capital, project financing, domestic civil capital investment, foreign capital investment, application of cross-subsidization principle, etc. were suggested.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper explores the determinants of bank lending to firms during and after the global financial crisis using firm- and bank-level data to answer the questions what caused the contraction of lending to firms despite the loosening monetary policy during this crisis period. Research design, data, and methodology - We investigate the effects of the monetary policy that followed the global financial crisis on firms borrowing. We use a dynamic panel model to address how firms lending respond to monetary policy. The data are obtained from CRETOP and we consider the manufacturing sector for the analysis to control for unobserved heterogeneity such as industry-specific shocks. Results - The findings from the empirical analysis suggest that both bank- and firm-level characteristics are significant determinants of bank lending. Especially, we find that corporate risk, measured by default risk, is one of the key factors that led to a decline in lending during the crisis. Conclusions - This paper shows that companies borrow more from liquid banks, and high bank capital can also contribute to an increase in a firm's borrowing from banks. Especially, the results confirm that the default rate measured at the firm level has increased during and after the global financial crisis, which implies that default risk interplays with other firm and bank-level characteristics.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of non-bank depository institutions (non-bank financial corporations) lending to firms. The paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from firm-level data and unveiling factors related to access to non-bank financial corporations by firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We used the data on borrowing by firms from CRETOP from years 2008 to 2011. Using the manufacturing industry, we examined what firm-level characteristics explained the increase in borrowing from non-bank financial corporations rather than the banks. Results - Analyzing the firm-level data from 2008 to 2011, we found that firms were more likely to borrow from non-bank financial insti­tutions as the size of the firm increases, implying that large firms have more access to non-bank financing than small and medium-sized firms. In addition, it also showed that small and medium-sized firms moved to non-bank financial corporations for loans. Conclusion - Non-bank depository institutions are not a sub­stitute for bank lending to firms. More specifically, they replace bank lending to firms mostly for large firms rather than small and medium-sized firms. Also, collateral and other firm-level characteristics do not matter in accounting for non-bank lending to firms.